• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.33-47
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to understand the master plan of "The project on a comprehensive village development with a unit of a based township" through the master plan analysis and to help understand the implications of this project in order to maintain rural villages that can make local residents satisfied with them and promote the project of comprehensive rural village development as a successful way based on a comparative analysis through the in-site survey. The processes of this study are as follows. First, the analysis of development planning created a drawing based on linking business strategy by each region. The current situation and characteristics of planned public spaces were analyzed through the analysis of location and distribution of public spaces and facilities. Second, the situation analysis was performed by the task of shooting based on the basic plan information, and the master plan and status were confirmed through interviews. Also, the analysis of location and distribution of public spaces and facilities was conducted by a created drawings based on a survey. Finally, the detailed information of public spaces and facilities was compared with the investigation by in-site survey and analyzed through the Master Plan Strategy and a detailed classification of the types of facilities among each regional issues. In addition, by overlapping the planned drawings with the results, the results of formations were confirmed and the planned positional changes and the distribution of facilities were analyzed. As the results of "The project of comprehensive village development with a unit of based township", it was determined that there were many issues on cultural and welfare facilities in this project to meet the business objectives. Also, the facilities the residents needed, identified by interviews, were rural tourism facilities. According to the results, the residents cherished rural tourism facilities as much as basic living facilities. However, as the results of comparative analysis of public spaces and facilities, it was confirmed that mostly the plan was unfulfilled. Therefore, it is concluded that living, cultural and welfare facilities in the township can be maintained and expanded comprehensively as a purpose of "The project of comprehensive village development with a unit of based township" after not only planning process but also the project is fulfilled actually in rural areas.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.97-111
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• 2003

This study aims at presenting the planning parameter of ski course by designing Gapyung ski course. This site is located at Hacheon-ri, Gapyung-gun, Kyunggi-do and has an area $1,594,001m^2$. Design objectives of Gapyung Ski Resort were to build the most suitable ski course on the site area and make a comparative ski resort. This design process covers the following : site inventory and analysis; integration of design program and terrain analysis; slope planning and trail balance; comparison with other ski resort. This ski resort was composed of 5 lifts and 10 ski trails which are divided into 2 intermediate course, 3 high intermediate course, 4 advanced course, and I expert course. Total length of slope distance is 8,738m. This ski resort will be developed for advanced skiers and snow boarders who enjoy a mogul and a half pipe course. Therefore, the strategy of this ski resort is marked for target market of high intermediate.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to suggest the rural village model which is able to be applied to the rural village (re)development. The rural village model consists of five sector models land use model, residential unit model, public facilities allocation model, productive space arrangement model, road & green system model. The village model as a spatial structure needs modification/revision through the its application to various sites. The following are suggestions developed in the process of preparing a model for the Korean rural village. First, some indices presented in the land use model need to be further studied as the planning indices before implementing the rural village projects. Second, it is recomended that the image of a rural village needs to be created by developing the residential unit(6 households) as a planning development unit, And various residential unit models need to be suggested. Third, it is desirable to develop the double circulation system and green edge(1 m), and to introduce pedestrian road as much as possible for the amenity of the residential environment, Fourth, being located within walking distance from the existing village, new-introduced site should be developed as a interlinked and opened structure. The rural village model is useful in preparing the spatial structure for the village (re)development, and in finding the best design solution responsive to the conditions of a project site.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.62-75
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• 2017

This study analyzes the multiple effects of the following three aspects of waterscape facilities within apartment complexes: planning/designing, maintenance/management, and use of the facilities and suggests primary documents that will be fundamental for the methods to accelerate the implementation of waterscape facilities. A survey and analysis was conducted among a few of the most representative private apartment complexes in Seoul in accordance with the management and operation of waterscape facilities. The analysis used frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, reliability test, t-test, and PLS regression analysis. The research findings are as follows: first, the degree of use of waterscape facilities was found to be low regardless of the levels of operation, but residents' preference for the facilities was shown to be high, thus indicating there are still high expectations on the part of residents. Second, regardless of whether the facilities are being operated efficiently, the two items of location and display method under the section of planning and designing and the two items of aptitude and convenience under the section of use were found to positively affect the operation and use of waterscape facilities. Particularly, the item of freshness, cleanliness was shown to be directly and indirectly correlated with obsolescence, administration costs, and noise, which negatively affect the operation. Third, it was found that the administration costs itself that had been shown as the most negative factor of operating landscaping facilities in previous research did not cause problems in the residential area where the facilities are not operated efficiently. The finding suggests that the administration costs do not matter but that in the case of experience- and entertainment-typed facilities that residents want, they are linked to problems that do not introduce the desired facilities. Fourth, it was found that various aspects of planning, designing, maintaining, and using facilities interconnect and affect one another in the process of operating and using waterscape facilities resulting in the need to have a comprehensive approach to these three factors of planning, design, maintenance, management, and utilization. This study proposes that the needs and values of residents should be reflected to activate the introduction of landscaping facilities in the apartment complexes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.60-72
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• 2016

This study aims to suggest strategies of development and management for large parks by examining experimental cases of park governance models related to a shift away from public administration. The shifts towards governance as well as public-private partnership in city parks have involved the need for new public management. This study has analyzed two exemplary cases of Presidio Park and Sydney Harbour National Park in the aspects of planning process and management strategies, as the results derived the meaning and effect of park governance management and is also an essential prerequisite for the achievement of the model. There are six dimensions of research frames--namely policy, governance, partnership, finances and funds, design and maintenance-management, and evaluation-monitoring-taken as the basis for this study. Through the analysis, several key characteristics of these cases were elicited. First, the park planning process must be consistent in carrying a policy from planning to implementation, and furthermore, an independent operation body which can properly authorize an execution and uphold its responsibility from the public could serve in adaptable park services. Second, it has been suggested to build various partnerships with PAs and NGOs, private corporations, community groups, and academic institutes that allow it to expand the diversity of the park activities. Third, there has been experimental exploration to achieve a financially self-sufficient model by establishing internal revenue models and hence allow the reduction of reliance on public finances. The result of this type of park management would allow for improving park quality and make the park space a vital part of the local economy. Fourth, the strategies for a local community's participation are needed to allow the community to become a producer as well as a consumer. This study shows that the direction and significance of the park governance model regarding the fact that the plans sought by the two parks are extending the layout of public-centered discussion to the private sector and the third non-governmental sector including to the local community group. This shows both implications and limitations, such as the risk of privatization through non-governmental activities at the park or the violation of essential functions as a public good due to a profit-generating management policy for securing financial self-sufficiency. At the current point in which plans are under way for the development and management of large parks, a park governance model requires continuous study and expansion of discussion in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.41-52
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate visitor satisfaction(VS) in waterfront parks in terms of resources, facilities, embodiment of theme(ET), site composition(SC), relaxation activity space(RAS), and dynamic activity space(DAS), which are supply-side components in the planning process of waterfront parks, in order to answer the research question; 'How is visitor satisfaction of waterfront parks determined?' After reviewing the literature on parks and the building process of waterfront parks in Korea, we constructed a conceptual framework and have ascertained a research hypothesis. We had obtained data through a questionnaire survey from 327 visitors at waterfront parks, based on the quota sampling method. We have analyzed the data using the path analysis method. We found that: 1) The direct effects of resources and facilities on VS turned out to be 0.273 and 0.306, respectively while the indirect effects are 0.114, 0.170, respectively. 2) The direct effects of SC, as a component of the planning process on VS, turned out to be 0.243 while that of ET had no affect on VS. The indirect effect of ET and SC on VS turned out to be 0.059 and 0.018, respectively. 3) The direct effects of RAS on VS turned out to be 0.129 while the indirect effects of RAS and DAS on VS turned out to be 0.002 and 0.017, respectively. 4) The size of causal effect, in order, were facilities, resources, SC, RAS, ET, and DAS. 5) Resources and facilities, as a park foundation, compose 64.84 percent of total causal effect while ET and SC have 24.04 percent and RAS and DAS have 11.12 percent, respectively. These research results imply that: 1) Existing waterfront parks should be regenerated with the embodiment of water related theme and with improved facilities for RAS and visitor programs and/or facilities for DAS. 2) The relationship among ET, SC, RAS and DAS should be increased for a significant improvement of VS, and 3) A process-oriented approach turned out to be highly useful for the development of substantive theory and methodology. It is recommended that a structural equation model on waterfront parks be developed using more empirical data and this approach be widely applied for testing its validity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.70-82
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• 2000

This is a study to generate a theoretical base for the development of wildlife corridor as a solution to the problems of wildlife population size reduction and declining bio-diversity resulting from the fragmented habitats caused by road constructions. This study seeks to examine and define techniques in very aspect of wildlife corridor including planning, site selection, design and development, and maintenance through an actual application. The results of this study are as follows. 1) The wildlife corridor should be developed in an approach supplementing a landscape ecological approach and a restoration ecological approach bilaterally. To this end, systematic methodology and process are required. 2) It was restored an ecosystem as close as possible go to the forest ecosystem before road development. In addition, in order to allow it to function as an ecological corridor, topography restoration, stream development, and ecological plantation were implemented. 3) The result of monitoring activities that continued for one year since the development confirmed the migration and inhabitation of a number of animals including small mammals. It is judged that it functions as a corridor in fragmented habitats as initially expected. 4) Through continuous monitoring in the future, the effects of corridor development on ecological restoration need to be reviewed in a long-term perspective. There is also a need to develop and refine a comprehensive maintenance plan for wildlife corridors and their surroundings. Based on such study results, actual data on the development of wildlife corridor should be accumulated. In follow-up studies, after continuous monitoring for a long period of time, the effects of wildlife corridor development should be evaluated comprehensively and wildlife corridor applicable to Korea should be standardized by correcting disclosed problems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.13-26
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• 2015

Urban park and green space provide various functions. Among the functions, human benefit and increase of biodiversity are known to be important. Therefore, it is important to consider human and biotic aspect in the process of selecting suitable site for park and green space. However, there is insufficient research on both aspects. In this study, we used green network to analyze human and biotic aspect to select suitable site for park and green space in Seongnam City in Korea. To analyze the green network, we used accessibility for human aspect and used dispersal distance and habitat size for biotic aspect. We conducted least-cost path modelling using movement cost. In case of biotic aspect, GFS (generic focal species) is used to estimate habitat size and dispersal distance. To find out suitable site for park and green space, we used an overlay analysis method. As the result, old residential areas are shown have insufficient green network which needs park and green space. Furthermore, the green network for biotic aspect is insufficient in old residential areas comapred to green network for human aspect. The result of this study could contribute in planning of park and green space to maximize their functions.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.27
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• pp.59-67
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to propose the methodology for introducing green infrastructure that can improve the health of citizens by promoting walkability. The methodology is composed of the following three phases: classification of the types of green spaces, selection of core green spaces with two separate analyses, and introduction of the framework of green infrastructure to promote walkability. In the first phase, the classification of the types of green spaces was carried out in order to understand existing distribution pattern of green spaces in study site. In the second phase, walkable blocks were selected by such methods as walkability value. Through these two analyses, all the blocks were divided into three groups according to the ranking figured up the second analyses' results. The blocks in the first group, the group involved in the top 30% and having the greatest ranking, were defined as walkable blocks. In the last phase, a basic frame of the green infrastructure in study site was introduced by connecting the walkable blocks with using other blocks and the green spaces over 1ha. In case study, 28 important green spaces and 35 walkable blocks were selected through the two analysis process. Then, the basic framework of green infrastructure based on the selected 28 important green spaces and 35 walkable blocks was introduced. The methodology applied to this study can be used to get the best selections of the proper green infrastructure in accordance with the purpose of the ecological and recreational local development. In particular, this study will suggest a specific analysis model to use for the ecological and walkable urban planning with green spaces existing in the city.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2001

The tremendous growth of population and physical development in the largest urban agglomeration in Indonesia -the Jakarta Metropolitan Region, also known as Jabotabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Tanggerang, Bekasi)- has created many environmental problems, such as land use conversion, increasing urban temperature, water and air pollution, intrusion of seawater, and flooding. These problems have become more serious as the urban green space (trees, shrubs, and groundcovers) has decreased rapidly with the urbanization process. Urban green space directly benefits the urban environment through ameliorating air pollution, controlling temperature, contributing to the balance of the hydrological system, and providing space for recreation and relaxation. Because there is little hard data to support the claim of decreasing greenery in Jabotabek, it is necessary to measure the amount of urban green space. The paper describes the spatial analysis of urban green space within Jabotabek through the use of a geographical information system (GIS). We used GIS and remote sensing to determine land cover change and predicted greenery percentage. Interpretation of Landsat data for 1972, 1983, 1990, and 1997 showed that Jabotabek has experiences rapid development and associated depletion of green open space. The proportion of green open space fell by 23% from 1972 to 1997. We found a low percentage of urban green space in the center of Jakarta but a high percentage in fringe area. The amount of greenery is predicted by the Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) model: predicted greenery (%) = [146.04] RVI - 134.96. We consider that our result will be useful for landscape planning to improve the environment of Jabotabek.