• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.117-127
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• 2012

The demand of rural tourism industry has increased among the urbanites in South Korea, in due to the increase of leisure activity and the emergence of ageing society. Rural amenity resources are gaining various interests, in the value creation and promotion of tourism. In this study, the propensities of city dwellers were separated by life-style classification, and each affinity to the rural amenity resources was examined in accordance with the separation. A questionnaire survey of urbanites in the southern area of Gyeonggi-do, the most populous province in South Korea, was conducted to analyze the preference of city dwellers about rural amenity resource and life-style of themselves. For statistical verification, $IBM^{(R)}$ $SPSS^{(R)}$ Statistics 20 software was used for frequency, reliability, factor and multiple regression analysis of this research. The results of the statistical analyses found a noticeable characteristic in life-style classification. The affinities of urbanites can be classified into four congregations of life-style factors in this statistical model. Each congregation of the factors was named as 'Self-development-oriented', 'Leisure-oriented', 'Achievement-oriented', and 'Culture-oriented' life-style, to represent the characteristics for convenience' sake. Among these styles, only 'Self-development-oriented' and 'Achievement-oriented' showed the positive correlation with rural amenity resources in the multiple regression analysis. In addition, the rural amenity resources were also analyzed in accordance with the life-styles classification of urbanites. City dwellers showed the highest interest to the 'natural resource management facility resource' in natural resources, the 'traditional heritage resource' in cultural resources, and the 'community resource' in social resources. Meanwhile, they showed less interest to 'agricultural and scenery resources' in natural resources, 'specialty production resource' in cultural resources, and 'cooperative farming' in social resources. These characteristics can be constructed as meaning that the urbanites who concern self-development and achievement of their lives have high interest in rural amenity resources, and the main interest of them is not 'return-to-the-farm'(歸農) but 'return-to-the-home'(歸村).

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2013

The aim of the research was to analyze programs, outcomes, promotion process, and operation methods of neighbourhood making to provide basic information for progressive improvement directions in the future. Buk-gu in Gwanju city, samdeok-dong in Daegu city and dongpirang in Tongyeong city were selected for a comparative analysis. The main bodies of neighbourhood making for promoting a local amenity were analysed for this research. The results indicated that a voluntary and continuous participation of residents was expected in the case of neighbourhood making led by the residents. However, a steady budget support from the outside was necessary for the continuous management and improvement of neighbourhood organization. For this, a voluntary agreement was required through the consultative group and committee formation. The member of civil organization has a limitation in the ability to develop and maintain continuos activities in the case of neighbourhood making led by a civil organization. This research found that operation methods including the constant checking, the search for new ideas through assessment of the resident's participation, local festivals for a community formation and real satisfactions of residents' desires were needed in the neighbourhood making led by a civil organization. A participation rate in neighbourhood making was low in the case of neighbourhood making led by administrative bodies. This result indicated that the long-term strategics for space renewal and community revitalization were important. Various easy ways of residents' participation to reflect their interests and operation systems were also needed. Finally, current local issues, active residents' participation and residents' opinions would be included in the process of neighbour making in the future.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.296-304
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• 2015

The rapid increase in the number of climate disasters combined with the scale of change and the diversification of natural disasters require a radical solution. In particular, the urban space is more complex, therefore we need to establish measures for disaster response and how to react to damaged infrastructure based on the phenomenon of an increase in the urban population and the impermeable layer being extended. The social problems related to the economic burden of land purchase and the securing of a disaster prevention system can be solved simultaneously by introducing the park system for disaster reduction into the public land of the green space in the city. The local government has recently adapted diverse systems of disaster mitigation and carried out pioneer projects according to the guidelines for the construction of the urban park for disaster prevention published by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. The purpose of this study is to propose a composition model for neighborhood parks to prevent disaster through urban green spaces which has the functions of water management and biotope conservation. The result of this study will contribute to utilize the climate change adaptation model for living area neighborhood parks in the existing urban structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2017

This study aims to provide the basic habitat data for the alternative breeding sites of Family Ardeidae including Ardea cinerea, Egretta alba modesta, Egretta intermedia, Egretta garzetta, Bubulcus ibis and Nycticorax nyciticorax. Species numbers, flight directions for detecting foraging grounds and current vegetation structure were investigated nesting at Gunsan urban forest area. Data were collected over a period of 10 weeks, from 15 June - 31 August 2014. The total nest and population of Family Ardeida were 684 and 1,712 respectively. Percentage of birds observed flying in 8 major compass directions were as follows. 57.27% of all birds were observed flying northwest, 22.09% were observed flying south and 13.40% were flying north. For possible foraging areas, to the northwest, there are Geumgang river tidal flats, and to the south, paddy fields and streams within 2km. Flying directions by species (${\chi}^2=287.18$, P<.001, Cramer's V=0.12) and by seasons(${\chi}^2=839.94$, P<.001, Cramer's V=0.19) showed significant difference statistically. In relation between species and directions, 60.31% and 24.05% of Bubulcus ibis and 59.40% and 23.00% of Ardea cinerea were observed flying northwest and south respectively. Vegetation in the sites consist of an overstory of 3 to 7 species. At site 1, Pinus thunbergii was the dominant species and site 2, Chamaecyparis obtusa. Understory vegetation is composed of shrubs, saplings and small trees of Chamaecyparis obtusa, Quercus acutissima, Smilax china and Platycarya strobilacea. Egrets and herons usually nested at the dense population and canopy overlayed forest, and especially branches and leaves of smallwood with less than 10cm of breast height diameter were relatively severely damaged due to the nesting and excreta.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2011

This study was conducted to identify the morphological characteristics and variations level by site environment of native bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) from costal and island region in South Korea. Soil chemical properties and morphological characteristics were investigated. There were significant differences in plant height, leaf width, leaf length, cotton on leaf blade, stolon, and number of seed per spike depending on where they were collected from natural habitat. We have discovered a variety of variation among the investigated traits in Korean native bermudagrass ecotypes. There were broad leaf and fine leaf types of native bermudgarass in S. Korea. Adaptability was in very high on inadequate environment in bermudagrass with broad leaf types, it has also been suggested that management worth in terms of use. These results may provide basic information for bermudagrass breeding development and the collected types during this investigation would be worth being preserved as genetic resources for further breeding purposes.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.108-123
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• 2003

The importance of environmental resources has been recognized over the world after Rio declaration(1992). so it is moved to monetarize environmental resources. The studies on the evaluation of nonmarket goods began also in the early 1990 in Korea. In practice the preliminary feasibility studies(PFS) are carried out since 1999 in case of major public investments projects. In PFS the Benefit-Cost analysis is practically used. which is considering the evaluation of environmental resources. But the methods for the evaluation have not been fixed up. In this study It is introduced to the theory and major methods for the evaluation of environmental resources. In the theory the evaluation is handled in aspect of demand function and supply function. The optimum level can be extracted from the two functions. In the method. travel cost method(TCM), hedonic price method(HPM) and contingent valuation method(CVM) are introduced according to the market structures.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.499-511
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• 2008

To solve the emerging geospatial problems, more creative and effective spatial information infrastructures are required. To solve the emerging geospatial problems at a national level, this study assumes that the current Korean NSDI considered descriptive needs to be more prescriptive. The future NSDI will require a more useful integration vehicle for matters and places of national importance such as national security and emergency prevention and management. The purpose of this study is to identify "What can be done for the Korean NSDI to be more prescriptive?" This study reviews previous researches and new SDI concepts, analyzes the Korean NSDI in terms of a descriptive NSDI, and proposes a prescriptive NSDI model for Korean geospatial problems. The model includes new aspects of an advanced NSDI and several tasks for the future prescriptive Korean NSDI.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.558-570
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• 2014

This study was conducted to compare the volatile flavor compounds found in the leaves of 15 taxa of Korean native Chrysanthemum species. The volatile flavor compounds from the taxa were collected using a simultaneous steam distillation and extraction technique and were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass selective detector (GC/MSD). A total of 45 volatile flavor compounds were identified with six functional groups: 14 alcohols, 4 ketones, 19 hydrocarbons, 5 esters, 2 acids, and 1 aldehyde. The main functional group in 15 taxa of Chrysanthemum species was alcohols, accounting for 28.7% of volatile flavor compounds, followed by ketones (21.2%) and hydrocarbons (13.2%). Camphor, which is known for its antimicrobial properties, was the most abundant volatile compound (30%) in C. zawadskii ssp. latilobum and var. leiophyllum. In particular, C. indicum subspecies and C. boreale contained ${\alpha}$-thujone, which has outstanding anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, and anti-diabetic efficacies. C. indicum var. albescens could be used in perfumes, since it showed 21 times more camphene than C. indicum. In addition, C. indicum var. acuta contained a fairly high content of 1,8-cineole, which has an inhibitory effect on mutagenesis. C. lineare contained only pentadecanoic acid compounds, whereas other taxa hexadecanoic acids. Overall, the Korean native Chrysanthemum species had considerable variation in volatile flavor compounds in their leaves. This study provides a good indication of specific potential use for various applications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2015

In connection with biodiversity that has recently become the topic, competition to secure biological genetic resources is being heightened all over the world. Korea also has a variety of efforts to secure and preserve plant genetic resources, and has recognized the importance of the function and role of arboretums. Arboretums in Korea, however, have the problems in terms of quality due to the rapid increase. One of the problems is shortages in experts who are essential for the proper functioning of arboretums. To solve the problem, the State introduced Gardener Training Program certification system and started to train gardeners. However, gardeners who have actually employed at arboretums are less than 20% and thus the problem of shortages in experts still exists. In this context, this study examined 44 registered arboretums in Korea to find out the current situation of experts; analyzed arboretum experts and the program certification system in view of relevant laws; and investigated the current situation of training programs being operated in three Gardener Training Program certification organizations. Finally, this study conducted a survey of 68 gardeners who completed the training program at Chollipo Arboretum and tried to suggest a plan for securing experts from the gardener training programs. The plan for utilizing the trained gardeners as experts in arboretums is as follows: First, legal standards for the employment of experts in arboretums should be strengthened. Second, it is necessary to evaluate training programs, in order to raise the reliability of arboretum experts' expertise. Third, official validity that can be honored in all arboretums should be granted to a certificate of program completion. Finally, networks of gardeners who completed the programs should be formed through follow-up management of them.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.159-170
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• 2013

The effect of climate change on urban woody plants remains difficult to predict in urban areas. Depending on its tolerances, a plant species may stay and survive or stay with slowly declining remnant populations under a changing climate. To predict those vulnerabilities on urban woody plants, this study suggests a basic bioclimatic envelop model of heat requirements, cold tolerance, chilling requirements and moisture requirements that are well documented as the 'climatic niche'. Each component of the 'climatic niche' is measured by the warmth index, the absolute minimum temperature, the number of chilling weeks and the water balance. Regarding the utility of the developed model, the selected urban plant's present probabilities are suggested in the future climate of Seoul. Both Korea and Japan's thermal thresholds are considered for a plant's optimal climatic niche. By considering the thermal thresholds of these two regions for the same species, the different responses observed will reflect the plant's 'hardening' process in a rising climate. The model illustrated that the subpolar plants Taxus cuspidata and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica are predicted to have low suitability in Seoul. The temperate plants Zelkova serrata and Pinus densiflora, which have a broad climatic niche, exhibited the highest present probability in the future. The subtropical plants Camellia japonica and Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii may exhibit a modest growth pattern in the late 21C's future climatic period when an appropriate frost management scheme is offered. The model can be used to hypothesize how urban ecosystems could change over time. Moreover, the developed model can be used to establish selection guidelines for urban plants with high levels of climatic adaptability.