• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 2020

Accurate knowledge of land use/land cover (LULC) features and their relative changes over upon the time are essential for sustainable urban management. Urban sprawl growth has been always also a worldwide concern that needs to carefully monitor particularly in a developing country where unplanned building constriction has been expanding at a high rate. Recently, remotely sensed imageries with a very high spatial/spectral resolution and state of the art machine learning approaches sent the urban classification and growth monitoring to a higher level. In this research, we classified the Quickbird satellite imagery by object-based image analysis of Dempster-Shafer (OBIA-DS) for the years of 2002 and 2015 at Karbala-Iraq. The real LULC changes including, residential sprawl expansion, amongst these years, were identified via change detection procedure. In accordance with extracted features of LULC and detected trend of urban pattern, the future LULC dynamic was simulated by using land transformation model (LTM) in geospatial information system (GIS) platform. Both classification and prediction stages were successfully validated using ground control points (GCPs) through accuracy assessment metric of Kappa coefficient that indicated 0.87 and 0.91 for 2002 and 2015 classification as well as 0.79 for prediction part. Detail results revealed a substantial growth in building over fifteen years that mostly replaced by agriculture and orchard field. The prediction scenario of LULC sprawl development for 2030 revealed a substantial decline in green and agriculture land as well as an extensive increment in build-up area especially at the countryside of the city without following the residential pattern standard. The proposed method helps urban decision-makers to identify the detail temporal-spatial growth pattern of highly populated cities like Karbala. Additionally, the results of this study can be considered as a probable future map in order to design enough future social services and amenities for the local inhabitants.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.4D
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• pp.407-419
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• 2012

It is difficult to obtain the accurate and homogeneous height information over the whole Korea due to the effect of different vertical datums have been divided into land and sea part. In this study, we tried to unify the different vertical datums using the precise spirit leveling between TBM (tidal bench mark) and BM (bench mark) in order to solve the problems caused by different vertical datums. For this, the vertical datum offsets at observed points which were calculate from leveling results and then transformation model of vertical datum will be modelled using calculated offsets along the coastal line. For suggesting the precise modelling method to vertical datum transformation, we analyzed results from various interpolation methods such as Spline and LSC method. As the results from analysis, the LSC method combined with 4-parameters trend model is more suitable for modelling the offsets between vertical datums. The final transformation model of vertical datum using the combination of LSC and 4-parameter model which provides the transformation accuracies of ${\pm}10.4cm{\sim}14.8cm$ level. And, the software for vertical datum transformation that was also developed using the final model in order to convert the height information included in various spatial data effectively. Therefore, the transformation model between vertical datums of land and sea part, which is developed in this study, is expected to minimize the confusion caused by mismatch of height information in the use of spatial data, and it also can be minimize economic and time losses in various application fields such as coastal development project, coastal disaster prevention, etc.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.139-153
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• 2014

The world geodetic system transformation of cadastral record have to minimize differences of boundary and area being in cadastral record according to transformation for that is direct connected with the land owner and property protection. However it is very difficult to accurately maintain the before and after transformation because coordinate transformation is generally using a mathematical conversion formula. At present, Helmert model by using 4-parameter is official coordinate transformation model for Cadastral Resurvey Project but scale factor is most sensitive to changes of area and relative position in the same parcel. In this study, it was proposed 3-parameter method using by scale factor fixing through the application of a Helmert in order to avoid changing the area difference and keeping the error within the tolerance range of the boundary which is related to the boundary point coordinate region.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.373-380
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• 2022

The field of land surveying is changing dramatically due to the way data is processed, analyzed and presented. Also, there is a growing demand for digital spatial information, coming primarily from the GIS (Geographical Information System) user community. Such a demand has created a strong development potential for a new land surveying software. An overview of the development and capabilities of a land surveying software platform based on the Windows system, SurveyingMap, is presented. Among its many features, SurveyingMap provides a lot of adaptability for networks adjustment, geodetic and plane coordinates transformation, contouring, sectioning, DTM (Digital Terrain Model) generation, and large scale mapping applications. The system output is compatible with well known computer aided drafting (CAD) /GIS packages to expand its scope of applications. SurveyingMap is also suitable for non-technical users due to the user-friendly graphic user interface. The system could be used in engineering, architecture, GIS, and academic teaching and research, among other fields. Two applications of SurveyingMap, extension of field control and large scale mapping, for the case study area are established. The results demonstrate that the system is adaptable and reasonably priced for use by college and university students.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.225-227
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• 2003

Traditional photogrammetry and satellite image rectification technique have been developed based on control-points for many decades. These techniques are driven from linked points in image space and the corresponding points in the object space in rigorous colinearity or coplanarity conditions. Recently, digital imagery facilitates the opportunity to use features as well as points for images rectification. These implementations were mainly based on rigorous models that incorporated geometric constraints into the bundle adjustment and could not be applied to the new high-resolution satellite imagery (HRSI) due to the absence of sensor calibration and satellite orbit information. This research is an attempt to establish a new Line Based Transformation Model (LBTM), which is based on linear features only or linear features with a number of ground control points instead of the traditional models that only use Ground Control Points (GCPs) for satellite imagery rectification. The new model does not require any further information about the sensor model or satellite ephemeris data. Synthetic as well as real data have been demonestrated to check the validity and fidelity of the new approach and the results showed that the LBTM can be used efficiently for rectifying HRSI.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.109-119
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• 2016

The height datum of Korea is currently separated into land and sea, which makes it difficult to acquire homogeneous and accurate height information throughout the whole nation. In this study, we therefore tried to suggest the more effective way to transform the height information were constructed separately according to each height datum on land and sea to those on the unique height datum using precise geoid models and tidal observations in Korea. For this, Anmyeon island was selected as a study area to develop the precise geoid models based on the height datums land (IMSL) and sea (LMSL), respectively. In order to develop two hybrid geoid models based on each height datum of land an sea, we firstly develop a precise gravimetric geoid model using the remove and restore (R-R) technique with all available gravity observations. The gravimetric geoid model were then fitted to the geometric geoidal heights, each of which is represented as height datum of land or sea respectively, obtained from GPS/Leveling results on 15 TBMs in the study area. Finally, we determined the differences between the two hybrid geoid models to apply the height transformation between IMSL and LMSL. The co-tidal chart model of TideBed system developed by Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency (KHOA) which was re-gridded to have the same grid size and coverage as the geoid model, in order that this can be used for the height datum transformation from LMSL to local AHHW and/or from LMSL to local DL. The accuracy of height datum transformation based on the strategy suggested in this study was approximately ${\pm}3cm$. It is expected that the results of this study can help minimize not only the confusions on the use of geo-spatial information due to the disagreement caused by different height datum, land and sea, in Korea, but also the economic and time losses in the execution of coastal development and disaster prevention projects in the future.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.629-632
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• 1999

In this paper, color coordinate system transformation based visual servo controller has been considered. Mobile robot always has a position error and an orientation error resulted from wheel slipping etc.. Even more, the errors have accumulative properties. So feedback from environments is important. In this paper, by using color model faster land mark extraction can be achieved. And the global position and the orientation of mobile robot can be known by only two land marks positions in image coordinate system. Finally, the adoption of visual information in path tracking problem makes visual servo control.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.07b
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• pp.591-595
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• 2000

In this paper color coordinate system transformation based visual servo controller has been considered Mobile robot always has a position error and an orientation error resulted from wheel slipping etc.. Even more, the errors have accumulative properties. So feedback from environments is important. In this paper by using color model faster land mark extraction can be achieved. And the global position and the orientation of mobile robot can be known by only two land mark positions in image coordinate system. Finally, the adoption of visual information in path tracking problem makes visual servo control.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.82-98
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• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to suggest the efficiency measurement way of Korean seaport by using Average Index Transformation model of fuzzy DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis). Two inputs[cargo handling capacity, and berthing capacity], and outputs[cargo handling amount, and the number of ship calls] are used in 1995 and 2004 for 26 Korean seaports. Empirical main results are as follows: First, Tongyung, Gohyun, Okpo, and Sogcho Ports are efficient, and Yeasu Port shows the high efficiency level over 95% under input oriented CCR model. Gohyun and Sogcho Ports showed the most efficient score under average index transformation model. Okpo and Yeasu Ports increased their efficiency scores as the lamda(λ) values are up. The empirical results of fuzzy DEA average index transformation model for Wando, Yeasu, and Seoguipo ports showed that if the lamda values are higher, the efficiency scores are also higher. The main policy implication based on the findings of this study is that the management manager of Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs in Korea should introduce the fuzzy DEA average index transformation model for deciding the size of inputs including the port investment amount and evaluating the port efficiency.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.378-381
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• 2008

The regulating and relaxing targets in the Land Use Regulation and Total Maximum Daily Loads are influenced by Land cover information. For the providing more accurate land information, this study attempted to generate an impervious surface map using KOMPSAT-2 image which a Korea manufactured high resolution satellite image. The classification progress of this study carried out by tasseled-cap spectral enhancement through each class extraction technique neither existing classification method. KOMPSAT-2 image of this study is enhanced by Soil Brightness Index(SBI), Green vegetation Index(GVI), None-Such wetness Index(NWI). Then ranges of extracted each index in enhanced image are determined. And then, Confidence Interval of classes was determined through the calculating Non-exceedance Probability. Spectral distributions of each class are changed according to changing of Control coefficient(${\alpha}$) at the calculated Non-exceedance Probability. Previously, Land cover classification map was generated based on established ranges of classes, and then, pervious and impervious surface was reclassified. Finally, impervious ratio of reclassified impervious surface map was calculated with blocks in the study area.