• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.867-875
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• 2009

A wireless sensor network inherently comprises a plurality of sensor nodes widely deployed for sensing environmental information. To add new functions or to correct some faulty functions of an existing wireless sensor network, the firmware for each sensor node needs to be updated. Firmware update would be quite troublesome if it requires the gathering, reprogramming, and redeploy of all of already deployed sensor nodes. Over-the-air programming (OTA) facilitates the firmware update process, thereby allowing convenient maintenance of an already-deployed sensor network. This paper proposes and implements a remote firmware update mechanism for a TDMA-based wireless sensor network, in which the firmware for sensor nodes constituting the TDMA-based sensor network can be easily updated and the update process can be conveniently monitored from a remote site. We verify the validity of the proposed firmware update method via experiments and introduce three wireless sensor networks installed in outdoor sites in which the proposed firmware update mechanism has been exploited.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.268-273
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• 2012

The definition of anaphylaxis is 'a serious, life-threatening generalized or systemic hypersensitivity reaction' and is considered as the life threatening adverse drug reaction. We experienced a case of cefotetan induced anaphylaxis with negative pre-skin test, used for surgical prophylaxis. A 82-year-old female was scheduled for total knee replacement therapy. She had no previous history of allergy and her skin test results were also negative. On her right knee surgery, she underwent cefotetan therapy as a surgical prophylaxis for a week with no problems identified. Next left knee surgery, she also received the prophylaxis of intravenous cefotetan. However, a few minutes later, anaphylactic reaction developed with vomiting, severe hypotension, bronchospasm, and dyspnea. After immediate intensive care treatment, she recovered without significant complications. Though commonly used laboratory data in case reports, such as the specific IgE, tryptase, histamine, or allergic skin prick test were limited, we successfully confirmed anaphylaxis based on clinical criteria for diagnosing anaphylaxis based on WAO 2011 guideline with through concurrent patient°Øs medical history review and the process of identifying the causes.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 1997

Most Virtual Reality Systems have been developed to support only a single user on a stand-alone system. With increasing availability of Internet, many people are taking strong interests in distributed Virtual Reality : the virtual environment is shared by many paticipants interacting over the network. To support sharing virtual environment and interactions on a network, we developed novel contributions to 3D world description and a network model. Interactive 3D world description is based on VRML, which is extended to support multi-user interactions. Then network model in our system consists of an architecture and a set of protocols for realizing a multi-user interactive shared 3D environment in IP multicast environment.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.97-100
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• 2010

Hemangioma are not rare tumors. They can be found in almost any of the vascular structures of the body. Hemangiomas involving the deep structures of the extremities may produce extremely difficult therapeutic problems for the orthopedic surgeon. Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare proliferative disorder that affects synovium, tendon sheath and bursa. Although the condition can present in any joint, knee joint is the most commonly affected site and only 2.5% of cases occur in foot and ankle joint. We have experienced a patient who has of foot and report an optimal method of surgical treatment. Authors report the result of hemangioma in mid-foot which arise from removal of a pigmented villonodular synovitis that has low out break rate of benign tumor in mid-foot with literature review.

• Mycobiology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.143-147
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• 2006

In the present study, in order to investigate the anti-proliferative phenomenon of PLME, the effects of mycelial extract of Phellinus linteus (PLME) on the growth of human lung carcinoma cell line A549 was examined. We studied on the effects of PLME on the release of nitric oxide (NO) in mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 cells. Treatment of PLME to A549 cells resulted in the growth inhibition, morphological change and induction of apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner as measured by MTT assay. We found that PLME stimulated a dose-dependent increase in NO production. These findings suggest that PLME enhances the anti-tumoral activity of macrophage and may be a potential therapeutic agent for the control of human lung carcinoma cells.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2000

A crystallographic unit cell can be transformed into another one by a 3×3 transformantion matrix. If the determinant of the transformation matrix has a negative value, the newly transformed unit cell becomes a left-handed cell. The best way of transforming the left-handed cell to the right-handed one is to multiply each element of the transformation matrix by-1, and its corresponding transformation matrix must be applied tot he atomic coordinates of a noncentrosymmetric crystal so as to maintain the absolute configuration unchanged. The behaviour of absolute configuration caused by transforming the crystallographic unit cell was examined theoretically and experimentally on the compound (S)-(+)-4-phenyl-1-[4-aminobenzoyl) indoline-5-sulfonyl]-4,5-dihydro-2-imidazolone hydrochloride.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.581-587
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• 2011

This paper presents a senior-level embedded software design course using a customized training kit. Embedded software design courses commonly entail a lot of practice hours and a semester-long project and thus requires a hardware platform on which the embedded software runs. A training kit has been designed such that both hardware system and operating system are not too complicated or heavy for undergraduate students to fully understand and to develop embedded software on their own. The course using the customized training kit gives the students hands-on experience of embedded software design and programming ranging from device drivers to user interface, thereby enabling them to have in-depth understanding of embedded software and to improve their programming skills more easily and faster than when using commercial training kits.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.571-579
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a taegyo program on parents-fetal attachment and parenthood in first pregnancy couples (mothers and spouses). Methods: The research design was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest experiment. Study participants were 52 first pregnancy couples visiting two medium-scale obstetrics and gynecology clinics located in Gwangju. A total of 52 couples were assigned to the experimental group (25 couples) and the control group (27 couples). The experimental couples were provided with a taegyo program for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed by chi square test, t-test, and ANCOVA using the SPSS program. Results: Post-treatment maternal- fetal attachment, paternal-fetal attachment and motherhood significantly increased in the experimental group as compared to the control group, but post-treatment fatherhood, anxiety, blood pressure and pulse of participants in the experimental group showed no significant difference from those in the control group. Conclusion: From these results, it is suggested that the taegyo program has beneficial effects in enhancing parent-fetal attachment and motherhood in first pregnancy couples. Therefore, a taegyo program can be recommended as a nursing intervention program for first pregnancy couples.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.204-210
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• 2012

Sulfur has been used as a general physical strengthening agent from ancient times in Asia. On the basis of this point, we measured spermatogenic effect of sulfur and methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) which is used a functional food for arthritis in rats. MSM, a kind of organic sulfur, is used as an alternative of sulfur by some people. Sulfur was administered as a dietary supplement and MSM was administered orally as a solution to 7 week old rat for 6 weeks. All sulfur administered groups showed a significant dose dependent increase in the number of sperm in the testes compared with the control group. Moreover, a histological examination showed an apparent increase in the number of seminiferous tubular cell layers in the testes of the sulfur treated rats. However, there were no observed any increase of sperm in MSM dosing group. In sulfur treated rats, the weights of body, liver, spleen, kidney, testes and epididymides didn't show significantly differences compared with the control. Histopathological examination was not revealed any morphological change in the liver, spleen and kidney. Thus, sulfur may be effectively used to treat sperm deficiency of men, but not MSM.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.320-326
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• 2008

The output characteristics of a laser-diode pumped electrooptic Q-switched Nd:YAG ceramic laser were investigated. The output energy of a Q-switched Nd:YAG ceramic laser was optimized under an output coupler reflectivity of 77%, a laser-diode pulse width of $1,000\;{\mu}s$, and a delay time of $985\;{\mu}s$. The output energy of the Q-switched pulse was measured to be 0.35 mJ with a pulse width of 4 ns under a pump energy of 17.9 mJ. The output efficiency and the peak power were 1.9% and 87.5 kW, respectively.