• KSBB Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.132-138
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• 1992

Sprial adaptation technique of conditioned media has been applied to cultivate human cell line which can not survive in a serum free mdium without adding any growth factors in basal medium Doubling time and scu-PA production from serum free adapted cells were 5 days and 890 (IU/mL), respectively in a T-flask, whose values were not much lower than the productivity of 1100(IU/mL) from 5% serum containing medium. It was required to use conditioned media for attaching cells on microcarriers when cells were inoculated into a spinner vessel. Then, cells could continuously grow in serum free medium with having specific growth rate of 0.106 (1/day) and specific scu-PA production rate of $1.58{\times}10_{-5}$(IU/cell/day) in batch cultivation.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.947-954
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• 2015

To select suitable spray chrysanthemum cultivars for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, thirty-nine (39) spray cultivars bred in the National Institutes of Korea and a standard cultivar Jinba from Japan were collected and tested for regeneration rate and Agrobacterium infection assays. MS medium with $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IAA and $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ BAP was used for shoot regeneration from leaf disks and internodes. The shoot regeneration rate in leaf disks was the highest in cultivar BRM, followed by cultivars VS, WW and YTM. The cultivar JB (Jinba) used as a transformation material in previous reports ranked similarly to cultivars PK and SPP. In shoot regeneration from internodes, the shoot regeneration rate was the highest for cultivar PA, followed by cultivar WW. The infection rate of leaves and internodes of 40 chrysanthemum cultivars with agrobacterium was investigated. Cultivars WPP, YNW, VS, PP, WW, FA, PA and YMN showed the highest infection levels in leaves, whereas cultivars WPP, PA, PK and YNW had the highest infection levels in internodes. Considering all of these results, cultivars VS and WW were the most appropriate for gene transformation of chrysanthemum using leaves, while cultivar PA was for internodes.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.117-127
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• 2001

The high-level expression of a human single chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scu-PA) was achieved by employing a methotrexate (MTX)-dependent gene amplification system in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. By cotransfecting and coamplifying a scu-PA expression plasmid and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) minigene, several scu-PA expressing CHO cell lines were selected and gene-amplified. These recombinant cell lines, NGpUKs, secreted a completely processed scu-PA of 54 kD and up to 60mg/L was accumulated in the culture medium when they were adapted to an optimal MTX concentration. Over 95% of the scu-PA expressed was secreted in the culture medium and identified having the proper function of a plasminogen activator when activated by plasmin. Based on a genomic Southern analysis, a representative subclone, MGpUK-5, exhibited MTX-dependent scu-PA gene amplification, plus the initial single-copy gene of scu-PA eventually turned into about 150 copies of the amplified gene of scu-PA after gradual adaptation to 2.0$\mu$M of MTX. Meanwhile, the transcripts kof the scu-PA gene increased, although -early saturation of transcription was identified at 0.1$\mu$M of MTX. The scu-PA production by the MGpUK-5 subclone also increased relative to the gene amplification and increased transcripts, however, the relationship was not linearly proportional. Accordingly, since the MGpUK cell lines expressed elevated levels of enzymatically active scu-PA, these cell lines could be applied to the largescale production of scu-PA.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2020

Objectives: Oxidative stress-mediated neuroinflammation has been supposed as a crucial factor that contributes to the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective activity against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation of protocatechuic acid (PA), active phenolic compound from Momordica Charantia. Methods: Protective activity of PA from oxidative stress was performed under in vitro conditions. Our study investigated the protective mechanism of PA from neuroinflammation in cellular system using C6 glial cell. To investigate the improvement the effects on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, we induced oxidative stress by H₂O₂ (100 μM) stimulation and induced neuroinflammation by treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 ㎍/mL) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) (10 ng/mL) in C6 glial cells. Results: PA showed strong radical scavenging effect against 1,1-dipenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, hydroxy radical (·OH) and nitric oxide (NO). Under oxidative stress treated by H₂O₂, the result showed the increased mRNA expressions of oxidative stress markers such as nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide (iNOS). However, the treatment of PA led to reduced mRNA expressions of NF-κB, COX-2 and iNOS. Moreover, PA attenuated the production of interleukin-6 and scavenged NO generated by both endotoxin LPS and IFN-γ together. Furthermore, it also reduced LPS and IFN-γ-induced mRNA expressions of iNOS and COX-2. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results collectively suggest that PA, phenolic compound of Momordica Charantia, could be a safe anti-oxidant and a promising anti-neuroinflammatory molecule for neurodegenerative diseases.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.425-434
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• 2002

Mobility of service users makes location update and paging (L/P) procedures indispensable features in mobile communication networks. Importance of optimizing the configuration of L/P areas has been increased by the growth of L/P related signaling. In this study, we deal with the L/P configuration which an LA (Location Area) may contain multiple PAs (Paging Areas). Given the network topology, L/P related parameters, and traffics generated by each cell, is provided the problem of finding optimal LA/PA configuration minimizing the amount of L/P related signaling. The optimization problem is solved using a simulated annealing, and detailed computational results are conducted to capture the effects of mobility, call arrival patterns and boundary crossing rate on the LA and PA configurations.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.457-462
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• 2002

Low Electromagnetic Field (EMF) intensity in the range of $1{\mu}T\;to\;10{\mu}T$(Tesla) was found to enhance the growth of CHO cells and the production of tPA in batch and perfusion cultivations. At $1{\mu}T\;intensity,\;1.3{\times}10^7$ viable cells/ml of maximum cell density and 80 mg/l of maximum tPA production were obtained in batch cultivation, compared to $2.8{\times}10^6$ viable cells/ml and 59 mg tPA/1 in unexposed case (control). A similar trend was observed in the perfusion process, where it was possible to obtain $1.2{\times}10^7$ viable cells/ml of maximum cell density and 81 mg tPA/l of maximum tPA production by more than 80 days of cultivation. However, there was not much difference between $1{\mu}T\;and\;10{\mu}T$ in perfusion cultivation, possibly due to better environmental growth conditions being maintained by continuous feeding of fresh medium into the reactor. On the contrary, both cell growth and tPA production were severely inhibited at higher than 1 mT intensity, showing no growth at 10 mT exposure. Specific growth rate was linearly correlated to specific tPA production rate at $1{\mu}T$EMF intensity, which represents a partially growth-related relationship. It was also found that a large amount of $Ca^2+$ was released at low EMF intensity, even though the cell growth was not much affected. Low EMF intensity significantly improved both cell growth and tPA production, and tPA production seemed to be more affected than the cell growth, possibly due to the changes of cell membrane characteristics. It can be concluded that the elaboration of EMF intensity less than $10{\mu}T$ could improve cell growth and tPA production, but mainly tPA secretion through batch or perfusion process in a bioreactor.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.401-412
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• 2013

Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is an oriental herbal preparation obtained from Panax ginseng Meyer (Araliaceae). To expand our understanding of the action of KRG on central nervous system (CNS) function, we examined the effects of KRG on tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)/plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in rat primary astrocytes. KRG extract was treated in cultured rat primary astrocytes and neuron in a concentration range of 0.1 to 1.0 mg/mL and the expression of functional tPA/PAI-1 was examined by casein zymography, Western blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. KRG extracts increased PAI-1 expression in rat primary astrocytes in a concentration dependent manner (0.1 to 1.0 mg/mL) without affecting the expression of tPA itself. Treatment of 1.0 mg/mL KRG increased PAI-1 protein expression in rat primary astrocytes to $319.3{\pm}65.9%$ as compared with control. The increased PAI-1 expression mediated the overall decrease in tPA activity in rat primary astrocytes. Due to the lack of PAI-1 expression in neuron, KRG did not affect tPA activity in neuron. KRG treatment induced a concentration dependent activation of PI3K, p38, ERK1/2, and JNK in rat primary astrocytes and treatment of PI3K or MAPK inhibitors such as LY294002, U0126, SB203580, and SP600125 (10 ${\mu}M$ each), significantly inhibited 1.0 mg/mL KRG-induced expression of PAI-1 and down-regulation of tPA activity in rat primary astrocytes. Furthermore, compound K but not other ginsenosides such as Rb1 and Rg1 induced PAI-1 expression. KRG-induced up-regulation of PAI-1 in astrocytes may play important role in the regulation of overall tPA activity in brain, which might underlie some of the beneficial effects of KRG on CNS such as neuroprotection in ischemia and brain damaging condition as well as prevention or recovery from addiction.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1097-1101
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• 2023

As paprika plants grew in a glass greenhouse from November 2022 to March 2023, the amount of light at each plant height, leaf temperature, transpiration rate, and water vapor pressure were measured. Accumulated leaf temperature was higher at the top of the plant than at the bottom. Over time, the leaf temperature measured around 11-13 AM changed from 26.55→23.21→22.80→26.67℃ in the lower part (pL), and from 26.52→24.48→24.55→27.78℃ in the upper part (pAs). And VPD changed from 1.45→0.94→0.74→1.46kPa in pL and from 1.11→0.86→0.71→1.28kPa in pAs. Accordingly, the transpiration rate changed from 4.25→0.17→4.08→0.52mmol·m^-2·s^-1 in pL, 7.61→2.45→1.94→4.39→0.52mmol·m^-2·s^-1 in pAs, and from pAs to pL. It was significantly higher than The difference between the lower and upper parts (pL-pAs) was higher in pAs than pL in leaf temperature, light intensity, and transpiration rate, but the water vapor pressure difference was higher in pL. In this way, paprika shows differences in the environment and photosynthetic factors between the upper and lower parts during the cultivation period, so it is judged that this needs to be taken into consideration in future research.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2006

To mass-product useful biopolymer films, chitosan/gelatin blend films were prepared by solution casting method. Effect of mixing ratio, tensile strength(TS), elongation(${\Delta}E$) at break, total color difference(E), water vapor permeability(WVP) and oxygen permeability(OP) on chitosan/gelatin blend films properties were investigated. TS, ${\Delta}E$, E, WVP and OP values of chitosan/gelatin blend films were 43.43-38.30 MPa, 9.02-15.09%, 1.28-3.81, $0.8420-0.9673ng{\cdot}m/m^2{\cdot}s{\cdot}Pa$ and $1.5472{\times}10^{-7}-1.5424{\times}10^{-7}mL{\cdot}{\mu}m/m^2{\cdot}s{\cdot}Pa$, respectively. TS of the blend films decreased, while E and E of the blend films increased with increasing chitosan content. WVP and OP of the blend films did not show any significant relationship with mixing ratio and thickness of the blend films. OP of the blend films were lower than those of low density polyethylene and oriented polypropylene.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 1992

Artemisia annua contains the antimalarial principle, artemisinin. The possibility of the production of this compound through tissue culture technique was studied. The optimum combinations of hormones for the induction of callus were p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid(pcPA) and 6-benzylaminopurine(BAP) or pcPA and N-isopentenylaminopurine(2iP) in 0.05 mg/l each. For the growth of callus, the same combination of pcPA and BAP was optimum in concentrations of $1.0\;{\mu}M\;and\;0.5\;{\mu}M$, respectively, and the optimal concentration of sucrose was also found to be 2%(w/v). Tissue culture from the crown gall grew faster than normal callus. In the suspension culture broth and the cells of normal callus or Agrobacterium-transformed tumors, arteannuic acid and 11,12-dihydroarteannuic acid were found together with common phytosterols, whereas artemisinin was not found.