• BMB Reports
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.670-677
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• 2008

A cDNA microarray composed of 2,028 different ESTs from two shrimp species, Penaeus monodon and Masupenaeus japonicus, was employed to identify yellow head virus (YHV)-responsive genes in hemocytes of P. monodon. A total of 105 differentially expressed genes were identified and grouped into five different clusters according to their expression patterns. One of these clusters, which comprised five genes including cathepsin L-like cysteine peptidase, hypothetical proteins and unknown genes, was of particular interest because the transcripts increased rapidly ($\leq$ 0.25 hours) and reached high expression levels in response to YHV injection. Microarray data were validated by realtime RT-PCR analyses of selected differentially expressed transcripts. In addition, comparative analysis of the hemocyte transcription levels of three of these genes between surviving and non-surviving shrimp revealed significantly higher expression levels in surviving shrimp.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.236-241
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• 1994

The crystal structures of $Cd_6-A$ evacuated at $2{\times}10^{-6}$ Torr and 750$^{\circ}$C (a=12.216(l) ${\AA}$), and of the product of its reaction with Rb vapor (a= 12.187(l) ${\AA}$), have been determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Pm$\bar{3}$m at 21(l)$^{\circ}$C. Their structures were refined to the final error indices, $R_1$=0.055 and $R_2$=0.067 with 191 reflections, and $R_1$=0.066 and $R_2$=0.049 with 90 reflections, respectively, for which I>3${\sigma}$(I). In dehydrated $Cd_6-A$, six $Cd^{2+}$ ions are found at two different threefold-axis sites near six-oxygen ring centers. Four $Cd^{2+}$ ions are recessed 0.50 ${\AA}$ into the sodalite cavity from the (111) plane at O(3), and the other two extend 0.28 ${\AA}$ into the large cavity from this plane. Treatment at 250 $^{\circ}$C with 0.1 Torr of Rb vapor reduces all $Cd^{2+}$ ions to give $Rb_{13.5^-}$A. Rb species are found at three crystallographic sites: three $Rb^+$ ions lie at eight-oxygen-ring centers, filling that position, and ca. 10.5 $Rb^+$ ions lie on threefold axes, 8.0 in the large cavity and 2.5 in the sodalite cavity. In this structure, ca. 1.5 Rb species more than the 12 $Rb^+$ ions needed to balance the anionic charge of zeolite framework are found, indicating that sorption of $Rb^0$ has occurred. The occupancies observed can be most simply explained by two "unit cell" compositions, $Rb_{12^-}A{\cdot}Rb$ and $Rb_{12^-}A{\cdot}2Rb$, of approximately equal population. In sodalite cavities, $Rb_{12^-}A{\cdot}Rb$ would have a $(Rb_2)^+$ cluster and $Rb_{12^-}A{\cdot}2Rb$ would have a triangular $(Rb_3)^+$ cluster. Each of the atoms of these clusters must bind further through a six-oxygen ring to a large cavity $Rb^+$ to give $(Rb_4)^{3+}$ (linear) and $(Rb_6)^{4+}$ (trigonal). Other unit-cell compositions and other cationic cluster compositions such as $(Rb_8)^{n+}$ may exist.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.238-249
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• 2009

The genus Listeria consists of six closely related species and forms three phylogenetic groups: L. monocytogenes-L. innocua, L. ivanovii-L. seeligeri-L. welshimeri, and L. grayi. In this report, we attempted to examine the evolutionary relationship in the L. monocytogenes-L. innocua group by probing the nucleotide sequences of 23S rRNA and 16S rRNA, and the gene clusters lmo0029-lmo0042, ascB-dapE, rplS-infC, and prs-ldh in L. monocytogenes serovars 1/2a, 4a, and 4b, and L. innocua. Additionally, we assessed the status of L. monocytogenes-specific inlA and inlB genes and 10 L. innocua-specific genes in these species/serovars, together with phenotypic characterization by using in vivo and in vitro procedures. The results indicate that L. monocytogenes serovar 4a strains are genetically similar to L. innocua in the lmo0035-lmo0042, ascB-dapE, and rplS-infC regions and also possess L. innocua-specific genes lin0372 and lin1073. Furthermore, both L. monocytogenes serovar 4a and L. innocua exhibit impaired intercellular spread ability and negligible pathogenicity in mouse model. On the other hand, despite resembling L. monocytogenes serovars 1/2a and 4b in having a nearly identical virulence gene cluster, and inlA and inlB genes, these serovar 4a strains differ from serovars 1/2a and 4b by harboring notably altered actA and plcB genes, displaying strong phospholipase activity and subdued in vivo and in vitro virulence. Thus, by possessing many genes common to L. monocytogenes serovars 1/2a and 4b, and sharing many similar gene deletions with L. innocua, L. monocytogenes serovar 4a represents a possible evolutionary intermediate between L. monocytogenes serovars 1/2a and 4b and L. innocua.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.978-984
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• 2010

This paper examines the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and how it reacts to the presence of mucin in its extracellular milieu. Parameters studied included cell clustering, adhesion to mucin, extracellular protein production, and formation of final metabolites. L. rhamnosus GG was found to grow efficiently in the presence of glucose, N-acetylglucosamine, or mucin (partially purified or purified) as sole carbon sources. However, it was unable to grow using other mucin constituents, such as fucose or glucuronic acid. Mucin induced noticeable changes in all the parameters studied when compared with growth using glucose, including in the formation of cell clusters, which were easily disorganized with trypsin. Mucin increased adhesion of the bacterium, and modulated the production of extracellular proteins. SDS-PAGE revealed that mucin was not degraded during L. rhamnosus GG growth, suggesting that this bacterium is able to partially use the glucidic moiety of glycoprotein. This study goes some way towards developing an understanding of the metabolic and physiological changes that L. rhamnosus GG undergoes within the human gastrointestinal tract.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.959-967
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• 2005

The color of apparels has the interaction of the face skin colors of the wearers. This study was carried out to classify the face skin colors of Korean males into several similar face skin colors in order to extract favorable colors which flatter to their face skin colors. The criterion that select the new subjects who have the classified face skin colors have to be decided. With color spectrometer, JX-777, face skin colors of subjects were measured quantitatively and classified into three clusters that had similar hue, value and chroma with Munsell Color System. Sample size was 418 Korean males and other 15 of new males subjects. Data were analyzed by K-means cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan multiple range test, Stepwise discriminant analysis using SPSS Win. 12. Findings were as follows: 1. 418 subjects who have YR colors were clustered into 3 kinds of face skin color groups. 2. Discriminant variables of face skin colors was 4 variables : L value of forehead, v value of cheek, c value of forehead, and b value of cheek from standardized canonical discriminant function coefficient 1 and c value of forehead, L value of forehead, b value of cheek. and L value of cheek from standardized canonical discriminant function coefficient 2. 3. Hit ratio of type 1 was $92.3\%$, of type 2 was $96.5\%$ and of type 3 was $92.6\%$ by the canonical discriminant function of 4 variables. 4. The canonical discriminant function equation 1 and 2 were calculated with the unstandardized canonical discriminant function coefficient and constant, the cutting score, and range of the score were computed. 5. The criterion that select the new subjects who have the classified face skin colors was decided.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate basic information on genetic structure and characteristics of Limousin population in Hungary. Obtained results will be taken into consideration when adopting the new breeding strategy by the Association of Hungarian Limousin and Blonde d'Aquitaine Breeders (AHLBB). Methods: Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of 3,443 Limousin cattle from 16 different herds were investigated by performing genotyping using 18 microsatellite markers. Amplified DNA was genotyped using an automated genetic analyzer. Results: Mean of effective alleles ($n_e$) of the populations was 3.77. Population C had the lowest number of effective alleles (3.01) and the lowest inbreeding coefficient ($F_{IS}$) value (-0.15). Principal component analysis of estimated genetic distance ($F_{ST}$) values (p<0.000) revealed two herds (C and E) distinct from the majority of other Limousin herds. The pairwise $F_{ST}$ values of population C compared to the others (0.066 to 0.120) fell into the range of moderate genetic distance: 0.050 to 0.150, while population E displayed also moderate genetic distance ($F_{ST}$ values in range 0.052 to 0.064) but only to six populations (G, H, J, L, N, and P). $F_{ST(C-E)}$ was 0.148, all other pairs -excluding C and E herds- displayed low genetic distance ($F_{ST}$<0.049). Population D, F, I, J, K, L, N, O, and P carried private alleles, which alleles belonged to 1.1% of the individuals. Most probable number of clusters (K) were 2 and 7 determined by Structure and BAPS software. Conclusion: This study showed useful genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship data that can be utilized for the development of a new breeding strategy by AHLBB. The results presented could also contribute to the proper selection of animals for further whole genome scan studies of Limousins.

• 천문학논총
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2012

AKARI's all-sky survey resolves the far-infrared emission in many thousands of nearby galaxies, providing essential local benchmarks against which the evolution of high-redshift populations can be measured. This review presents some recent results in the resolved galaxy populations, covering some well-known nearby targets, as well as samples from major legacy surveys such as the Herschel Reference Survey and the JCMT Nearby Galaxies Survey. This review also discusses the prospects for higher redshifts surveys, including strong gravitational lens clusters and the AKARI NEP field.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.919-927
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• 2007

Antagonistic fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from rhizospheric soil of rice were characterized by 16S rRNA amplicon and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analyses. Antagonistic isolates were grown in the fermentation media, and production of antibiotics was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Production of fungal cell-wall-degrading enzymes such as protease, cellulase, pectinase, and chitinase was determined. Dendrogram based on the major and differentiating fatty acids resulted into 5 clusters, viz., cluster I (P. pseudoalcaligenes group), cluster II (P. plecoglossicida group), cluster III (P. fluorescens group), cluster IV (P. aeruginosa group), and cluster V (P. putida group). Characteristic presence of high relative proportions of cyclopropane (17:0 CYCLO w7c) was observed in antagonistic bacteria. Data revealed biodiversity among antagonistic fluorescent pseudomonads associated with the rice rhizosphere. Results presented in this study will help to identify the antagonistic isolates and to determine their mechanisms that mediate antagonism against fungal pathogens of rice.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.91-107
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• 1987

This study is concerned with some methods and applications, used as a basis on information and entropy analysis of vegetation data. These methods are adopted for the evaluating the effect of sampling intensity on information, which repersnets the departure of observed variable from standard component. Classes on the data matrix are caluculated by using marginal dispersion array for rank and weighting information program. Finally the information and entropy are computed by applying seven options. On the application of vegetation studies, two models for cluster analysis and analysis of concentration are explained in detail. Cluster analysis is based on use of equivocation information and Rajski's metrics. The analysis of concentration utilizes coherence coefficience being transformed values, which has been adjusted from blocks and entropy values. The relationship btween three begetation clusters and four stands of Naejangsan data is highly significant in 79% of total variance. Cluster A relatively tends to prefer north side, and cluster C south side.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.603-607
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• 2001

This paper is based on the 36 wild Japanese quails which migrated to and settled in the Weishan Lake area. The gene frequency of 10 loci encoding the enzymes in viscera and muscle was detected. After collecting the same data about 20 quail colonies in China and other countries, it clusters the 21 quail populations by fuzzy cluster analysis. The study indicates that the wild Japanese quail in the Weishan Lake area is closer to domestic quail for phylogenetic system than wild Japanese quails in Japanese Islands. The paper supports the thesis that the quail domestication area should be further studied.