• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.447-450
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• 2004

Overall migration through epoxy layer coated wood was investigated to estimate the coating thickness satisfying the regulatory limit. As an index of overall migration, KMnO$_4$ oxidizable extractives by the food simulant water solution was used. Migration pattern in interest range could described by a simple diffusion model and the temperature dependence of the permeability index could be explained by Arrhenius equation. The thickness of epoxy coating greater than 0.004 mm was analyzed to be required for satisfying the regulatory guideline.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.426-438
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• 2011

This study set out to investigate the effects of 16-week nutrition education and exercise intervention run by a public health center on the physical activities and dietary patterns of obese children at the before, after, and after one month point. After the program, the obese index of the obese children dropped by 5.9% from 38.4% to 32.5%. One month after the end of the program, their obese index increased by 1.4% to 33.9% (p < 0.001). The obese children's hours of walking of physical activities increased to 2.6 hours from 1.2 hours after the program and remained at the 2.6 hours range one month after the end of the program (p < 0.01). The total scores of their food habits increased to 10.4 points from 9.1 points after the program and 10.3 points one month after the end of the program with significant differences (p < 0.01). The total scores of their eating behavior made a significant increase to 6.5 points from 5.3 points after the program and then dropped to 5.9 points one month after the end of the program (p < 0.05). As for changes to their dietary pattern scores according to the obese index, only the food habits scores showed significant main effects of term (p < 0.05). According to these results, there is still a need to develop proper programs to help them increase regular exercise, improve their physical activities by cutting down time with TV, computer, Internet, and video games, and enhance their nutritional knowledge and to provide them with ongoing management and guidance until the improved food habits and eating behavior become part of their habits.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.460-466
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• 2006

To investigate the effects of dietary patterns on bone mineral density and its biochemical markers among Korean healthy college women for 2 years, 34 female college students were recruited through convenience sampling. Bone mineral density was measured using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) twice at baseline and two years later. Osteocalcin and parathyroid hormone were measured in fasting serum and N-teleopeptides of type collagen (NTx) in urine. Dietary intake was assessed by 24-hour recall method 8 times with average 4-month interval. Dietary patterns with percent energy of each food group using cluster analysis were classified into two groups. The first cluster (n = 16) was characterized with high consumption of bread, snack, fast foods, beverage and considerable of rice so it was determined as 'Modified dietary pattern group'. The second cluster was characterized with high consumption of rice and kimchi so determined as 'Traditional dietary pattern group'. There were no significant difference of age, menarcheal age, body mass index but percent of body fat by pattern groups. The traditional group showed higher value of bone mineral density among lumber spine and all femur sites at baseline and 2 years later but it was not significant after adjusted for percent of body fat. Serum osteocalcin and urine NTx was higher among the traditional group at baseline than the modified group. There were similar proportions of carbohydrate:fat:protein between groups but significantly higher intake of protein, iron, vitamin A among the traditional group. In conclusion, there were two distinctive dietary patterns among Korean college women. There was difference of bone mineral density and its biochemical markers between two patterns. Further research would be necessary to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and health risks for larger-sized and various populations.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.349-356
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• 2012

Several studies have been conducted on dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition in Asian populations. We examined the cross-sectional associations in dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition, including the glycemic index (GI) with dyslipidemia and diabetes among the Korean adult population. We analyzed 9,725 subjects (3,795 men and 5,930 women, ${\geq}$ 20 years) from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary information was collected using single 24-hour recall. Reduced rank regression was used to derive dietary patterns from 22 food groups as predictor variables and four dietary factors related to the quantity and quality of carbohydrates as response variables. Two dietary patterns were identified: 1) the balanced pattern was characterized by high intake of various kinds of foods including white rice, and 2) the rice-oriented pattern was characterized by a high intake of white rice but low intake of vegetables, fruits, meat, and dairy products. Both patterns had considerable amounts of total carbohydrate, but GI values differed. The rice-oriented pattern was positively associated with hypertriglyceridemia in men and low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in both men and women. The balanced pattern had no overall significant association with the prevalence of dyslipidemia or diabetes, however, men with energy intake above the median showed a reduced prevalence of diabetes across quintiles of balanced pattern scores. The results show that dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition are associated with prevalence of dyslipidemia and diabetes in the Korean adult population.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.342-349
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the information concerning dietary patterns in middle school students. The subjects of this study were 420(underweight 140, normalweight 140, overweight 140) middle school students. We investigated eating habits, life habits, food attitude. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed with the SAS program(Version 8.1). The results of investigation are summarized and concluded as follows ; The average BMI of underweight was 18.3kg/$m^2$ , normalweight was 22.2kg/$m^2$ , overweight was 26.6kg/$m^2$ . In the case of eating habit, the overweight group shows that low frequency of meal and high of skipping meal than the others group. Also in Life habit, the overweight group shows longer of watching TV and using computer. The score of food attitude was also high in over weight group. This study can´t represent the whole middle school students in Seoul. So the survey for the whole students should be followed. We can expect to offer basic data for effective nutrition education by studying.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2003

This study was to investigate obesity and food habit of adolescents in Yosu, Chonnam area. It was surveyed using questionnaires with 551 adolescents consisted of 280 boys and 271 girls. The questionnaire included general charac-teristics, obesity index, eating behavior and snack intake pattern. The results were as follows. The proportion of obese subjects was 10% by Rohrer index but the rate of obesity by body mass index was 3.3%. The self perception of body shape were optimal (47.9%), fat (29.8%), slightly lean (14.5%), obese (4.7%) and lean (3.1%). Generally, the propor-tion of girls responded them as “fat” was greater than boys. The greater percentage of boys responded them as “lean” than girls. The subjects don't take breakfast regularly were 50.8% and the main reason for skipping breakfast was the lack of time (55.2%). The main type of breakfast was cooked rice (78.9%). The most favorite snacks hun out to be cookies (36.5%) and 45.7% of subjects take snacks during the rest. The reason for taking snacks was “feeling hungry” (52.6％) and the taste was the most important factor of snack choice. The results of this study showed that the most of subjects were not in a serious obesity condition, and their eating habits were generally satisfactory. Also, this study has found that it is necessary to educate the students the importance of regular intake of a balanced meal. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(2) : 129∼137, 2003)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.336-340
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• 1995

Urinary excretion of total amino acids was measrued in normal and diabetic rats, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats excreted increased amount of urinary total amino acids and nitrogen. This suggested increased degradation of body protein. Although excretion of total amino acids increased in the diabetic rats, the amino acid pattern of amino acids for both groups were very similar. The efficiency of dietary protein utilization was significantly lower in diabetic rats then that of normal rats. Streptozotocin injeciton affected the urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine whereas diet did not. These findings suggest that the rate of urinary excretion of total amino acids can be empolyed as an index of protein metabolism, particulary as a simple index in the assesing the status of protein nutrition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 1991

Nutritional factors affecting the urinary excretion of acid-soluble peptides(ASP) in rats were studied using protein-free diet, gluten diet, casein diet, and gluten supplemented with lysine and threonine(GLT) diet. The content of urinary ASP was lowest in protein-free diet group among the four kinds of diets above. But the amino acid pattern of urinary ASP in the four dietary groups were similar each other, suggesting that urinary ASP is mainly from endogenous origin under these nutritional conditions. The efficiency of dietary protein utilization was significantly lower in gluten diet than that of casein diet or GLT diet. Those findings suggest that the rate of urinary excretion of ASP-form amino acids can be employed as an index of protein metabolism, particularly as a simple index in the assessing the status of protein nutrition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.356-374
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• 1990

This paper proposes to research on the actual conditions of dietary life of some children with similar living standard. They were in the 4th and 5th grades of two elementary schools located at Tongrae-ku Pusan City and the survey period was from March to April in 1989. One part was 0 elementary school childern with school lunch and the other part was ones in K elementary school without school lunch. This survey shows the effect of nutrition education of school lunch on the intake of food and nutrient the pattern of food consumption and untrient intake and the knowledge level of nutrition and results in calling attention to the importance of school lunch and the necessity f its expanded paractice and bringing up some problems to be solved in order to excute more improved program of school lunch. As the results of analysis first the school lunch group demonstrated desirable pattern of food consumption and nutrient intake school lunch aims at by the effect of nutritional education of the scheduled school lunch program and turned out to be superior in food and nutrient intake. physical index and level of nutrient knowledte to the non school lunch group. Secondly since both groups show the lack of calcium intake it is necessary to establish a meal plan to increase calcium source and in order to improve the quality of school lunch it is desirable to plan a program considering proper amount of meal service by age and sex selection of menu based on preference research various cooking methods and and food mixing fit for standard food consitiution of school lunch.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

North Korea has frequently suffered from extreme agricultural crop droughts, which have led to food shortages, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The increasing frequency of extreme droughts, due to global warming and climate change, has increased the importance of enhancing the national capacity for drought management. Historically, a meteorological drought index based on data collected from weather stations has been widely used. But it has limitations in terms of the distribution of weather stations and the spatial pattern of drought impacts. Satellite-based data can be obtained with the same accuracy and at regular intervals, and is useful for long-term change analysis and environmental monitoring and wide area access in time and space. The Evaporative Stress Index (ESI), a satellite-based drought index using the ratio of potential and actual evaporation, is being used to detect drought response as a index of the droughts occurring rapidly over short periods of time. It is more accurate and provides faster analysis of drought conditions compared to the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), and the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). In this study, we analyze drought events during 2015-2017 in North Korea using the ESI satellite-based drought index to determine drought response by comparing with it with the SPI and SPEI drought indices.