Nutrition Research and Practice

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition are associated with the risk for diabetes and dyslipidemia

  • Song, Su-Jin (Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University) ;
  • Lee, Jung-Eun (Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University) ;
  • Paik, Hee-Young (Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University) ;
  • Park, Min-Sun (Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Song, Yoon-Ju (School of Human Ecology, The Catholic University of Korea)
  • Received : 2012.02.29
  • Accepted : 2012.07.23
  • Published : 2012.08.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Several studies have been conducted on dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition in Asian populations. We examined the cross-sectional associations in dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition, including the glycemic index (GI) with dyslipidemia and diabetes among the Korean adult population. We analyzed 9,725 subjects (3,795 men and 5,930 women, ${\geq}$ 20 years) from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Dietary information was collected using single 24-hour recall. Reduced rank regression was used to derive dietary patterns from 22 food groups as predictor variables and four dietary factors related to the quantity and quality of carbohydrates as response variables. Two dietary patterns were identified: 1) the balanced pattern was characterized by high intake of various kinds of foods including white rice, and 2) the rice-oriented pattern was characterized by a high intake of white rice but low intake of vegetables, fruits, meat, and dairy products. Both patterns had considerable amounts of total carbohydrate, but GI values differed. The rice-oriented pattern was positively associated with hypertriglyceridemia in men and low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in both men and women. The balanced pattern had no overall significant association with the prevalence of dyslipidemia or diabetes, however, men with energy intake above the median showed a reduced prevalence of diabetes across quintiles of balanced pattern scores. The results show that dietary patterns based on carbohydrate nutrition are associated with prevalence of dyslipidemia and diabetes in the Korean adult population.

Keywords

References

  1. Hu FB, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Ascherio A, Spiegelman D, Willett WC. Prospective study of major dietary patterns and risk of coronary heart disease in men. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:912-921.
  2. Fung TT, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Hu FB. Dietary patterns and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:1857-1862. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.161.15.1857
  3. van Dam RM, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB. Dietary patterns and risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in U.S. men. Ann Intern Med 2002;136:201-209. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-3-200202050-00008
  4. Esmaillzadeh A, Kimiagar M, Mehrabi Y, Azadbakht L, Hu FB, Willett WC. Dietary patterns, insulin resistance, and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:910-918.
  5. Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Skoumas Y, Stefanadis C. The association between food patterns and the metabolic syndrome using principal components analysis: The ATTICA Study. J Am Diet Assoc 2007;107:979-987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2007.03.006
  6. Denova-Gutierrez E, Castanon S, Talavera JO, Gallegos-Carrillo K, Flores M, Dosamantes-Carrasco D, Willett WC, Salmeron J. Dietary patterns are associated with metabolic syndrome in an urban Mexican population. J Nutr 2010;140:1855-1863. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.110.122671
  7. Amini M, Esmaillzadeh A, Shafaeizadeh S, Behrooz J, Zare M. Relationship between major dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome among individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. Nutrition 2010;26:986-992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2010.03.006
  8. Sadakane A, Tsutsumi A, Gotoh T, Ishikawa S, Ojima T, Kario K, Nakamura Y, Kayaba K. Dietary patterns and levels of blood pressure and serum lipids in a Japanese population. J Epidemiol 2008;18:58-67. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.18.58
  9. Cai H, Zheng W, Xiang YB, Xu WH, Yang G, Li H, Shu XO. Dietary patterns and their correlates among middle-aged and elderly Chinese men: a report from the Shanghai Men's Health Study. Br J Nutr 2007;98:1006-1013.
  10. Song Y, Joung H. A traditional Korean dietary pattern and metabolic syndrome abnormalities. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2012;22:456-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2010.09.002
  11. Nanri A, Mizoue T, Yoshida D, Takahashi R, Takayanagi R. Dietary patterns and A1C in Japanese men and women. Diabetes Care 2008;31:1568-1573. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-0297
  12. Cho YA, Kim J, Cho ER, Shin A. Dietary patterns and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean women. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2011;21:893-900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2010.02.018
  13. Park SH, Lee KS, Park HY. Dietary carbohydrate intake is associated with cardiovascular disease risk in Korean: analysis of the third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III). Int J Cardiol 2010;139:234-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.10.011
  14. Kim K, Yun SH, Choi BY, Kim MK. Cross-sectional relationship between dietary carbohydrate, glycaemic index, glycaemic load and risk of the metabolic syndrome in a Korean population. Br J Nutr 2008;100:576-584. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114508904372
  15. Murakami K, Sasaki S, Takahashi Y, Okubo H, Hosoi Y, Horiguchi H, Oguma E, Kayama F. Dietary glycemic index and load in relation to metabolic risk factors in Japanese female farmers with traditional dietary habits. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;83:1161-1169.
  16. Hoffmann K, Schulze MB, Schienkiewitz A, Nöthlings U, Boeing H. Application of a new statistical method to derive dietary patterns in nutritional epidemiology. Am J Epidemiol 2004;159:935-944. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwh134
  17. Tucker KL. Dietary patterns, approaches, and multicultural perspective. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2010;35:211-218. https://doi.org/10.1139/H10-010
  18. Hoffmann K, Boeing H, Boffetta P, Nagel G, Orfanos P, Ferrari P, Bamia C. Comparison of two statistical approaches to predict all-cause mortality by dietary patterns in German elderly subjects. Br J Nutr 2005;93:709-716. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN20051399
  19. McNaughton SA, Mishra GD, Brunner EJ. Dietary patterns, insulin resistance, and incidence of type 2 diabetes in the Whitehall II Study. Diabetes Care 2008;31:1343-1348. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc07-1946
  20. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2011;34 Suppl 1:S62-S69.
  21. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002;106:3143-3421.
  22. Song Y, Joung H, Engelhardt K, Yoo SY, Paik HY. Traditional v. modified dietary patterns and their influence on adolescents' nutritional profile. Br J Nutr 2005;93:943-949. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN20051435
  23. Atkinson FS, Foster-Powell K, Brand-Miller JC. International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2008. Diabetes Care 2008;31:2281-2283. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc08-1239
  24. Foster-Powell K, Holt SH, Brand-Miller JC. International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002. Am J Clin Nutr 2002;76:5-56.
  25. Chen YJ, Sun FH, Wong SH, Huang YJ. Glycemic index and glycemic load of selected Chinese traditional foods. World J Gastroenterol 2010;16:1512-1517. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v16.i12.1512
  26. Salmerón J, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Wing AL, Willett WC. Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus in women. JAMA 1997;277:472-477. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1997.03540300040031
  27. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV). Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2009.
  28. Nanri A, Mizoue T, Noda M, Takahashi Y, Kato M, Inoue M, Tsugane S; Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study Group. Rice intake and type 2 diabetes in Japanese men and women: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92:1468-1477. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2010.29512
  29. Sun Q, Spiegelman D, van Dam RM, Holmes MD, Malik VS, Willett WC, Hu FB. White rice, brown rice, and risk of type 2 diabetes in US men and women. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:961-969. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2010.109
  30. Liang W, Lee AH, Binns CW. White rice-based food consumption and ischemic stroke risk: a case-control study in southern China. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2010;19:480-484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2009.09.003
  31. Ford ES, Mokdad AH. Fruit and vegetable consumption and diabetes mellitus incidence among U.S. adults. Prev Med 2001; 32:33-39. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2000.0772
  32. Pereira MA, Jacobs DR Jr, Van Horn L, Slattery ML, Kartashov AI, Ludwig DS. Dairy consumption, obesity, and the insulin resistance syndrome in young adults: the CARDIA Study. JAMA 2002;287:2081-2089. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.287.16.2081
  33. Baxter AJ, Coyne T, McClintock C. Dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome--a review of epidemiologic evidence. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2006;15:134-142.
  34. McKeown NM, Meigs JB, Liu S, Rogers G, Yoshida M, Saltzman E, Jacques PF. Dietary carbohydrates and cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Framingham offspring cohort. J Am Coll Nutr 2009;28:150-158. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2009.10719766
  35. Levitan EB, Cook NR, Stampfer MJ, Ridker PM, Rexrode KM, Buring JE, Manson JE, Liu S. Dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load, blood lipids, and C-reactive protein. Metabolism 2008;57:437-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2007.11.002
  36. Ford ES, Liu S. Glycemic index and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration among us adults. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:572-576. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.161.4.572
  37. Schulze MB, Liu S, Rimm EB, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and dietary fiber intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes in younger and middle-aged women. Am J Clin Nutr 2004;80:348-356.
  38. Hodge AM, English DR, O'Dea K, Giles GG. Glycemic index and dietary fiber and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004;27:2701-2706. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.11.2701
  39. Denova-Gutiérrez E, Huitrón-Bravo G, Talavera JO, Castañón S, Gallegos-Carrillo K, Flores Y, Salmerón J. Dietary glycemic index, dietary glycemic load, blood lipids, and coronary heart disease. J Nutr Metab 2010;2010. pii: 170680.
  40. Meyer KA, Kushi LH, Jacobs DR Jr, Slavin J, Sellers TA, Folsom AR. Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and incident type 2 diabetes in older women. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:921-930.
  41. Stevens J, Ahn K, Juhaeri, Houston D, Steffan L, Couper D. Dietary fiber intake and glycemic index and incidence of diabetes in African-American and white adults: the ARIC study. Diabetes Care 2002;25:1715-1721. https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.25.10.1715
  42. Choi MJ, Kim MK. Studies on nutrient intake, blood lipids, and body fat distribution in diabetics. J East Asian Soc Diet Life 1995;5:223-232.
  43. Kim WK, Lee KA. Comparisons of BMI, blood lipid profile, blood pressure and nutrient intakes by serum insulin concentrations. Korean J Nutr 1999;32:10-16.
  44. Slabber M, Badenhorst AM, Mollentze WM, Oosthuizen GM, Koning JM, Nel M. The role of nutrient intake in the aetiology of diabetes mellitus. S Afr Med J 2003;93:52-53.

Cited by

  1. Prevalence and Correlates of Dyslipidemia among Adults in Saudi Arabia: Results from a National Survey vol.02, pp.04, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4236/ojemd.2012.24014
  2. Nutritional Evaluation and Its Relation to the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome according to the Consumption of Cooked Rice and Cooked Rice with Multi-grains in Korean Adults: Based on 2007-2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey vol.18, pp.1, 2013, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2013.18.1.77
  3. An Evaluation of Chronic Disease Risk Based on the Percentage of Energy from Carbohydrates and the Frequency of Vegetable Intake in the Korean Elderly: Using the 2007-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey vol.20, pp.1, 2015, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.1.41
  4. Dietary Pattern and Metabolic Syndrome in Thai Adults vol.2015, pp.2090-0732, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/468759
  5. Dietary patterns and cognitive function in Korean older adults vol.54, pp.2, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-014-0713-0
  6. Dietary Patterns Derived by Cluster Analysis are Associated with Cognitive Function among Korean Older Adults vol.7, pp.6, 2015, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7064154
  7. Mixed grain containing giant embryonic brown rice improves postprandial glycaemic response in healthy subjects vol.73, pp.2, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1111/1747-0080.12187
  8. Dietary patterns and cardio-cerebrovascular disease in a Chinese population vol.9, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2015.9.3.313
  9. Association between dietary patterns and blood lipid profiles among Chinese women vol.19, pp.18, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1017/S136898001600197X
  10. Red Blood Cell Aggregation-Associated Dietary Pattern Predicts Hyperlipidemia and Metabolic Syndrome vol.10, pp.8, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10081127
  11. Dietary patterns and their association with the components of metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study of adults from northeast Thailand vol.7, pp.2046-1402, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15075.1
  12. Total energy intake according to the level of skeletal muscle mass in Korean adults aged 30 years and older: an analysis of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) 2008–2011 vol.12, pp.3, 2018, https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2018.12.3.222
  13. A Diabetes-Related Dietary Pattern Is Associated with Incident Diabetes in Obese Men in the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study vol.149, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy274
  14. Risk of Metabolic Syndrome according to Intake of White Rice and Kimchi in Korean Adults: based on the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013–2015 vol.23, pp.6, 2018, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2018.23.6.525
  15. Association between Dietary Patterns and Chronic Diseases among Chinese Adults in Baoji vol.2014, pp.None, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/548269
  16. Socio-economic position and cardiovascular risk in rural indian adolescents: evidence from the Andhra Pradesh children and parents study (APCAPS) vol.128, pp.9, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2014.06.005
  17. Dietary patterns and their association with the components of metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study of adults from northeast Thailand vol.7, pp.None, 2012, https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15075.2
  18. Soluble CD163-Associated Dietary Patterns and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome vol.11, pp.4, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040940
  19. Development of a food-based index of dietary inflammatory potential for Koreans and its relationship with metabolic syndrome vol.13, pp.2, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2019.13.2.150
  20. 배추김치 섭취와 대사증후군 발생률과의 관련성 : 한국인유전체역학조사사업의 10년 추적조사 결과 vol.52, pp.6, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2019.52.6.569
  21. 군집분석으로 도출한 식사패턴별 에너지 섭취량과 골격근육량의 연관성 분석 : 2008 ~ 2010년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 활용하여 vol.52, pp.6, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2019.52.6.581
  22. A Positive Association between a Western Dietary Pattern and High LDL-C among Iranian Population vol.20, pp.3, 2012, https://doi.org/10.34172/jrhs.2020.19
  23. The Relationship of Dietary Pattern and Genetic Risk Score with the Incidence of Dyslipidemia: 14-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study vol.12, pp.12, 2020, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123840
  24. The development of the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans: carbohydrate vol.54, pp.6, 2012, https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2021.54.6.584
  25. Association between Unhealthful Plant-Based Diets and Possible Risk of Dyslipidemia vol.13, pp.12, 2012, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124334
  26. Dietary patterns in association with the risk of elevated blood pressure, lipid profile and fasting plasma glucose among adults in Jiangsu Province of China vol.32, pp.1, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2021.09.004