• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.9
• /
• pp.2206-2212
• /
• 2013

We propose a method for the classification of fatty liver by ultrasound imaging using Fuzzy Contrast Enhancement Technique and FCM. ROI images are extracted after removal of information data except ultrasound image of the liver and the kidney then image contrast is improved by Fuzzy Contrast Enhancement Algorithm. The images applied Fuzzy Contrast Enhancement Technique is applied average binarization then ROI images of liver and kidney parenchyma are extracted using Blob algorithm. Representative brightness is extracted in the liver and kidney images using the most frequent brightness level after classification of 10 brightness levels. We applied this method to ultrasound images and a radiologist confirmed the accuracy of diagnosis for fatty liver. This method would be a model for automatic method in the diagnosis of fatty liver.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.186-189
• /
• 2005

For the assessment of the clinical application of histogram on internal parenchymal organs, ultrasonography with a multi-frequency transducer was taken. We scanned in the region of right cranial abdomen for both liver and right kidney, and left cranial abdomen for liver, spleen and left kidney in 9 normal Beagle dogs. The data from histogram examined in a region of interest centered on each picture element of B-mode images at the same depth were compared among liver, renal cortex, spleen, cortex and medulla of each kidney. The right renal cortex showed significantly lower echogenicity than parenchyma of liver by $15{\%}$. Spleen was more echogenic than the cortex of the left kidney by $23{\%}$, and liver was more echogenic than the left renal cortex by $30{\%}$. Renal cortex was more echogenic than medulla by $47{\%}$ and $65{\%}$ on the right and left side, respectively (p<0.05). The mean (${\pm}SD$) values calculated echogenicity were $46.2{\pm}12.3\;(95\%$ confidential interval (CI), 41.0 to 55.0) and $53.4{\pm}12.1\;(95\%$ CI, 47.0 to 55.1) in in the right renal cortex and liver parenchyma, $65.0{\pm}11.8\;(95\%$ CI, 57.9 to 71.0) and $51.0{\pm}16.9\;(95\%$ CI, 42.8 to 54.1) in splenic parenchyma and renal cortex. And the mean values calculated echogenicity were $65.0{\pm}10.15\;(95\%$ CI, 60.1 to 71.5) and $52.0{\pm}9.4\;(95\$ CI, 43.8 to 60.3) in liver parenchyma and the left renal cortex, $54.5{\pm}18.3\;(95\%$ CI, 40.1 to 62.8) and $35.0{\pm}16.2\;(95\%$ CI, 24.2 to 43.6) in the left renal cortex and medulla. And the mean values calculated echogenicity were $55.0{\pm}14.4\;(95\%$ CI, 47.3 to 61.7) and $40.0{\pm}13.2\;(95\%$ CI, 34.3 to 46.7) in the right renal cortex and medulla, respectively. In addition, the echogenicity ratios were $0.86{\pm}0.11$ between the right renal cortex and liver parenchyma, $1.37{\pm}0.47$ between spleenic parenchyma and the left renal cortex, $1.30{\pm}0.19$ between liver parenchyma and the left renal cortex. All the values measured showed significant different (p<0.05). Ultrasound histogram is simple, useful and feasible to evaluate the sonographic architecture of the internal organs such as liver, spleen and kidney, quantitatively.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.143-145
• /
• 2015

Page kidney refers to the phenomenon of hypertension secondary to long-standing compression of renal parenchyma caused by renal subcapsular collection. The most common cause of renal subcapsular collection is a hematoma which usually occurs after a history of blunt trauma. A 42-year-old female patient who received botulinum toxin injection in her back during chiropractic care was admitted to the emergency room with sudden bilateral flank pain and hypertension. The computed tomography (CT) images demonstrated the presence of bilateral subcapsular renal hematoma. The patient was treated conservatively and recovered well. The follow up CT images showed markedly resolved bilateral hematoma.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.127-131
• /
• 1975

By employing the vinylite-and neoprene latex-corrosion technique, ramification and arrangement of A. renalis were observed in fifty Korean native goats (100 kidneys). The obtained results were as follows: 1. A single renal artery, arising on each side from abdominal aorta, bifurcated into Ramus dorsalis and Ramus ventralis from which 3~6 segmental arteries originated. 2. The dorsal and ventral surfaces of the kidney were divided separately into 3~6 arterial segments by the running of the segmental artery into the parenchyma. Of them four segments were mostly frequent (in 77% of right kidney and 83% of left). 3. In 25 of all the kidneys, either dorsal or ventral surface of a kidney was supplied from interlobar or segmental arteries belong to the opposite Ramus. 4. In 3 goats, A. polaris superior was observed. 5. Generally, distribution of the renal artery of Korean native goat resembled that of the dog.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.129-135
• /
• 1983

The distribution of renal artery of fifty Korean native cattles (100 kidneys) was observed. Vinylite solution was injected into renal artery of ninety specimens for cast preparation. The angiography was prepared in 10 specimens by injecting thirty percent of barium sulfate solution into renal arteries, and then radiographed on a soft X-ray apparatus (Shimadzu Waltes 60). 1. A. renalis arose from the each side of abdominal aorta in the Korean native cattles. 2. The renal arteries were bifurcated into Ramus cranialis and caudalis (91%), and Ramus cranialis, medius and caudalis(9%) which were ramified 1-4 segmental arteries, respectively. 3. The segmental arteries were originated from R. cranialis and R. caudalis (87%), R. medius (9%) and A. renalis (4%). 4. The kidney were divided separately into 5-7 arterial segments by running of the segmental artery into the parenchyma. Among them six segments were mostly frequent(53%). 5. The Arcus arteriosus renalis was observed at 44% of the left kidney and 14% of the right kidney.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.227-234
• /
• 2015

In this paper, we studied possibility about application for CAD on diffuse liver disease through pixel texture analysis parameters(average gray level, skewness, entropy) which based statistical property brightness histogram and image analysis using brightness difference liver and kidney parenchyma. The experiment was set by ROI ($50{\times}50$ pixels) on liver ultrasound images.(non specific, fatty liver, liver cirrhosis) then, evaluated disease recognition rates using 4 types pixel texture analysis parameters and brightness gap liver and kidney parenchyma. As a results, disease recognition rates which contained average brightness, skewness, uniformity, entropy was scored 100%~96%, they were high. In brightness gap between liver and kidney parenchyma, non specific was $-1.129{\pm}12.410$ fatty liver was $33.182{\pm}11.826$, these were shown significantly difference, but liver cirrhosis was $-1.668{\pm}10.081$, that was somewhat small difference with non specific case. Consequently, pixel texture analysis parameter which scored high disease recognition rates and CAD which used brightness difference of parenchyma are very useful for detecting diffuse liver disease as well as these are possible to use clinical technique and minimize reading miss. Also, it helps to suggest correct diagnose and treatment.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.231-234
• /
• 2020

An 11-year-old, 4.3 kg, mixed breed, intact female dog exhibiting vomiting and a reduced appetite was presented. On physical examination, palpation of the right kidney elicited discomfort. Blood analysis revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia, and elevation of alkaline phosphatase and blood urea nitrogen. Escherichia coli was detected in urine culture, whereas urine analysis showed absence of glucose. Radiography and ultrasonography suggested that there was gas in the right renal parenchyma, and computed tomography was performed while the dog was awake to investigate the suspected gas in the right kidney. After unilateral ureteronephrectomy, a histological diagnosis of right emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) was made. EPN refers to a severe necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma with gas accumulation in the tissue. It is rare in both human and veterinary medicine, and almost all EPN patients have uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. This case report describes the imaging-based diagnosis of a rare occurrence of unilateral EPN in a non-diabetic dog.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.193-198
• /
• 1993

Ultrasonography observations were made of the kidneys of 21 dogs. Ultrasonography images obtained in transverse and longitudinal planes. A 3.5-MHz linear transducer was used. All examinations were peformed on dogs in dorsal recumbency under anesthesia. The right kidney was 3.2~3.8cm long, 1.7~3.5 cm wide and 1.0～1.9cm deep in 0～5 of body weight group, 3.6~4.6cm long, 2.4～3.6cm wide and 1.4～2.1cm deep in 5～10 of body weight group, and 4.6～6.4cm long, 3.3～4.2cm wide and 2.0~2.0cm deep in 10～15kg of body weight group(p< 0.01). Diameter of the parenchyma of the right kidney ranged between 0.4～0.9cm in 0～5kg group, 0.6～1.0cm in 5～l0kg group and 0.9-1.1cm in 10~15kg group(p<0.01). Diameter of the renal sinus of the right kidney ranged between 0.3～0.5cm in 0～5kg group, 0.4～0.7cm in 5～10kg group and 0.5～0.9cm in 10~ 15kg group(p< 0.01). Similar ultrasonic measurements were obtained for the left kidney. It was concluded that the ultrasonographic findings described in this study can be used as references for diagnosis of morphologic changes in e canine kidney.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.270-274
• /
• 2000

A seven-year-old female Jindo-dog was presented with a history of progressive abdominal distension. Except for severe bilateral abdominal swelling, other abnormal signs were not detected. The patient showed normal appetite and defecation. In the radiographic examination, the abdomen was filled with large masses. Suspected a certain neoplastic disease, laparotomy was taken through the cranial abdominal midline. Large pale-yellow masses were proliferated to fill the abdomen. In the masses, grey-brown or black portion presumed hemorrhagic or necrotic spots were found. Even though neoplastic tissues were not detected in the right kidney, they were infiltrated in the left kidney except for a part of the cortex. Obtaining the owner's consent, the patient was euthanized and samples were collecte for further study. In microscopic examination, the parenchyma of the medulla was substituted with tumor cells and the cortex was impressed by the expansive proliferation of the neoplastic tissues. This neoplasm was estimated as renal carcinoma originated from tubular epithelium, being based upon that tumor cells were largely cuboidal cells and they had obscure tubular forms.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.139-142
• /
• 2017

A six-year-old male captive nutria (Myocastor coypus) maintained in a closed space with a small vent was found dead in his cage. Gross findings showed multifocal nodules in varying sizes, small 0.5 to large 5 cm in diameter, intermixed with normal parenchyma were scattered all over the surface of the lungs and a kidney, which the cut surface was smooth, compact and whitish in color. Microscopically, small round to oval neoplastic cells with modest to slight amounts of cytoplasm formed acinar and gland-like structures. Immunohistochemically, cells were strongly positive for E-cadherin and slightly reactive for thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). Based on those diagnostic features, the neoplasia was diagnosed as primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma (small cell type) and metastasized into the kidney. This is the first case report of malignant pulmonary tumor and its metastasis in the nutria.