• Title/Summary/Keyword: kappa distribution

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The Defensive Effect of Keuibi-tang on the Gastric Mucous Membrane of Mouse Injured by Stress and Ethanol (스트레스와 에탄올로 유발된 mouse의 위점막 손상에 대한 귀비탕의 예방효과)

  • 김학재;최준혁;임성우
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.155-168
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Keuibi-tang (KBT) on the injury of gastric mucous membrane by stress and ethanol in mice. The normal group was non-inflammation elicited mice. The two control groups were mice with gastro-inflammation elicited by stress and ethanol. The two sample groups were mice administered KBT before gastro-inflammation elicitation. In the common morphology and histochemical change, the two control groups were observed with various injuries such as hemorrhagic erosion and ulcer, while the sample group was the same as the normal group. In the immunohistochemical change, the distributions of PNA and COX-1 treated with KBT noticeably increased over the control group (P<0.05). The distributions of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p50, COX-2 and TUNEL in the group treated with KBT were noticeably lower than in the control group (P<0.05). The distribution of KBT was the same as the normal group. According to the above results, it is supposed that KBT is applicable to gastritis and gastric ulcer due to stress and alcoholic drinks.

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Treatment Effect of Jecksodoodangkuisan against Colonic Mucosal Ulcer Induced by Indomethacin in Mouse (Indomethacin으로 유발된 생쥐의 대장점막 손상에 대한 적소두당귀산(赤小豆當歸散)의 치료효과)

  • Hwang, Tae-Hyun;An, Joong-Hwan;Lee, Seong-Hwan;Lim, Seong-Woo;Choi, En-Young
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.341-352
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    • 2005
  • Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Jecksodoodangkuisan(JD) and Jecksodoodangkuisankahyunjicho(JH) against Colonic Mucosal Ulcer induced by indomethacin in mouse. Methods: The normal group consisted of mice that were not inflammation-induced. The control group was untreated gastro-inflammation-elicited mice. The sample group mice were those administered BO, JD and JH after gastro-inflammation elicitation. Results: In the immunohistochemical change, the distribution of COX-1 in mice treated with BO, JD and JH noticeably increased than control group(P<0.05). The distributions of $NF-{\kappa}B$, p50, COX-2, ICAM-1, HSP70 and Substance P in mice treated with BO, JD and JH noticeably decreased more than control group(P<0.05). And JH was most effective treatment against Colonic Mucosal Ulcer in the immunohistochemical change. Conclusions: According to the above results, Jecksodoodangkuisan and Jeckmdoodangkuisankahyunjicho are applicable treatments for Colonic Mucosal Ulcer.

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Cu Catalyst System with Phosphorous Containing Bidendate Ligand for Living Radical Polymerization of MMA

  • Hong Sung Chul;Shin Ki Eun;Noh Seok Kyun;Lyoo Won Seok
    • Macromolecular Research
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.391-396
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    • 2005
  • The polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was carried out using CuBr/bidentate phosphorus ligand catalyst systems. MMA polymerization with CuBr/phosphine-phosphinidene (PP) exhibited high conversion ($\~80\%$) in 5 h at $90^{\circ}C$ along with a linear increase of ln($[M]_0/[M]$) versus time, indicating constant concentration of the propagating radicals during the polymerization. The molecular weight of the prepared PMMA tended to increase with conversion, suggesting the living polymerization characteristic of the system. On the other hand, a large difference between the measured and theoretical molecular weight and a broad molecular weight distribution were observed, implicating possible incomplete control over the polymerization. This may have been caused by the low deactivation rate constant ($\kappa_{deact}$) of the system. The low $\kappa_{deact}$, would result in irreversible generation of radicals instead of reversible activation/deactivation process of ATRP. Polymerizations performed at different ligand to CuBr ratios and different monomer to initiator ratios did not afford better control over the polymerization, suggesting that the controllability of CuBr/phosphorus ligand system for ATRP is inherently limited.

A Study on the Characteristics of the Flow around a Sunken Vessel (침선어초 주위의 유동특성에 관한 연구)

  • 양찬규;김현주
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.9-16
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    • 2000
  • This paper deals with the numerical and experimental study on the characteristics of the flow around a sunken vessel. Numerical simulation of the two dimensional steady flow on the midship section are carried out by the CFD code which is developed by using finite volume method and which includes the standard $textsc{k}$-$\varepsilon$ model with standard wall function. A experimental study is also carried out for the 1/100 scale model in circulating water channel. A velocity fields around the ship are measuremed by using particle image velocimetry technique. And the fluid forces acting on the ship hull by uniform current are measured by two axis load cell. The computed and measured velocity fields on the midship section are compared with each other in the view point of velocity dstribution and reattachement length, which shows good agreement in quality. The drag force on the vessel also showed the same tendency in both computational and experimental results. However, the quantitative disagreements are shown due to the three dimensional effect of the experiment. The result are used to determine the functional efficiency and stability of the vessel as a artificial reef.

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Deep neural network based seafloor sediment mapping using bathymetric features of MBES multifrequency

  • Khomsin;Mukhtasor;Suntoyo;Danar Guruh Pratomo
    • Ocean Systems Engineering
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.101-114
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    • 2024
  • Seafloor sediment mapping is an essential research topic in shallow coastal waters, especially in port development, benthic habitat mapping, and underwater communications. The seafloor sediments can be interpreted by collecting sediment samples directly in the field using a grab sampler or corer. Another method is optical, especially using underwater cameras and videos. Both methods each have weaknesses in terms of area coverage (mechanic) and accurate positioning (optic). The latest technology used to overcome it is the acoustic method (echosounder) with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Real Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning. Therefore, in this study will propose the classification of seafloor sediments in coastal waters using acoustic method that is Multibeam Echosounder (MBES) multi-frequency with five frequency (200 kHz, 250 kHz, 300 kHz, 350 kHz, and 400 kHz). In this study, the deep neural network (DNN) used the bathymetric multi frequency, bathymetric difference inters frequencies, and bathymetric features from 5 (five) frequencies as input layer and 4 (four) sediment types in 74 (seventy-four) sample sediment as output layer to make a seafloor sediment map. Results of sediment mapping using the DNN method show an overall accuracy of 71.6% (significant) and a kappa coefficient of 0.59 (moderate). The distribution of seafloor sediment in the study area is mainly silt (41.6%), followed by clayey sand (36.6%), sandy silt (14.2%), and silty sand (7.5%).

A Comparison Study on Effects of Jisildoche-hwan Extract and Misoprostol on Indomethacin-induced Gastric Mucosal Lesions in Mice (Indomethacin으로 유발된 생쥐의 위점막 손상에 대한 지실도체환(枳實導滯丸)과 Misoprostol의 효과 비교 연구)

  • Lee, Seul-Hee;Baek, Tae-Hyun
    • The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.939-949
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    • 2008
  • Objective : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Jisildochehwan extract on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions of mice. as compared with misoprostol. Methods : Experimental mice were classified into four groups. No gastro-inflammation elicited mice were the normal group(NOR). Gastro-inflammation elicited mice were the control group (CON). Misoprostol-administered mice after gastro-inflammation elicitation were the misoprostol-administered group (MA). Jisildochehwan-administered mice after gastro-inflammation elicitation were the Jisildochehwan-administered group(JA). In this study, we examined superoxide dismutase(SOD) ability, anti-inflammatory ability arrangement of mucous-secreted cells. distribution of mucosal neck cells, mucosal surface cells. neutral mucous-secreted cells. PAS reaction. COX-1, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 and iNOS. Results : The SOD ability of the Jisildochehwan group increased dose-dependently. The hemorrhagic erosion and the damage of arrangement of mucous-secreted cells increased in the CON group. but decreased in the MA and JA groups. The COX-1 positive were decreased in the CON group, but increased in the MA and JA groups. The distribution of mucosal neck cells and mucosal surface cells. PAS positive reaction of surface mucous cells were decreased in CON group, but increased in MA and JA group. $TNF-{\alpha}$, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 and iNOS increased in the CON group, but decreased in the MA and JA groups. In all the results, the effects were better in the JA group than in the MA group. Conclusion : Jisildochehwan extract was more effective than Misoprostol. Jisildochehwan has excellent protective effects on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions.

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NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR TURBULENT FLOW OVER A THREE DIMENSIONAL CAVITY WITH LARGE ASPECT RATION (세장비 변화에 따른 3차원 공동 주위의 난류유동 및 음향 특성에 관한 수치적 연구)

  • Mun, P.U.;Kim, J.S.
    • 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2009.11a
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    • pp.13-18
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    • 2009
  • Flight vehicles such as wheel wells and bomb bays have many cavities. The flow around a cavity is characterized as an unsteady flow because of the formation and dissipation of vortices brought about by the interaction between the free stream shear layer and the internal flow of the cavity. The resonance phenomena can damage the structures around the cavity and negatively affect the aerodynamic performance and stability of the vehicle. In this study, a numerical analysis was performed for the cavity flows using the unsteady compressible three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation with Wilcox's turbulence model. The Message Passing Interface (MPI) parallelized code was used for the calculations by PC-cluster. The cavity has aspect ratios (L/D) of 2.5 ~ 7.5 with width ratios (W/D) of 2 ~ 4. The Mach and Reynolds numbers are 0.4 ~ 0.6 and $1.6{\times}106$, respectively. The occurrence of oscillation is observed in the "shear layer and transient mode" with a feedback mechanism. Based on the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) analysis of the pressure variation at the cavity trailing edge, the dominant frequencies are analyzed and compared with the results of Rossiter's formula. The dominant frequencies are very similar to the result of Rossiter's formula and other experimental data in the low aspect ratio cavity (L/D = ~ 4.5). In the large aspect ratio cavity, however, there are other low dominant frequencies due to the leading edge shear layer with the dominant frequencies of the feedback mechanism. The characteristics of the acoustic wave propagation are analyzed using the Correlation of Pressure Distribution (CPD).

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A Study of Wind Pressure Distribution for a Rectangular Building Using CFD (CFD를 이용한 박스형 건물의 풍압분포 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Shin, Dongshin;Park, Jaehyun;Kang, Bomi;Kim, Eunmi;Lim, Hyeongjun;Lee, Jinyoung
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2016
  • This paper studies the wind pressure distribution over the Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Council building model (CAARC model) using CFD. We also considered the interaction between the CAARC model and other buildings. The Reynolds number based on the building height was 380,000. The number of sells for the simulation was about 500,000. The wind pressure was lowest when the wind direction was blowing at an angle 45 degrees of the CAARC model. When the gap between the two buildings in front of the CAARC was over 1/2 the horizontal length of the CAARC model, the wind pressure was higher than the pressure without the two buildings. When the distance between the two front buildings and the CAARC was less than 1.5 times the vertical length of the CAARC model, the wind pressure increased. Accordingly, the relative distance between two buildings or the distance from the CAARC model should be considered when extra wind exists due to other buildings.

Sediment Discharge Based on a Time-Integrated Point Sample (연속점 채취를 이용한 유사량 계산)

  • 정관수
    • Water for future
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.129-141
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    • 1996
  • A procedure for computing total suspended sediment load is presented based on a single point-integrated sample, a power velocity distribution, and Laursen's sediment concentration distribution equation. The procedure was tested with field data from the Rio Grande River. Computed concentrations agreed well with depth-integrated measurements corrected for unmeasured load using nominal values of $\beta$, $\kappa$ and w. Even better agreement was obtained when site-specific data were used to define the x and z exponents of the velocity and concentration distributions. The difference between total suspended load computed using a single measurement and this procedure and conventional computations based on depthintegrated measurements is well within sampling error. There are major advantages in estimating total suspended load using a single time-integrated suspended-sediment point sample. Less field time is required; sampling costs are greatly reduced; and sampling can be more frequent and better timed to measure the changing sediment load. Single-point sampling makes automatic sampling procedures more feasible.

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A Comparative Study on the Chemicostructural Characteristics of Ecdysteroids (Ecdysteroid 화합물들의 화학구조 특성에 대한 비교연구)

  • Hwang, Gab-Soo
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.351-359
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    • 2012
  • Objectives: This study was conducted in order to investigate the specific correlation between physicochemical properties and bioactivity in ecdysteroids found in living organisms. Methods: The examined steroidal compounds were classified into three groups according to their relevance to ecdysone activity. Each compound molecule was completely drawn to automatically calculate its physicochemical parameters and docked against 20-hydroxyecdysone to calculate the total distance. Electronic charge distribution was also observed for each molecule. All procedures were conducted using a computational chemistry program. Results: Ecdysone agonists showed different ranges of parameter values, such as log P, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), solubility parameter (SP), hydrophilic surface (HPS), hydrogen bond (HB) and Kappa 2, when compared with antagonists and steroids without ecdysone activity. They also showed a similar electronic charge distribution that is significantly different from the electron charge distribution of antagonists and steroids without ecdysone activity. The total distance values of agonists, estimated by docking them with 20-hydroxyecdysone, were relatively small but showed no correlation with binding affinity with receptor ligand. Conclusions: These results suggest that physicochemical properties such as steric and electronic effects, hydrophobicity and hydrogen bonding may operate in combination to determine the binding activity of ecdysteroids to the receptor protein.