• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.528-531
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• 2011

Although posterior segmental fixation technique is becoming increasingly popular, surgical treatment of craniovertebral junctional disorders is still challenging because of its complex anatomy and surrounding critical neurovascular structures. Basilar invagination is major pathology of craniovertebral junction that has been a subject of clinical interest because of its various clinical presentations and difficulty of treatment. Most authors recommend a posterior occipitocervical fixation following transoral decompression or posterior decompression and occipitocervical fixation. However, both surgical modalities inadvertently sacrifice C0-1 and C1-2 joint motion. We report two cases of basilar invagination reduced by the vertical distraction between C1-2 facet joint. We reduced the C1-2 joint in an anatomical position and fused the joint with iliac bone graft and C1-2 segmental fixation using the polyaxial screws and rods C-1 lateral mass and the C-2 pedicle.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.437-442
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• 1995

We developed an experimental model of brain death using dogs. Brain death was caused by increasing the intracranial pressure[ICP suddenly by injecting saline to an epidural Foley catheter in five female mongrel dogs[weight, 20-25Kg .Hemodynamic and electrocardiographic changes were evaluated continuously during the process of brain death. 1. Abrupt rise of ICP after each injection of saline followed by a rapid decline to a new steady-state level within 15 minutes and the average volume required to induce brain death was 7.6$\pm$0.8ml.2. Body temperature, heart rate, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, left ventricular[LV enddiastolic pressure and cardiac output was not changed significantly during the process of brain death, but there was an increasing tendency.3. Mean arterial pressure and LV maximum +dP/dt increased significantly at the time of brain death.4. Hemodynamic collapse was developed within 140 minutes after brain death.5. Marked sinus bradycardia followed by junctional rhythm was seen in two dogs and frequent VPB`s with ventricular tachycardia was observed in one dog at the time of brain death. Hyperdynamic state develops and arrhythmia appears frequently at the time of brain death. Studies on the effects of brain death on myocardium and its pathophysiologic mechanism should be followed in the near future.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.802-806
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• 1991

Primary neoplasms of the ribs and sternum are rare. Most primary bony chest wall neoplasms are malignant, and chondrosarcoma is the most common malignancy in this location The etiology of chondrosarcoma is unknown. Definitive diagnosis of chondrosarcoma can only be made pathologically. The natural history of chest wall chondrosarcoma is one of slow growth and local recurrence. Most tumors of the sternum require wide resection and reconstruction procedures, with potentially serious postoperative problems. Advances in chest wall reconstruction primarily through refinement in muscle transposition and clarification of the functional anatomy and blood supply of trunk muscles, has resulted in a more aggressive resection of the these tumors . Recently we experienced a case with chondrosarcoma of the sternum. A 56 year-old man was admitted to our hospital due to painless, slowly enlarging mass at the left sternoclavicular junctional area. The chest radiograph strongly suggested an underlying cartilaginous neoplasm owing to the appearance of typical flocculent and curvilinear calcifications within the lesion. On CT of the chest, the tumor exhibited a scalloped or lobulated contour, hypodensity of the nonmineralized component in comparison to adjacent muscle, and characteristic stippled cartilaginous matrix mineralization, also typical for cartilaginous neoplasm. The patient underwent wide resection of the chest wall tumor include with a 2-3cm margin of normal tissue on all sides and the thoracic skeletal defect was reconstructed with polytetrafluoroethylene [Gore-Tex] soft-tissue patch. Soft tissue reconstructive procedure was done with the pectoralis major muscle transposition. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and discharged without adjuvant treatment such as radiation and chemotherapy.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.225-230
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• 2016

Inflammation from chronic and acute infections of distal organs and tissues such as periodontitis is a risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular processes. Recently, a new model of atherosclerosis with vascular pathologies was developed in the Mongolian gerbil. In this study, we attempted to develop a model of ligature-induced periodontitis in gerbils and compared the characteristics of that periodontitis model with that in rats and mice. Each gerbil, rat, and mouse was randomly assigned to groups of control and periodontitis. A thread was placed around the cervix of the right and left first molars in the mandible with knots placed on the mesial side of each molar. At day 14 after the ligation, the animals were sacrificed and their mandibles were dissected. To measure alveolar bone loss along with inflammation, histopathological and micro-CT analyses were carried out. Gerbils showed tooth characteristics of deeper gingival crevice, longer cusp, longer root trunk and shorter root than those of rats and mice. The increased CEJ-ABC distance in distal and PDL area in furcation was also observed in ligated gerbils. An inflammatory response in the connective tissue under the junctional epithelium was also shown in all the animals. As a result, we confirmed the induction of periodontitis by ligature in the gerbils. We therefore consider the gerbil to be a useful model for investigating relationship between periodontitis and vascular disease in the same animal.

• BMB Reports
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.59-64
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• 2018

The airway epithelium is the first place, where a defense mechanism is initiated against environmental stimuli. Mucociliary transport (MCT), which is the defense mechanism of the airway and the role of airway epithelium as mechanical barriers are essential in innate immunity. To maintain normal physiologic function, normal oxygenation is critical for the production of energy for optimal cellular functions. Several pathologic conditions are associated with a decrease in oxygen tension in airway epithelium and chronic sinusitis is one of the airway diseases, which is associated with the hypoxic condition, a potent inflammatory stimulant. We have observed the overexpression of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), an essential factor for oxygen homeostasis, in the epithelium of sinus mucosa in sinusitis patients. In a series of previous reports, we have found hypoxia-induced mucus hyperproduction, especially by MUC5AC hyperproduction, disruption of epithelial barrier function by the production of VEGF, and down-regulation of junctional proteins such as ZO-1 and E-cadherin. Furthermore, hypoxia-induced inflammation by HMGB1 translocation into the cytoplasm results in the release of IL-8 through a ROS-dependent mechanism in upper airway epithelium. In this mini-review, we briefly introduce and summarize current progress in the pathogenesis of sinusitis related to hypoxia. The investigation of hypoxia-related pathophysiology in airway epithelium will suggest new insights on airway inflammatory diseases, such as rhinosinusitis for clinical application and drug development.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.212-217
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• 2007

In atrial myocytes, lacking t-tubules, $Ca^{2+}$ current ($I_{Ca}$)-initiated $Ca^{2+}$ release at the peripheral junctional sites propagates into the interior of the cell by diffusion of $Ca^{2+}$. We have previously reported that time of activation of the central sites is independent of $I_{Ca}$. In the present study we have probed the effects of Bay K 8644 on $Ca^{2+}$ propagation wave to the center of the myocyte using rapid 2-D confocal $Ca^{2+}$ imaging in the rat atrial myocytes. Enhancement of $I_{Ca}$ by Bay K 8644 accelerated the rate of peripheral $Ca^{2+}$ release, but did not affect the speed of propagation of central release. In contrast, enhancement of $I_{Ca}$ by intracellular cAMP reduced the magnitude of peripheral and central $Ca^{2+}$ transients, but significantly accelerated the speed of central $Ca^{2+}$ release. Our data suggest that the speed of central $Ca^{2+}$ propagation triggered by $I_{Ca}$ is not regulated by the magnitude of either $I_{Ca}$ or local cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ releases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.230-235
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• 2004

We previously reported that the phytoprotein extracted from Acanthopanax senticosus (PA) had anti-carcinogenic anti-metastatic activity via increase of inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication. In the present study investigated the immunomodulatory mechanism of phytoprotein isolated from the stem bark of Acanthopanax sentic (PA). PA was found to significantly stimulate macrophages producing TNF-α and IL-1β in vitro. It also showed tumori activity indicating that PA had the ability to stimulate macrophage directly. Moreover, PA induced the CDB/sup +/ CTL cy responses to recognize antigen on the B16-BL6 melanoma cells. Treatment of PA with B16-BL6 melanoma cells increased the proliferation of splenocytes compared with untreated control. These results demonstrate that PA immunomodulatory activity suggesting a useful anti-tumor agent applicable to treatment and prevention of cancer.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2016

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) is still used in certain areas of tropics and subtropics to control malaria and other insect-transmitted diseases. DDT and its metabolites have been extensively studied for their toxicity and carcinogenicity in animals and humans and shown to have an endocrine disrupting potential affecting reproductive system although the effects may vary among animal species in correlation with exposure levels. Epidemiologic studies revealed either positive or negative associations between exposure to DDT and tumor development, but there has been no clear evidence that DDT causes cancer in humans. In experimental animals, tumor induction by DDT has been shown in the liver, lung, and adrenals. The mechanisms of hepatic tumor development by DDT have been studied in rats and mice. DDT is known as a non-genotoxic hepatocarcinogen and has been shown to induce microsomal enzymes through activation of constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and to inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in the rodent liver. The results from our previously conducted 4-week and 2-year feeding studies of p,p'-DDT in F344 rats indicate that DDT may induce hepatocellular eosinophilic foci as a result of oxidative DNA damage and leads them to hepatic neoplasia in combination with its mitogenic activity and inhibitory effect on GJIC. Oxidative stress could be a key factor in hepatocarcinogenesis by DDT.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 1982

Morphological changes of the oviductal epithelium of the rat treated with hormones ($17{\beta}$-estradiol ${\mu}g$/day and progesterone 2.5mg/day) for ten days were observed transmission and scanning electron microscopically. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The cilia formation of ciliary cell(CC) was more accelerated by the treatment of estradiol than progesterone, but the balance of estrogen and progesterone was required for the maintenance of CC. The effect of hormone was different between the segments for the maintenance of CC. 2. The short secretory cell(SSC) was severely inhibited in the formation of secretory granules with single hormonal treatment but the activity of secretion was more inhibited by progesterone than by estradiol. 3. The long secretory cell(LSC) had not a great difference between estradiol and progesterone treatments as compared with the normal sexual cycle, but the formation of secretory granules was somewhat accelerated by progesterone treatment. 4. The formation of secretory granules of junctional cell (JC) was severely accelerated by estradiol treatment as compared with the normal sexual cycle. The formation of secretory granules during progesterone treatment, on the other hand, was inhibited completely, but the numbers of pinocytotic vesicles appeared at the cytoplasmic apical portion. 5. Three types of secretory cells, SSC, LSC and JC, on the rat oviductal epithelium could be suggested to have different cell tapes respectively from the morphological changes by hormone treatment.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.109-119
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• 1994

An essential fact in the regeneration of new periodontal tissue after periodontal therapy is the reattachment of collagen fibers to the tooth. Two phenomena play a fundamental role in preventing new connective tissue attachment to the exposed root surface ; 1) The apical migration of the junctional epithelium 2) The contamination of cementum by toxic substances, especially endotoxins. Authors have used rat submucosal implantation of root sections to study the connective tissue healing to periodontally diseaed root, previously planed and demineralized with citric acid and tetracycline- HCl. The results were obtained as follows. 1. The connective tissue attachment was increased in tetracycline, citric acid, non disease, scaling and root planing order and inflammatory reaction was seen in the rat teeth, no treatment group. 2. Collagen fiber attachment at the dentin surface was more increased than cementum surface 3. In 2 week of citric acid and tetracycline-HCl specimens, osteoid was seen near the fibrotic band. 4. In the MT view, collagen fiber formation was increased with time and the numerous collagen fiber and connective tissue was more densly attached to the tooth surfaces in the tetracycline-HCl group than the citric acid group.