• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Purpose: To evaluate the value and limitation of modified Mau osteotomy through the review of 30 feet treated by this procedure. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 30 cases treated with modified Mau osteotomy since 2002. The mean duration of follow-up was 10 months. We reviewed medical records to describe each case and select several clinical factors which related with surgical procedure and could influence on final results. We measured radiographic parameters such as hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), sesamoid position and also assessed clinical outcomes by AOFAS score and satisfaction degrees. Results: The mean preoperative HVA and IMA were $40.4^{\circ}$, $17.4^{\circ}$ and the mean amounts of correction were $31.2^{\circ}$ and $11.5^{\circ}$. Amounts of delayed loss of correction were 16.8% in HVA and 19.2% in IMA. Initial HVA, rotational angle and translation distance of the distal fragment, stability of fixation, first ray instability were revealed as significant factors for the final result from this procedure. DMAA was increased by rotation of the distal fragment and decreased by adding translation on the rotation. Conclusion: Modified Mau osteotomy is an effective procedure to get enough correction. But, it is important to try to avoid excessive rotation of the distal fragment because it may worse joint congruity. It may be worthwhile to pay close attention to the direction of saw and stability of fixation.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical results of medial horizontal suture fixation of Akin osteotomy in hallux valgus and present its advantages. Materials and Methods: This study was based on 48 cases of 35 patients with Akin osteotomy, who underwent surgery of hallux valgus between December 2014 and July 2015, and with at least 12 months of follow-up. The mean age of patients was 46.9 years (range, 16~71 years). The mean follow-up duration was 15.9 months (range, 12~18 months). Clinical evaluations included pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS hallux metatarsophalangeal interphalangeal scale) score, and satisfaction score. Weightbearing anteroposterior radiographs were taken to measure the distal articular set angle (DASA) of the hallux. Radiographic bone union at 6 months follow-up was regarded as a success, while a loss of reduction and nonunion was regarded as a failure. Results: The mean pre- and postoperative pain VAS scores were 4.27 and 1.67, respectively (p<0.05). The mean AOFAS score improved from 59.7 to 80.5 (p<0.05). The DASA was improved from 8.15 to -2.57 (p<0.05). There was no case of skin irritation, cortical breakage, inflammation from the knot, and infection. All patients showed union without fixation failure. Conclusion: The clinical and radiological evaluations in this study demonstrate reliable results without complication. The medial horizontal suture fixation of the Akin osteotomy was effective, and the advantage of this procedure was unnecessity of the material removal, preservation of the joint, and no skin irritation.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신설비학회 2007년도 학술대회
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• pp.247-250
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• 2007

There are three main kinds of service standards for 3G(Third-Generation) wireless communication as WCDMA, CDMA2000 and TD-SCDMA(Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access). Compare with WCDMA and CDMA2000, TD-SCDMA system has distinguished technical characters. It is a TDD(Time Division Duplexing) based technology and deploys several advanced but in some respects complex technologies such as smart antenna, joint-detection and baton-handoff, etc. Therefore to analyze and design TD-SCDMA wireless network, it needs more efficient and systematic simulation tool. General simulation tool has so many analysis functions including path loss prediction, capacity and coverage analysis. For more suitable for TD-SCDMA, new additional technologies have to be implemented in simulation tool. Especially as the wireless network highly advancing focused on data service, it more needs to research and develop on the reliability of the simulation tool. In this paper, to give the concrete process and skill about how to implement TD-SCDMA simulation tool, we define the kinds of simulation tool and list basic analysis functions available for TD-SCDMA network design at first. And then we explain how to consider the effects of new technologies of TD-SCDMA and give the solutions about theses considerations.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.499-508
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• 2017

Objectives : Skeletal muscle atrophy occurs in response to a variety of conditions. The unloading to muscle occurs clinically in limb immobilization, bed rest, spinal cord injury and peripheral nerve damage, resulting in significant loss of muscle mass and force production. Muscle disuse is accompanied by an increase in apoptotic signaling, which mediates some of the responses to unloading in the muscle. In this study we tested the hypothesis that Daeyeoung-jeon extract would improve muscle recovery after reloading following disuse. Method : Twenty young male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the studies. The hindlimb immobilization was performed with casting tape to keep the left ankle joint in a fully extended position. No intervention was performed on the right leg and used as intact region. The Rats in Daeyeoung-jeon treated group (DYJ) were orally administrated Daeyeoung-jeon water extract, and rats of Control group were given with saline only. After 2 weeks of immobilization, all animals were sacrificed, and the whole gastrocnemius muscles were dissected from both legs. The morphology of right and left gastrocnemius muscles in both DYJ and Control groups were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Moreover, to investigate the immobilization-induced muscular apoptosis, the immunohistochemical analysis of Bax and Bcl-2 was carried out. Results : Daeyeoung-jeon represented the significant protective effects against the reductions of the left gastrocnemius muscles weight and average cross section area to compared with Control group. The treatment with Daeyeoung-jeon extract significantly reduced the immunoreactivity of BAX and increased the immunoreactivity of Bcl-2 in gastrocnemius muscle compared with Control group. Conclusion : Daeyeoung-jeon has protective effects against immobilization-induced muscle atrophy by regulating the activities of apoptosis-associated BAX/Bcl-2 proteins in gastrocnemius muscle.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.569-573
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• 2008

Purpose: Surgical excision of the subcutaneous tissues, with or without skin excision in the axillary hair-bearing area, has been the treatment of choice in treating osmidrosis for several decades. However, long periods of postoperative immobilization of a shoulder joint, partial necrosis of skin flaps or the possibility of hematoma and scars have occurred frequently. So we used $XPS^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver) in procedure which requires removal of soft tissue for comparing results between surgical excision and the laters. Methods: From January 2007 to February 2008, a total of 20 patients(8 male and 12 female) underwent $XPS^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver) assisted aspiration for treating osmidrosis. The mean age of the subjects was 21.9, and we tried to analyze some advantages of $XPS^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver). Results: The average operation time was 61.6 minutes. This results can show that the patients who received $XPS^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver) assisted aspiration can accomplish better outcomes than any other procedures in terms of operation time at least. Moreover, no significant postoperative complications occurred in our studies. Subjects have been followed up from 2 months to 1 year and among these patients, no one suffered from critical complications. Conclusion: In brief, $XPS^{(R)}$ microresector(Shaver) is able to shorten the time of operation and simplify the procedures relatively and this device has more superiorities in wound healing by maintaining of vascularized dermal skin flaps. It means that $XPS^{(R)}$ microresector (Shaver) can prevent flap necrosis, axillary hair loss and minimalize scarring and bleeding. Thus, we expect that these advantages can lead to better patient's comfort and self-confidence than several previous procedures.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study was to compare the radiological and neurological outcomes between two atlantoaxial fusion method for atlantoaxial stabilization; C1 lateral mass-C2 pedicle screws (screw-rod constructs, SRC) versus C1-2 transarticular screws (TAS). Methods : Forty-one patients in whom atlantoaxial instability was treated with atlantoaxial fixation by SRC group (27 patients, from March 2005 to May 2011) or TAS group (14 patients, from May 2000 to December 2005) were retrospectively reviewed. Numeric rating scale (NRS) for pain assessment, Oswestry disability index (ODI), and Frankel grade were also checked for neurological outcome. In radiologic outcome assessment, proper screw position and fusion rate were checked. Perioperative parameters such as blood loss during operation, operation time, and radiation exposure time were also reviewed. Results : The improvement of NRS and ODI were not different between both groups significantly. Good to excellent response in Frankel grade is shown similarly in both groups. Proper screw position and fusion rate were also observed similarly between two groups. Total bleeding amount during operation is lesser in SRC group than TAS group, but not significantly (p=0.06). Operation time and X-ray exposure time were shorter in SRC group than in TAS group (all p<0.001). Conclusion : Both TAS and SRC could be selected as safe and effective treatment options for C1-2 instability. But the perioperative result, which is technical demanding and X-ray exposure might be expected better in SRC group compared to TAS group.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2011

We report on the progress that has been made in developing $MgB_2$ superconducting wires and tapes for commercialization and research efforts. A number of techniques have been developed to overcome the obstacle posed by the poor critical current density ($J_c$) of pristine $MgB_2$. Chemical doping has proved to be the effective way to modify and enhance the superconducting properties, such as the $J_c$ and the irreversibility field ($B_{irr}$). More than 100 different types of dopants have been investigated over the past 8 years. Among these, the most effective dopants have been identified to be SiC and malic acid ($C_4H_6O_5$). The best results, viz. a $B_{irr}$ of 22 T and $J_c$ of $30,000\;A{\cdot}cm^{-2}$ at 4.2 K and 10 T, were reported for malic acid doped $MgB_2$ wires, which matched the benchmark performance of commercial low temperature superconductor wires. In this work, we discuss the progress made in $MgB_2$ conductors over the past few years at the University of Wollongong, Hyper Tech Research, Inc., and Ohio State University.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of aquatic walking exercise on gait and balance parameters of elderly women. Method: 15 elderly people were recruited for this study (age: 73.20±5.19 yrs, height: 153.87±3.36 cm, mass: 60.33±5.73 kg). All variables were measured using Gaitview AFA-50. The variables were the heel contact time ratio, gait angle, and M/P change ratio for gait patterns and ENV, REC, RMS, Total Length, TLC, Sway velocity, and Length/ENV for balance abilities. A paired t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were carried out to verify the differences in the test scores after participating in the water walking program. The significance level for all statistical analyses was set to α=.05. Results: As for the changes in their walking function after the exercise, heel contact time ratio (p<.01) showed a statistical significance, while gait angle and M/P change ratio did not reveal statistically significant differences. In the test of balance ability on both feet and with eyes opened, statistical significance was found in ENV, REC, RMS, TLC (p<.01), and sway velocity (p<.05), while the test with eyes closed showed statistical significance in length/ENV as well as ENV, REC, RMS, sway velocity (p<.01) TLC, and total length (p<.05). As for the single-leg stance balance ability, ENV and REC revealed statistically significant differences. Conclusion: These results show that water walking is effective for improving the function of the ankle flexor muscles, providing stability to the ankle joint during walking and helping efficient walk. In addition, it is also expected to help prevent falls due to loss of balance by improving the stability of lower extremity muscles and trunk.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2018

Background: A limited hip rotational range of motion (ROM) has been considered to be one of characteristics of low back pain (LBP) in athletes. Although LBP frequently occurs in jiu-jitsu athletes, no previous has compared hip rotational ROM between jiu-jitsu athletes with and without LBP. Objects: The aim of the study was to compare ROM for hip internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER), and total hip rotation between jiu-jitsu athletes with and without LBP. Methods: Jiu-jitsu athletes were recruited for the LBP group ($n_1=15$) and control group without LBP ($n_2=15$). IR, ER, and total rotational range of hip joint were measured using a goniometer. Analysis of variance was used to compare the ROM between groups and sides. Results: The LBP group showed a significantly lower range of passive hip IR, passive total rotation, active IR, active ER, and active total rotation than the control group (p<.05). Dominant side of passive hip IR and active IR had a significantly lower ROM than non-dominant side (p<.05). In passive ER ROM, non-dominant side was significantly greater than dominant side (p<.05). Conclusion: Compared to jiu-jitsu athletes without LBP, athletes with LBP exhibit a loss of hip rotational ROM. Based on these results, clinicians and athletic trainers should measure hip rotational ROM when designing the management plan for jiu-jitsu athletes with LBP.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.125-168
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• 2015

Dynamic aeroelastic behavior of structurally nonlinear Joined Wings is presented. Three configurations, two characterized by a different location of the joint and one presenting a direct connection between the two wings (SensorCraft-like layout) are investigated. The snap-divergence is studied from a dynamic perspective in order to assess the real response of the configuration. The investigations also focus on the flutter occurrence (critical state) and postcritical phenomena. Limit Cycle Oscillations (LCOs) are observed, possibly followed by a loss of periodicity of the solution as speed is further increased. In some cases, it is also possible to ascertain the presence of period doubling (flip-) bifurcations. Differences between flutter (Hopf's bifurcation) speed evaluated with linear and nonlinear analyses are discussed in depth in order to understand if a linear (and thus computationally less intense) representation provides an acceptable estimate of the instability properties. Both frequency- and time-domain approaches are compared. Moreover, aerodynamic solvers based on the potential flow are critically examined. In particular, it is assessed in what measure more sophisticated aerodynamic and interface models impact the aeroelastic predictions. When the use of the tools gives different results, a physical interpretation of the leading mechanism generating the mismatch is provided. In particular, for PrandtlPlane-like configurations the aeroelastic response is very sensitive to the wake's shape. As a consequence, it is suggested that a more sophisticate modeling of the wake positively impacts the reliability of aerodynamic and aeroelastic analysis. For SensorCraft-like configurations some LCOs are characterized by a non-synchronous motion of the inner and outer portion of the lower wing: the wing's tip exhibits a small oscillation during the descending or ascending phase, whereas the mid-span station describes a sinusoidal-like trajectory in the time-domain.