• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.788-801
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets containing different wet rice distillers' by-product (RDP) levels on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and gut microbiome of weaned piglets. Methods: A total of 48 weaned castrated male crossbred pigs, initial body weight 7.54±0.97 kg, and age about 4 wks, were used in this experiment. The piglets were randomly allocated into three iso-nitrogenous diet groups that were fed either a control diet, a diet with 15% RDP, or a diet with 30% RDP for a total of 35 days. Chromium oxide was used for apparent digestibility measurements. On d 14 and d 35, half of the piglets were randomly selected for hemato-biochemical and gut microbiota evaluations. Results: Increasing inclusion levels of RDP tended to linearly increase (p≤0.07) average daily gain on d 14 and d 35, and decreased (p = 0.08) feed conversion ratio on d 35. Empty stomach weight increased (p = 0.03) on d 35 while digestibility of diet components decreased. Serum globulin concentration decreased on d 14 (p = 0.003) and red blood cell count tended to decrease (p = 0.06) on d 35, parallel to increase RDP levels. Gene amplicon profiling of 16S rRNA revealed that the colonic microbiota composition of weaned pigs changed by inclusion of RDP over the period. On d 14, decreased proportions of Lachnospiraceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, and Bacteroidales_ge, and increased proportions of Prevotellaceae_ge, Prevotella_2, and Prevotella_9 were found with inclusion of RDP, whereas opposite effect was found on d 35. Additionally, the proportion of Lachnospiraceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_ge, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, and Bacteroidales_ge in RDP diets decreased over periods in control diet but increased largely in diet with 30% RDP. Conclusion: These results indicate that RDP in a favorable way modulate gastrointestinal microbiota composition and improve piglet performance despite a negative impact on digestibility of lipids and gross energy.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.253-259
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• 2009

방사선관계종사자에 대한 개인피폭선량 측정의 정확성 및 신뢰성을 확보함으로써 방사선관계종사자의 건강을 보호하고 국민보건 수준향상에 기여하기 위한 개인피폭선량 측정기관의 선량측정 품질관리 기준을 국제기준에 적합하도록 개발할 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 국내 의료기관에서의 개인선량 관련법은 ANSI N13.11-1993 규정을 참조하고 있으나 미국을 비롯한 해외 여러 나라에서는 시험 범주를 줄이고 기준을 강화한 ANSI N13.11-2001을 이미 반영하여 개인피폭선량을 측정하고 있다. 제안하는 방법은 ANSI N13.11-2001을 참고하여 기준을 단순화하였고 유리선량계와 광자극선량계 같은 현재 법률에서 인정하지 않는 첨단기술을 이용하는 것을 막거나 방해할 수 있는 조치를 취하지 않으려고 하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 측정기관 품질관리기준은 개인피폭선량 성능시험기준은 관련법규개정에 참고할 수 있고, 측정기관 지도 감독에 활용할 수 있다.

• 공업화학
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.234-238
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• 2015

모델 콜타르 유분 중에 함유된 질소고리화합물(NHC)의 분리를 메탄올과 포름아마이드 추출에 의해 비교했다. 원료로서는 4종류의 NHC (NHCs : 퀴놀린, 이소퀴놀린, 인돌, 퀴날딘), 3종류의 2환 방향족 화합물(BACs : 1-메틸나프탈렌, 2-메틸나프탈렌, 디메틸나프탈렌), 비페닐과 페닐에테르로 제조한 모델 콜타르 유분을 사용했다. 용매로서는 메탄올과 포름아마이드 수용액을 사용했다. 원료와 용매의 접촉 장치로서는 회분 교반기를 사용했다. 사용한 용매와 무관하게, 초기 용매 함수율의 감소와 평형조작 온도의 상승은 NHCs의 분배계수를 급격히 증가시켰으나, 역으로 BACs를 기준한 NHCs의 선택도를 감소시켰다. 초기 용매/원료의 체적비가 감소함에 따라 NHCs의 분배계수는 감소했으나, BACs를 기준한 NHCs의 선택도는 거의 일정했다. 동일한 실험조건에서, NHCs의 분배계수는 메탄올 추출이 포름아마이드 추출에 비해 약 3~5배 높았으나, BACs를 기준한 NHCs의 선택도는 역으로 포름아마이드 추출이 메탄올 추출에 비해 3~7배 높았다. 또한, NHCs의 용해력과 선택도의 밸런스에 NHCs의 추출처리속도를 부가하여 두 용매 추출법을 비교했다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.221-238
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• 2004

Wall interactions of direct injection spray were investigated using laser-sheet imaging, shadowgraphy, wetted footprint and phase Doppler interferometry techniques. A narrow-cone high-pressure swirl injector is used to inject iso-octane fuel onto a plate, which has three different impact angles inside a pressurized chamber. Heated air and plate conditions were compared with unheated cases. Injection interval was also varied in the heated case to compare dry- and wet- wall impingement behaviors. High-speed macroscopic Mie-scattering images showed that presence of wall and air temperature has only minor effect on the bulk spray structure and penetration speed for the narrow-cone injector tested. The overall bulk motions of the spray plume and its spatial position at a given time are basically unaffected until a few millimeters before impacting the wall. The surface properties of the impact surface, such as the temperature, the presence of a preexisting liquid film also have a small effect on the amount of wetting or the wetted footprint; however, they have strong influence on what occurs just after impact or after a film is formed. The shadowgraph in particular shows that the plate temperature has a significant effect on vapor phase propagation. Generally, 10-20% faster horizontal vapor phase propagation is observed along the wall at elevated temperature condition. For impingement onto a preexisting film, more splash and evaporation were also observed. Contrary to some preconceptions, there is no significant splashing and droplet rebounding from surfaces that are interposed in the path of the DI gasoline spray, especially for the oblique impact angle cases. There also appears to be a dense spray front consists of large sac spray droplets in the oblique impact angle cases. The bulk of the spray is not impacted on the surface, but rather is deflected by it The microscopic details as depicted by phase Doppler measurements show that the outcome of the droplet impaction events can be significantly influenced. Only droplets at the spray front have high enough Weber numbers for wall impact to wet, splash or rebound. Using the sign of vertical velocity, the time-resolved downward droplets and upward droplets are compared. The Weber number of upward moving droplets, which seldom exceeds unity, also decreases as the impact angle decreases, as the droplets tend to impact less and move along the wall in the deflected spray plume.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.179-191
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• 2016

In addition to the measurement of the concentration of soil contaminants, the new idea of indicative parameters was proposed to validate the remedial works through the monitoring for the changes of soil characteristics after applying the clean up technologies. The parameters like CFU (colony forming unit), pH and soil texture were recommended as indicative parameters for land farming. In case of soil washing, water content and the particle size distribution of the sludge were recommended as indicative parameters. The sludge is produced through the particle separation process in soil washing and it is usually treated as a waste. The parameters like water content, organic matter content, CEC (cation exchange capacity) and CFU were recommended as indicative parameters for the low temperature thermal desorption method. Besides the indicative parameter, sampling methods in stock pile and the optimal minimum amount of composite soil sample were proposed. The rates of sampling error in regular grid, zigzag, four bearing, random grid methods were 17.3%, 17.6%, 17.2% and 16.5% respectively. The random grid method showed the minimum sampling error among the 4 kinds of sampling methods although the differences in sampling errors were very little. Therefore the random grid method was recommended as an appropriate sampling method in stock pile. It was not possible to propose a value of optimal minimum amount of composite soil sample based on the real analytical data due to the dynamic variation of $CV_{fund{\cdot}error}$. Instead of this, 355 g of soil was recommended for the optimal minimum amount of composite soil sample under the assumption of ISO 10381-8.

• 인지과학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.157-175
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• 2010

의사소통에서 대화자 간 감정의 이해는 메시지의 내용만큼이나 중요하다. 비언어적 요소에 의해 감정에 관한 더 많은 정보가 전달되고 있기는 하지만, 텍스트에도 화자의 감정을 나타내는 언어적 표지가 다양하고 풍부하게 녹아들어 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 인간언어공학에 활용할 수 있는 감정 온톨로지를 구축할 수 있도록 그 구성요소를 분석하는 데 있다. 텍스트 기반 감정 처리 분야의 선행 연구가 감정을 분류하고, 각 감정의 서술적 어휘 목록을 작성하고, 이를 텍스트에서 검색함으로써, 추출된 감정의 정확도가 높지 않았다. 이에 비해, 본 연구에서 제안하는 감정 온톨로지는 다음과 같은 장점이 있다. 첫째, 감정 표현의 범주를 기술 대상과 방식에 따라 6개 범주로 분류하고, 이들 간 상호 대응관계를 설정함으로써, 멀티모달 환경에 적용할 수 있다. 둘째, 세분화된 감정을 분류할 수 있되, 감정 간 차별성을 가질 수 있도록 24개의 감정 명세를 선별하고, 더 섬세하게 감정을 분류할 수 있는 속성으로 강도와 극성을 설정하였다. 셋째, 텍스트에 나타난 감정 표현을 명시적으로 구분할 수 있도록, 경험자 기술 대상과 방식 언어적 자질에 관한 속성을 도입하였다. 넷째, 본 연구의 감정분류는 Plutchik의 분류와 호환성을 갖고 있으며, 언어적 요소의 기술에서 국제표준의 태그세트를 수용함으로써, 다국어 처리에 활용을 극대화할 수 있도록 고려했다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2014

Forest tree species usually takes for long periods to be harvested and cultivated but spearmints are a good model system for woody plant because of reducing and shortening cultivation time. Spearmints are good model plants (Mentha species) for research about terpenoids production and industrial essential oil manufacture. Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase (Iso) and limonene synthase (Limo) are the key enzymes of terpenoid biosynthesis pathway. Transgenic and wild spearmints (Mentha spicata, MS) were cultured in vitro and assessed for the essential oil contents. The content of essential oil of transgenic spearmint also was enhanced slightly depending on the target terpenoid genes. In an attempt to increase productivity of terpenoids further, salt and fungal elicitation strategy was adopted on transgenic Mentha spicata. The salt (800 mM NaCl) as abiotic and two fungi (Botrytis cinerea and Glomerella cingulata) as biotic were used for elicitors. In the absence of salt stress four terpenoids were detected from the spearmint extracts, all of them being monoterpenes. On the other hand, the transgenic (MSIso) extracts contained eleven terpenoids (10 monoterpenes and 1 phenylpropene) while transgenic (MSLimo) extracts contained seven monoterpenes. After 3 days of fungal infection, the resistance indices further increased to 4.38, 3.89 and 2.04 for wild type, MSIso and MSLimo, respectively. The salt and fungal elicitators proved beneficial towards modifying both the terpenoids profile and improvement in the composition of essential oil. These results have important applications for the large-scale production of essential oils and forest biotechnology with respect to spearmint.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1982

밀도(密度)가 다른 동일시료토(同-試料土)에 시멘트계(系), 물유리계(系) 및 아크릴아미드계(系) 등의 약액(藥液)을 침투주입(浸透注入)시켜 고결토(固結土)에 대한 토질성상변화(土賢性狀變化)를 구명(究明)한 것이다. 더욱, 매우 잘 다져진 지반(地盤) 그리고 유수중(流水中)에서의 주입효과(注入効果)를 검토(檢討)하기 위하여 1액(液) 1계류식(系流式)과 2액(液) 1계류식(系流式)의 특수주입장치(特殊注入裝置)를 설계제작(設計製作)하여 침투주입(浸透注入)을 시도(試圖)하였다. 고결토(固結土)의 전단강도(剪斷强度) 및 차수효과(遮水効果)의 증대(增大)는 주로 점착력(粘着力)에 의한 것으로서 느슨한 상태의 경우는 박막점착력(薄膜粘着力)에 의해서, 조밀한 경우는 구조성점착력(構造性粘着力)에 의해서 증대(增大)된다. 유수중(流水中)에서의 주입효과(注入効果)는 매우 저하(低下)하여 유속(流速) 및 gel time의 변화(變化)에 따라 45~80%의 유효고결률(有効固結率)이 얻어졌으며, 더욱 주입재(注入材)의 입도(粒度)는 침투성(浸透性) 및 이동거리(移動距離)에는 크게 영향(影響)을 미치나 유효고결률(有効固結率)에는 별다른 영향(影響)이 없다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 관입저항분포도(貫入低抗分布圖)와 등강도곡선(等强度曲線)에 의해 다짐정도(程度)가 매우 큰 지반(地盤)에 대한 고결범위(固結範圍), 고결강도(固結强度) 및 약액침투상황(藥液浸透狀況) 등의 주입효과(注入効果)를 합리적(合理的)으로 판정(判定)할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.827-830
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• 2013

To evaluate the effects of feeding four different levels of starter in male Holstein dairy calves, a completely randomized study was conducted, using 28 calves with initial body weight of $40.5{\pm}2.4$ kg. The animals were fed iso-nitrogenous starter and were weaned when they consumed 350, 500, 650 and 800 g/d of starter for 3 d consecutively. Starter and water were available ad-libitum throughout the experiment. Body weight at pre-weaning (less than 5 wk) and post-weaning (8 wk) was lower in calves that received 350 g/d of starter than in the other treatments (p<0.05). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was the highest among all treatments in pre-weaning period (p<0.05). Dry matter intake (DMI) at weaning and total DMI was higher in that calves received 800 g/d of starter compared with other treatments (p<0.05). Calves fed 350 and 500 g/d of starter were weaned earlier (p<0.05) and showed lower milk consumption (kg, DM) compared with other treatments whereas no significant difference was observed between calves fed 350 and 500 g/d of starter (p>0.05). Dry matter, organic matter and crude protein digestibilities were lower in calves that received 350 g/d of starter compared with other treatments (p<0.05). No differences were observed in acid detergent and neutral detergent fiber digestibility among all treatments (p>0.05).Treatments had no significant effect on time of starting rumination, respiratory score, and days of drug administration for pneumonia. There were no meaningful differences in feces, fecal odor scores, body temperature, and days of drug administration for diarrhea among all treatments (p>0.05). Total dry matter intake at the end of experiment showed no significant difference among calves fed 600 and 800 g/d of starter, but calves fed 350 and 500 g/d of starter showed more dry matter (DM) intake than calves in the 600 and 800 g/d groups (p<0.05).

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.152-164
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• 2015

Biological control of major rice diseases has been attempted in several rice-growing countries in Asia during the last few decades and its application using antagonistic bacteria has proved to be somewhat successful for controlling various fungal diseases in field trials. Two novel endophytic Bacillus species, designated strains YC7007 and $YC7010^T$, with antimicrobial, plant growth-promoting, and systemic resistance-inducing activities were isolated from the roots of rice in paddy fields at Jinju, Korea, and their multifunctional activities were analyzed. Strain YC7007 inhibited mycelial growth of major rice fungal pathogens strongly in vitro. Bacterial blight and panicle blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (KACC 10208) and Burkholderia glumae (KACC 44022), respectively, were also suppressed effectively by drenching a bacterial suspension ($10^7cfu/ml$) of strain YC7007 on the rhizosphere of rice. Additionally, strain YC7007 promoted the growth of rice seedlings with higher germination rates and more tillers than the untreated control. The taxonomic position of the strains was also investigated. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that both strains belong to the genus Bacillus, with high similarity to the closely related strains, Bacillus siamensis KACC $15859^T$ (99.67%), Bacillus methylotrophicus KACC $13105^T$ (99.65%), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum KACC $17177^T$ (99.60%), and Bacillus tequilensis KACC $15944^T$ (99.45%). The DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain $YC7010^T$ and the most closely related strain, B. siamensis KACC $15859^T$ was $50.4{\pm}3.5%$, but it was $91.5{\pm}11.0%$ between two strains YC7007 and $YC7010^T$, indicating the same species. The major fatty acids of two strains were anteiso-$C_{15:0}$ and iso $C_{15:0}$. Both strains contained MK-7 as a major respiratory quinone system. The G+C contents of the genomic DNA of two strains were 50.5 mol% and 51.2 mol%, respectively. Based on these polyphasic studies, the two strains YC7007 and $YC7010^T$ represent novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus oryzicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is $YC7010^T$ (= KACC $18228^T$). Taken together, our findings suggest that novel endophytic Bacillus strains can be used for the biological control of rice diseases.