• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.28-32
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• 2004

It was reported that the main cause of intraepithelial neoplasm and squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is human papilloma virus infection, and that the expression of p16 is increased in cells infected by human papilloma virus. We performed an immunocytochemical staining for protein p16 in 17 cases of cervocovaginal smears initially diagnosed as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, to know whether the staining could help the differentiation of neoplastic cells from reactive atypical cells. Of 17 smears, 6 were diagnosed finally as high grade intraepithelial neoplasm or invasive squamous cell carcinoma by follow-up biopsy and smear, and 5 of the 6 were positive for p16. Three were diagnosed as koilocytosis, and one of them was weakly positive for p16. Eight were diagnosed as reactive atypical cells, and all of them were negative for p16. We thought that immunocytochemical staining of p16 in cervocovaginal smears could help the differentiation of neoplastic cells from reactive atypical cells.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2018

백작약 물 추출물과 유기용매 분획물들의 항산화 활성, 트롬빈 억제 및 구강암세포주에서의 암전이 억제 및 암세포 사멸능을 확인하였다. 에틸아세테이트 분획물이 85.13%의 높은 항산화 활성과 87.54%의 높은 트롬빈저해 효과를 나타냈으며, 또한 구강암세포주에서도 트롬빈 처리에 의해 활성화된 MMP-2/pro-MMP-2이 높은 암전이 억제 활성을 나타냈다. 그리고 구강암세포주에 대한 세포사멸 효과는 물 추출물이 5배 이상의 높은 능력을 보였다. 이와 같은 연구 결과를 바탕으로 백작약 에틸아세테이트 분획물은 새로운 항산화제, 트롬빈억제제 및 암전이억제제의 개발을 위한 우수한 천연물 소재 후보 물질로서의 가능성을 제시하고 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5153-5158
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• 2015

Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is an essential cause of cervical cancer. Because of substantial geographical variation in the HPV genotype distribution, data regarding HPV type-specific prevalence for a particular country are mandatory for providing baseline information to estimate effectiveness of currently implemented HPV-based cervical cancer prevention. Accordingly, this review was conducted to evaluate the HR-HPV genotype distribution among Thai women with precancerous cervical lesions i.e. cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2-3 (CIN 2-3), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and invasive cervical cancer by reviewing the available literature. The prevalence of HR-HPV infection among Thai women with CIN 2-3 ranged from 64.8% to 90.1% and the three most common genotypes were HPV 16 (38.5%), HPV 58 (20.0%), and HPV 18 (5.5%). There were high squamous cell carcinoma/CIN 2-3 prevalence ratios in women with CIN 2-3 infected with HPV 33 and HPV 58 (1.40 and 1.38, respectively), emphasizing the importance of these subtypes in the risk of progression to invasive cancer among Thai women. Data regarding the prevalence and genotype distribution of HR-HPV in Thai women with AIS remain unavailable. Interesting findings about the distribution of HPV genotype in cervical cancer among Thai women include: (1) a relatively high prevalence of HPV 52 and HPV 58 in invasive squamous cell carcinoma; (2) the prevalence of HPV 18-related adenocarcinoma is almost double thepreviously reported prevalence, and (3) 75% of neuroendocrine carcinomas are HPV18-positive when taking into account both single and multiple infections.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 1988

1983년 5월부터 1987년 12월 말까지 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 산부인과에 내원하여 자궁경부 악성종양으로 진단 받은 총 202예에 대하여 임상 및 병리 조직학적 조사를 하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 자궁경부암은 같은 기간 동안 발생된 전 여성 악성종양의 10%를 정하였다. 2. 총 202예의 자궁경부 여성 악성종양 중 편평상피암 195예(96.3%), 선암 4예(2%), 편평상피선암 2예(1%), 임파종 1예(0.5%)였다. 편평상피암 중 상피내암이 60예(30.0%), 현미경적 침윤암이 9예(4%), 침윤암이 126예(62.5%)였다. 3. 평균연령은 상피내암이 43.8세, 현미경적 침윤암이 40.0세, 침윤암이 52.1세였다. 4. 주소는 자궁출혈(47.5%), 이상 세포진 검사(15.4%), 이상 자궁분비물(9.4%), 복통(6.9%), 요통(4.5%)순이었다. 5. 주소의 기간은 6개월 이내가 73.2%였으며, 평균 주소기간은 3.8개월이었다. 6. 초혼연령은 19~22세가 46.5%를 차지했으며, 평균 초혼연령은 21.5세였다. 7. 임신회수는 5~8회가 51.5%, 평균 임신회수는 6.2회였다. 분만회수는 1~4회가 61.9%, 평균 분만회수는 3.9회였다. 8. 침윤암 126예의 임상 각기별 분포는 제 1기 48예(31.8%), 제 2기 54예(42.9%), 제 3기 11예(8.7%), 제 4기 8예(6.3%)였다. 9. 세포 유형별 분포는 large cell nonkeratinizing형이 101예(80.2%), keratinizing형이 25예(19.8%)였다. 10. 세포진 검사 106예 중 class I 2예(1.9%), class II 16예(15.1%), class III 33예(31.1%), class IV 31예(29.3%), class V 24예(24.6%)였다. 11. 임파선 전이는 제 1기 3예(7.5%), 제 2 기 6예(11.1%)였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6609-6613
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• 2015

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc metalloproteinases capable of degrading components of connective tissues. MMP-10 is frequently expressed in human cancers. The aim of this study was to immunohistochemically evaluate its expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and verrucous carcinoma (OVC). Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 73 samples (31 OSCC, 22 OVC and 20 non-neoplastic epithelium) was performed. All samples were immunohistochemically stained with monoclonal MMP-10 antibody and expression levels and staining intensity were evaluated with respect to microscopic features. Data were analyzed by SPSS (V.21), Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests. Results: MMP-10 was detected in all OSCC and OVC cases. The expression of MMP-10 in OSCC was intensive (score 3) and in OVC was low and moderate (score 1 and score 2) more frequently. Non- neoplastic epithelium did not show MMP-10 expression. Differences between groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). However, the expression of MMP-10 was not obviously different between various grades of OSCC. Conclusions: According to our study, MMP-10 protein can be important possible factor in the transformation of normal oral epithelium to OVC and OSCC, also the level of MMP-10 expression at invasion front of the lesions can be helpful in the differentiation of OVC and OSCC.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1993년도 제27차 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.89-89
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• 1993

후두의 상피세포에서 발생하는 질환중 전암성병변은 이형성(dysplasia)과 상피내암(carcinoma in situ)등이 있으며, 이들은 진행하게되면 침윤성 악성병변으로 전환하게 된다. 따라서 전암성 병변의 정도를 정확히 구분 및 파악함으로써 침윤성 암종으로의 전환여부를 미리 예견한다는 것은 악성 후두질환의 병태파악 및 예방에 중요한 역할을 차지한다. 이에 저자들은 최근 후두경하에 절제생검을 시행한 26례(침윤성 편평상피세포암 14례, 상피증식증 5례, 성대결절 7례)를 대상으로, 22례에서는 생검조직을 touch imprint법으로 도말하여 Feulgen염색한 후 CAS 200 화상분석기로 DNA함량분석을 시행하였고, 전례에 대하여 파라핀 포매조직에서 Ki-67 단크론성 항체(M1B1)를 이용하여 면역효소염색을 시행한 후 화상분석기로 양성표현율을 측정분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) Ki-67 양성표현율은 침윤성 암종에서 31.65$\pm$11.59%, 상피증식증에서는 20.14$\pm$3.38%, 성대결절에서는 11.66$\pm$3.02%이었다. 2) 핵산지수(DNA index)는 침윤성 암종의 경우 비배수성이 10례 중 7례(70%), 상피증식증에서는 5례중 2례(40%), 성대결절에서는 7례 모두 이배수성을 보였다. 3) DNA함량분석에서 5기와 G2/M기를 합한 증식지수(PI)는 침윤성 암종에서 23.42$\pm$11.33%, 상피증식증에서는 13.09$\pm$10.90%, 성대결절에서는 4.50$\pm$1.19%로 침윤성 암종에서 가장 높았다. 이상의 성적에서 성대의 생검조직과 같은 미세조직으로부터도 DNA함량검사와 함께 Ki-67 양성표현율을 측정함으로써 전암성병변의 악성화 가능성 정도를 예견할 수 있었으며, 악성종양 환자의 예후판정에 도움을 얻을 수 있으리라 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.469-472
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• 2012

The present study was conducted to assess utility of $p16^{INK4a}$ immunopositivity as a surrogate marker for genomic integration of high-risk human papillomavirus infection (hrHPV). A total of 29 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cervical low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), 27 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) and 53 invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), histologically-diagnosed between 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2008 at the University of Malaya Medical Centre were stained for $p^{16INK4a}$ (CINtec Histology Kit (REF 9511, mtm laboratories AG, Heidelberg, Germany). Immunopositvity was defined as diffuse staining of the squamous cell cytoplasm and or nucleus (involving > 75% of the intraepithelial lesions or SCCs). Staining of basal and parabasal layers of intraepithelial lesions was pre-requisite. One (3.4%) LSIL, 24 (88.9%) HSIL and 46 (86.8%) SCC were $p^{16INK4a}$ immunopositive. All normal squamous epithelium did not express $p16^{INK4a}$. $p16^{INK4a}$ expression was significantly lower (p<0.05) in LSIL compared with HSIL and SCC with no difference in expression between HSIL and SCC. The increased $p16^{INK4a}$ immunopositivity in HSIL and SCC appears in line with the integrated existence of the hrHPV and may provide more insightful information on risk of malignant transformation of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions than mere hrHPV detection.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5579-5587
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• 2013

Research indicates that a small population of cancer cells is highly tumorigenic, endowed with the capacity for self-renewal, and has the ability to differentiate into cells that constitute the bulk of tumors. These cells are considered the "drivers" of the tumorigenic process in some tumor types, and have been named cancer stem cells (CSC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) appears to be involved in the process leading to the acquisition of stemness by epithelial tumor cells. Through this process, cells acquire an invasive phenotype that may contribute to tumor recurrence and metastasis. CSC have been identified in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) using markers such as CD133 and CD44 expression, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. Head and neck cancer stem cells reside primarily in perivascular niches in the invasive fronts where endothelial-cell initiated events contribute to their survival and function. Clinically, CSC enrichment has been shown to be enhanced in recurrent disease, treatment failure and metastasis. CSC represent a novel target of study given their slow growth and innate mechanisms conferring treatment resistance. Further understanding of their unique phenotype may reveal potential molecular targets to improve therapeutic and survival outcomes in patients with HNSCC. Here, we discuss the state-of-the-knowledge on the pathobiology of cancer stem cells, with a focus on the impact of these cells on head and neck tumor progression, metastasis and recurrence due to treatment failure.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1785-1787
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• 2016

Granular cell tumor (GCT) of the oral cavity is a benign lesion. Half of oral GCTs demonstrate pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia (PCH) of the mucosa which can mimic invasive islands of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Such similarity can be confusing when diagnosing or evaluating the two conditions, potentially leading to misdiagnosis or misclassification. Indeed, several misdiagnosed cases of oral GCT have been reported in the literature as OSCC or malignant oral GCT that resulted in unnecessary aggressive treatment for the affected patients. The aim of this study was to investigate if the cytokeratin pattern of the PCH can help in differentiating GCT from oral SCC. To distinguish between these two entities, we examined 12 patient specimens of oral GCT-PCH and oral SCC histologically and via immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CK13, CK17 and P75. The results suggest that the cytokeratin profile of PCH is similar to that of oral SCC. Therefore, consideration of IHC findings for epithelial markers alone may lead to erroneous diagnosis; thus, the presence of the granular tumor underneath the PCH and its immunopositivity for P75 or other neural definition markers can be essential to identify the underlying tumor and exclude oral SCC. Finally we recommend more studies on the molecular biology of PCH to understand how it can mimic oral SCC histologically without harboring its malignant phenotype clinically, which could have significant translational potential for understanding invasive oral SCC.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

It becomes more concerned that the cell adhesion molecule plays an important role in the process of malignant transformation and tumor behaviors including invasive growth and metastasis. It is postulated if the expression of adhesion molecule is reduced in tumor tissue, the tumor cell will be undifferentiated and lose their cell adhesion ability and polarity. So the tumor cells lost the adhesion of cell to cell and to basement membrane that they became more aggressive. Reduced cadherin expression enhances invasiveness through infiltrative growth and metastasis of tumor cells is well known and mostly accepted in many epithelia tumors. We explored the expression of E-cadherin by immunohistochemical staining in 50 oral squamous cell carcinomas and investigated the correlation between the expression of E-cadherin and clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis. The expression of E-cadherin was reduced in 40/50(80%) of primary tumors, and 21/22(95.5%) of lymph nodes. The reduced expression of the E-cadherin was associated with lymph node metastasis(P=0.029), invasive mode(P=0.030) and marginal status(P=0.038). Survival analysis showed that predictive period of E-cadherin reduced group(37 months) was lower than that of E-cadherin preserved group(60 months), but there was no statistical significant difference.