• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.562-566
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• 2006

Fat embolism syndrome is a rare clinical diagnosis of dyspnea with acute respiratory failure and neurological signs caused by a traumatic long bone fracture. We report a case of fat embolism in a 22 year-old man after a traffic accident. Dyspnea and stuporous mental changes developed on the $1^{st}$ day after the external fixation operation of a left metaphyseal femur fracture. On the following day, he was transferred from a hospital to this one because of acute respiratory failure. After recovery, macrophages with fat droplets were found in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 1. It is important to diagnose a fat embolism as the correct cause of acute respiratory failure through the BAL in the acute state of fat embolism syndrome It is believed that clinically apparent or sometimes hidden fat embolism syndrome can be diagnosed from the BAL during the recovery state.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.349-362
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• 2018

A non-linear numerical simulation technique for predicting the unsteady performances of an airbreathing engine is developed. The study focuses on the simulation of integrated propulsion systems, where a closer coupling is needed between the airframe and the engine dynamics. In fact, the solution of the fully unsteady flow governing equations, rather than a lumped volume gas dynamics discretization, is essential for modeling the coupling between aero-servoelastic modes and engine dynamics in highly integrated propulsion systems. This consideration holds for any propulsion system when a full separation between the fluid dynamic time-scale and engine transient cannot be appreciated, as in the case of flow instabilities (e.g., rotating stall, surge, inlet unstart), or in case of sudden external perturbations (e.g., gas ingestion). Simulations of the coupling between external and internal flow are performed. The flow around the nacelle and inside the engine ducts (i.e., air intakes, nozzles) is solved by CFD computations, whereas the flow evolution through compressor and turbine bladings is simulated by actuator disks. Shaft work balance and rotor dynamics are deduced from the estimated torque on each turbine/compressor blade row.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.8-17
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• 2015

In this research, low fidelity air/heat load analysis was conducted for the intake of high speed vehicle. For air/heat load calculations, aerodynamic properties at the surface and the boundary layer edge were estimated using Taylor-Maccoll equation for conical flow, shockwave relation and Prandtl-Meyer expansion equation for internal and external flow. Couette flow assumption and Reynolds analogy were used in order to calculate convective heat transfer coefficient. In order to calculate skin friction coefficient for heat transfer coefficient analysis, Van Driest method II and Reference Enthalpy method were considered. An axis symmetric SCRAMJET model was selected as a reference configuration for verifying the proper implementation of the present method. Comparison of the results using the present method and Computational Fluid Dynamic analysis showed that the present method is valuable for efficiently providing pressure and heat loads for air-intake structure design of the high speed air vehicle.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.396-401
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• 2001

Heat transfer analysis of a iron core type linear motor for surface mounting device applications was considered in this study. In order to avoid the complex conjugate problem a fluid flow regime and a solid regime were considered separately. First, film coefficients of the moving parts were evaluated from computational fluid dynamic analysis and those of the stationary parts from the existing empirical or analytic correlations. And then, by applying them, internal and external temperatures of the linear motor pal1s were computed through finite element analysis. Both computation and measurement were carried out with respect to motor driving power. The measurement did not exhibit a linear temperature variation trend with respect to motor power while the computation revealed a linear correlation. Nonetheless, the computations agreed with the measurements within an error range of 20%. It indicates that an adequate heat transfer model for the reciprocative coil assembly may help more exact prediction.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.692-710
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• 2018

The Three-dimensional (3-D) dynamical behaviors of a fluid-conveying pipe subjected to vortex-induced vibration are investigated with different internal flow velocity ${\nu}$. The values of the internal flow velocity are considered in both subcritical and supercritical regimes. During the study, the 3-D nonlinear equations are discretized by the Galerkin method and solved by a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The results indicate that for a constant internal flow velocity ${\nu}$ in the subcritical regime, the peak Cross-flow (CF) amplitude increases firstly and then decrease accompanied by amplitude jumps with the increase of the external reduced velocity. While two response bands are observed in the In-line (IL) direction. For the dynamics in the lock-in condition, 3-D periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic vibrations are observed. A variety of CF and IL responses can be detected for different modes with the increase of ${\nu}$. For the cases studied in the supercritical regime, the dynamics shows a great diversity with that in the subcritical regime. Various dynamical responses, which include 3-D periodic, quasi-periodic as well as chaotic motions, are found while both CF and IL responses are coupled while ${\nu}$ is beyond the critical value. Besides, the responses corresponding to different couples of ${\mu}_1$ and ${\mu}_2$ are obviously distinct from each other.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.45
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• pp.151-186
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• 2009

This article focuses on analysing and interpreting cultural imperialism issues that have long been debated. One of issues among them is related to the characteristics of international cultural fluid. What had been debated is that cultural imperialism has been ended or not and the debates were connected to the so called 'reverse cultural imperialism'. The other issue is about this fluid is the continuation of globalization or a part of localization and this is related to the phenomena of cultural homogenization or hybrid. General trend was that simplistic cultural imperialism which had been occurred during the 1970s and 1980s was no longer effective but global dominance by transnational global media is still strong and worldwide. Therefore my research interest is centered on how they look international cultural exchanges with regard to cultural imperialism. And is the framework of cultural imperialism thesis still effective tool in researching and analysing international cultural flows? How do we look globalization relating to international exchanges? Is globalization an another aspect of imperialism? In conclusion, international cultural fluid is not so simple. Like natural phenomena or human progress, a phenomenon is not consisted of a single factor or relation. Cultural fluid is a complex one mixed with various phenomena and relations. This is related to internal and external contradictions, internal and external dynamics of a society and nation, and social and cultural life of human beings. Recent research results show that globalization and localization are closely related to many country's programming schedule, and particular cultural interpretation of specific programmes and culture are adopted to the country's culture and patterns. Cultural fluid has both-sides. One the hand it has useful and positive sides and on the other hand it has harmful and negative aspects. Imperialistic factor, globalization, cultural homogenization or hybrid are all operated and functioned together in cultual fluid. It is difficult to say that cultural imperialism thesis has been ended because American and global media's dominance is still effective. What needed at this time for us is a complex and dynamic analysis of international cultural fluid instead of simplistic cultural imperialism.

• Journal of The Association for Neo Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.39-55
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• 1996

The theory of seven emotions is a unique theory in oriental medicine which describes the mutual relationship between body and mind of human. Although, the term 'Seven emotions' was not clearly indicated in ${\ulcorner}$The Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic(黃帝內經)${\lrcorner}$, it is appeared in ${\ulcorner}$A Treatise on the Three Catagories of Cause of Diseases(三因方)${\lrcorner}$ written by Chen Yan(陳言) in South-Song Dynasty. It seemed that Chen Yan explained seven emotions as the internal etiologic factor according to the classification of seven emotions of ${\ulcorner}$Ye-Gi(禮記)${\lrcorner}$ under the academic influence during Song Dynasy which emphasized more on the standard of right and wrong rather than individual emotion. Meditation or consideration modulates the function of spleen and stomach and the metabolism of blood and body fluid and it also controls the various emotions and maintains the equilibrium of human body. Human emotions are influenced by the changes of nature and deeply related to time and space including social-environmental factors. The function and strength of seven emotions: joy, anger, anxiety, worry, grief, apprehension and fright are determined by the external stimulation as the causes of illness.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2010

Developments of numerical methods are very important to design and analysis for a high subsonic turbine blade. In general, Analysis by experimental investigation has needed a lot of human resources and required time, indispensably, and equipments still have a limit to measure in conditions of high temperature. Rapid technological developments of CPU and integration level of memory make it possible to advance computation with almost exactly simulation so, recent developments of numerical methods are in spotlight. In the present study, the panel method, which is well-known as relatively simplified numerical method, and 2-dimensional ordinary differential Falkner-Skan equation were computed in order to analyze the outer flow, and FVM-based solid heat transfer equation, was also computed to forecast the temperature distribution of the airfoil and the turbine blade. Unstructured grid was constructed in the turbine blade, which has double cooling holes, in order to analyze the internal heat transfer. Cooling fluid was assumed as fully-developed turbulent flow and that circulated in cooling holes.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.157-166
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• 2008

1. Vertigo and dizziness is also called as Mok-hyun, Hyun-mo, Pung-hyun, Du-pung-hyun-un, Du-sun. 2. Causes and processes of Vertigo and dizziness are mainly divided into external infection and internal damage. Wind, cold, dampness and summer heat are included in the one and in the other, vital energy and blood deficiency, insufficiency of the liver and kidney, retention of phlegm and fluid, emotional disorder and so on. 3. Symptoms of vertigo and dizziness are disequilibrium, nausea, inability of hearing, vomiting, sweating and syncope. 4. Treating of vertigo and dizziness are recovery of vital energy and blood deficiency, strenthening of insufficiency of the liver and kidney, drying of dampness and removing of phlegm.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2017

The concentric dual-buoy Wave Energy Converter (WEC), which consists of external buoy (hallow-cylinder) with toroidal appendage and cylindrical internal buoy within the moon-pool is suggested in this research and its performance in various wave conditions is studied. The Linear Electric Generator (LEG), consisting of a permanent magnet and coils, is used as a direct Power Take-Off (PTO) system. To maximize the electrical energy extracted from the PTO system, the relative heave motions between the dual buoys must be highly amplified by the multiple resonance phenomena of dual-buoy and internal-fluid motions. The high-performance range can be widened by distributing those natural frequencies with respect to the peak frequency of the wave spectrum. The performance of the newly developed dual-buoy WEC was measured throughout the systematic 1:5.95-model test in regular and irregular waves conducted in a wave tank at Seoul National University. The model-test results are also validated by an independently developed numerical method.