• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1995.06a
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• pp.67-78
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• 1995

Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) are a highly diversified class of proteins with major research and commercial applications such as diagnostics and therapeutics. Currently, the dominant method for producing MoAbs is through the hybridoma technique. However, this technique is slow, tedious, labor intensive, and expensive. The production of MoAbs in cultured transgenic plant cells can offer some advantages over that in the over that in the mammalian systems. The media to cultivate plant cells are well defined and inexpensive. Contamination by bacteria or fungi is easily monitored in plant tissue cultures. Furthermore, these contaminants are usually not potent pathogens to human beings. In our interdisciplinary research efforts, heavy chain monoclonal antibody (HC MAb) was inserted into Ti plasmid vector and transferred into A. tumefaciens for the transformation in tobacco cells. It was found that 76% of the transformants produced HC MAb. The presence of HC MAb in the cell membrane fraction indicated that the signal peptide was functional and efficient. The change of the HC MAb concentration during a batch culture followed a similar trend as dry cell concentration, indicating that the production of HC MAb was growth related. The long-term repeated subcultures of 11 cell lines showed that there was no obvious trend of neither the decrease nor the increase of the productivity with the repeated subcultures.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.4 no.S2
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• pp.131-138
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• 1995

The broad beam ion sources of hot filament plasma type have widely used for modifications of materials and thin films, and the new type intensive current broad beam metal ion source including reactive gaseous ion beams is needed for preparing the hard coating films such as DLC, $\beta-C_3N_4$ Carbides, Nitrides, Borides etc. Now a electorn beam evaporation(EBE) broad beam metal ion source has been developed for this purpose in our lab. CN film has been formed by the EBE ion source. Study of the CN film shows that it has high hardness(HK=5800kgf/$\textrm {mm}^2$)and good adhesion. This method can widely changes the ratio of C/N atom's concentrations from 0.14 to 0.6 and has high coating rate. The low energy pocket ion source which was specially designed for surface texturing of medical silicon rubber was also developed. It has high efficiency and large uniform working zone. Both nature texturing and mesh masked texturing of silicon rubbers were performed. The biocompatibility was tested by culture of monocytes, and the results showed improved biocompatibility for the treated silicon rubbers. In addition, the TiB2 film synthesized by IBED is being studied recently in our lab. In this paper, the results which include the hardness, thickness of the films and the AES, XRD analysis as well as the tests of the oxidation of high temperature and erosion will be presented.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2008

Purpose : Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) caused by adenovirus is a highly contagious disease, which has been reported as outbreaks involving adults in the community. However, there has been no report on EKC outbreak by adenovirus in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Korea. Aims of this study were to investigate the EKC outbreak by adenovirus type 8 in NICU and to confirm an effectiveness of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosis. Methods : Conjunctival swab or nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens were taken from all patients and tested by viral culture and PCR. Adenovirus serotype was determined by sequencing of PCR product of selected region of hexon gene using the virus isolates or specimens. Results : An outbreak of EKC occurred which was involving 12 preterm infants in the NICU of the Seoul National University Children's Hospital between July 12th and August 1st, 2005. Three hospital staffs and one family member of the neonate were also affected. Adenovirus was detected in 12/12 (100%), 6/11 (54.5%) by PCR and virus culture, respectively. Eleven PCR-positive neonates were identified as serotype 8 by sequencing. The first affected 4 babies have had routine ROP (retinopathy of prematurity) examinations one week ago. While previous outbreaks were sustained for a few months, the event in our unit was controlled without complications in 3 weeks. Conclusion : We analyzed the EKC outbreak by adenovirus type 8 in NICU. Adenovirus serotype was identified by PCR and sequencing with high sensitivity for the first time in Korea, so we suggest this method can be very useful for rapid diagnosis and infection control.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.365-376
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• 2020

Immature embryogenesis is a useful process in wheat tissue culture, including transgenic technology, because of its high regeneration efficiency compared to that in other tissues. However, it is a very labor-intensive and time-restrictive method, because the preparation of immature embryos is limited to the optimal time after flowering. In this experiment, 'Speed Breeding', a breeding technique that accelerates breeding generation advancement by extending the photoperiod, was applied to the wheat variety 'Bobwhite'. A controlled growth room was constructed by adjusting the photoperiod (22-hour light/2-hour dark) using LED lights at temperature of 22℃. After vernalization of the Bobwhite seeds at 4℃ for 4 weeks, the seedlings were grown in a controlled growth room and a greenhouse to compare the heading date. In both conditions, calli were induced from immature embryos on the 11^th day after flowering. After 4 weeks, the calli were transferred to a regeneration medium. Regeneration efficiencies under greenhouse conditions and Speed Breeding conditions were determined as 45.05% and 43.18%, respectively. Antioxidant enzyme activity and reference gene expression analysis were performed to confirm the presence of stress due to an extremely long-day photoperiod. As a result, the antioxidant enzyme activity was not distinguished from that of the greenhouse condition. The reference gene expression analysis revealed that the PsaA and CDC genes were highly expressed under the Speed Breeding condition. However, expression of PsbA was similar expression in both conditions. These results will provide useful information for the application of immature embryogenesis to the wheat transformation system.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 1963

According to the experiment on pure-isolation and the related contaminants of Chlorella, the phenomena of the ecological distributions of Chlorella in Korea have been manifested in several areas and also the aim that in going to do culture, biological and physiological study of Chlorella is carried out. Contaminants very oftenly occupied on the colony of the strains taken in order to fulfil pure-isolation of Chlorella, but in accordance with being piled up the minute research on this subject, I can obtain the desirable results as follows: 1. For the pure-isolation, the duration chose the time from May to September 1957 so that may easily isolate from contaminant water with utilizing the antibiotic substances. 2. To take long time, 36-48 hours until growth of nascent through the non-sporulated, it originates from the difference of the cultured media. In addition to the above mention, the mechanism of growth until nascent through the sporulated must not always require the ligh. However the supply of metabolic energy depend upon its nutritional conditions per phase. 3. The culture of Chlorella should be based on the lower culturing except adding especial conditions such as reagent concentration of media, artifical shake of media and other facts due to the natural conditions. And also these strains grew not only in distilled water but 2% NaCl solution without any abnormality in cell it self. I, therefore, guess it is possible to culture in sea-water under phasic environment. 4. In the experiment of ammonia detection, it is caused by the sampling surroundings to contain the minute quantity of ammonia in strain No. M 918; that is the place to be plenty of Carbohydrate on behalf of protein. 5. To compare the absorption curve of chlorophyll of higher plant with that of Chlorella, the absorption zone made mostly the Same ones each other but a little absorption grade dose not clearly appear. The colony which formed giant type grows with intensive colour and green band on surrounding of the colony and after that it was changed into all the green colour and developed up to end. 6. At first phase for a week, the development of Chlorella suspends the normal condition as in vivo but after a few days, the colour of chlorophyll gradually changed into blue-yellow which secrete the mucous substances on the agar media. The cell was flew out the contained substances itself on leaving the cell wall only, or the various micro-organism diffused on the outer-region of the cell.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.960-968
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• 2021

Since microalgae research started on late 18 century, they have been recognized as one of the most important bioresources used in bioindustry. Owing to the large efforts paid to industrial application of this microorganisms, their importance on food/feed and bioactive compounds has been further extending into the environmental research areas including alternative energy resources, mitigation of the carbon emission, and waste-water treatment. However, despite the importance on their industrial application, the fundamental research field related to the long-term preservation of microalgae culture has not received much attention. However, a less labor intensive and cost-efficient preservation technology enabling biologically active and stable microalgae-culture provides a key success factor in the biotechnological application. Therefore, this study investigated various cutting-edge microalgae cryopreservation technologies currently developed so far, mainly targeting Chlorophyta, which occupies the largest taxon in the classification system of microalgae. In addition, for the development of successful cryopreservation technique, the key factors such as temperature control effect and preservative effect during cryopreservation of microalgae culture were investigated. In addition, the problems with current preservation technology that is being used in Korean domestic biological resource banks and the international microalgal resource banks are described. According to our investigation, currently no standard method for long-term preservation of microalgae is available due to their various morphological and physiological characteristics. To overcome such issues, much more efforts on fundamental research area on the identification of specific biomarker used for microalgae taxonomical classification and further systemic approaches based on strain-specific cryopreservation methods needed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.73 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 2012

Background: The prevalence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is steadily decreasing in South Korea. However, PTB is a disease with relatively high mortality and morbidity rates throughout Korea. Although there are many studies and statistics about the risk factors of PTB mortality in many countries, there are only a limited number of domestic papers on this topic. The aim of this study is to determine predictive factors for mortality among in-hospital patients associated with PTB. Methods: From December 2006 to January 2011, we reviewed medical records of 2,122 adult patients diagnosed with tuberculosis at a single tertiary hospital in a suburban area. In this study period, 960 patients were diagnosed with PTB by positive Acid fast bacilli smear and/or mycobacterial culture of the respiratory specimen. We compared the groups of patients deceased and patients discharged alive with PTB. The number of dead patients was 82 (47 males, 35 females). Results: Mortality was significantly associated with increased values of white blood cells (WBC), blood urine nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP), numbers of involved lung field, and length of hospitalization. Also, it was associated with the decreased values of hemoglobin, lymphocyte, sodium, albumin, and cholesterol. Furthermore, admission through the emergency department, initial intensive care unit admission, and drug resistant PTB affected mortality in PTB patients. Independent predictors associated with PTB mortality are BUN, initial intensive care unit care, and admission during treatment of tuberculosis. Conclusion: In our study, mortality of pulmonary tuberculosis was related with parameters associated with nutritional status, disease severity at the time of admission, and drug resistance.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.339-345
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• 2008

Farming of the fleshy shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis which is a major cultured species in the west coast of South Korea, has been suffered :trom mass mortality due to disease epizootics including viruses. Since the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei was introduced to Korea in 2003, farming of this species has rapidly increased for years, occupying 62.5% of total cultured shrimp production in 2007. However the studies on L. vannamei culture methods for shrimp farming situations in Korea are very limited. Nursery culture of shrimp larvae has some advantages including increased survival, improved feed efficiencies, enhanced growth performance and reduced grow-out period. In this study, L. vannamei postlarvae (${PL_3}-{PL_{10}}$) with a density of $3,750-9,090/m^3$ were cultured in four raceways under limited water exchange condition for 35 days. Survival was the highest (93.6%) in tank stocked with $4,090/m^3$ and was the lowest in tank with $9,090/m^3$ (58.1 %). Mean body weight at harvest ranged from 0.071 to 0.108 g, and FCR was 0.59-0.70 in all tanks. Concentration of total ammonia nitrogen was increased up to 20 ppm on day 10 in all tanks and thereafter gradually decreased by the third week of culture. Nitrite-nitrogen was rapidly increased from the third week, representing bio-floc condition by developed nitrifying bacterial community. Of the present nursery system some modification of structure and consideration for commercial scale are needed in order to be implemented to shrimp farmers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship and the importance of relevant variables among structure, process, and outcome dimensions of nursing department in hospitals. The subject for this study was the registered nurses(N=400) working in medical, intensive care, and surgical units at 5 general hospitals with more than 500beds in Chungnam and Chungbuk. The research design was cross-sectional correlation among the variables based on their self description. The survey instrument was based on eleven structured questionnaires. The data were collected from April 26 to May 26, 1999. The SPSS/PC+ program and LISREL 8.12a program were used to analyze the data. Based on the data collected, the following results were obtained. The relationship among structural, procedural, and outcome dimensions 1. Structural dimension had a relationship with procedural dimension relating to decision-making of caregiving and working conditions, in particular, participation of the problem identification. 2. The extent of participation in decision-making had a relationship with organizational commitment and group effectiveness through the selection process among the total decision-making processes. 3. The structural dimension had a large direct effect rather than indirect effect through decision making processes on organizational commitment and group effectiveness. The relationship of structure, process, outcome dimensions was partially supported by this study. The information obtained from surveys in the field form the basis for the following recommendations for improving organizational effectiveness with in the nursing department in an hospitals. 1) Establishment of decentralized structure, environment, and culture in organizational settings would be desirable so that their members may actively participate in decision-making process. 2) Continuous education and training of nurses with theoretical Knowledge and skill of decision making, practical knowledge, and upright role perception should be highly emphasized for persons in nursing schools and in on-the-job training.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.41-52
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• 2009

In contemporary art, soft materials are used in various forms and ways as a medium expressing contingency beyond a simple nature of materials. In the late 1960's, the appearance of soft sculpture as a refusal of the stereotyped 'Erection' characteristic of traditional sculpture served as an opportunity for more attention to soft materials. Fashion is the reflection of age, and the mirror of society, culture and arts. In other words, soft sculpture and fashion are artistic behaviors in the same context, which have neither been fixed nor erected. This study finds its significance in analyzing correlation between soft sculpture and fashion, and the importance of contingency as artistic expression means in this age when boundaries between genres are obscure, and artistic values are given to fashion. By doing so, it aims to present the direction toward which fashion should face in the future, establishing a new aesthetic consciousness with which more creative and various expressions are available in fashion as well. This study presented as its theoretical background the concept of soft sculpture affected by Marcel Duchamp among representative examples of the contingency that started to appear in art starting in the early 20th century. It also analyzed the soft sculpture appeared in 1960s and the expression methods and features of contingency appeared in fashion after late 1990s through a new approach of piling up, hanging up, and tying, three categories classified by Maurice $Fr{\acute{e}}churet$. Common features of the contingency expressed in soft sculpture and fashion were derived in the analysis, which are intensive effects of energy, values given to physical properties themselves, and esthetics of anti-form.