• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.540-544
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• 2007

Researches on Sensor Network has become much more active and is currently being applied to many different fields. However since sensor network is limited to only collecting and reporting information regarding a certain event, and requires human intervention with that given information, it is often difficult to react to an event or situation immediately and proactively. To overcome this kind of limitation, Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs) with immediate-response Actor Nodes has been proposed which adds greater mobility and activity to exisiting sensor networks. Although WSANs shares many common grounds with sensor networks, it is difficult to apply exisiting security technologies due to the fact that WSAN contains Actor Nodes that are resource-independent and mobile. This research therefore seeks to demonstrate ways to provide security, integrity and authentication services for WSAN's secure operation, by separating networks into hierarchcial structure by each node's abilities and providing different encryption key-based secure protocols for each level of hierarchy: Pair-wise Key, Node Key, and Region Key for sensor levels, and Public Key for actor levels.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.12C no.5 s.101
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• pp.623-632
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• 2005

In ad-hoc network, there is no fixed infrastructure such as base stations or mobile switching centers. The security of ad-hoc network is more vulnerable than traditional networks because of the basic characteristics of ad-hoc network, and current muting protocols for ad-hoc networks allow many different types of attacks by malicious nodes. Malicious nodes can disrupt the correct functioning of a routing protocol by modifying routing information, by fabricating false routing information and by impersonating other nodes. We propose a routing suity mechanism based on one-time digital signature. In our proposal, we use one-time digital signatures based on one-way hash functions in order to limit or prevent attacks of malicious nodes. For the purpose of generating and keeping a large number of public key sets, we derive multiple sets of the keys from hash chains by repeated hashing of the public key elements in the first set. After that, each node publishes its own public keys, broadcasts routing message including one-time digital signature during route discovery and route setup. This mechanism provides authentication and message integrity and prevents attacks from malicious nodes. Simulation results indicate that our mechanism increases the routing overhead in a highly mobile environment, but provides great security in the route discovery process and increases the network efficiency.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.15C no.6
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• pp.573-586
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• 2008

The improved performance and miniaturization of computer and the improvement of wireless communication technology have enabled the emergence of many high quality services. Among them multicast services are receiving much attention and their usage is increasing due to the increase of Internet multimedia services such as video conference, multimedia stream, internet TV, etc. Security plays an important role in mobile multicast services. In this paper, we proposed a secure multicast protocol for a hierarchical micro-mobility environment. The proposed secure multicast protocol provides security services such as authentication, access control, confidentiality and integrity using mechanisms including symmetric/asymmetric key crypto-algorithms and capabilities. To provide forward/backward secrecy and scalability, we used sub-group keys based on the hierarchical micro-mobility environment. With this security services, it is possible to guard against all kinds of security attacks performed by illegal mobile nodes. Attacks executed by internal nodes can be thwarted except those attacks which delete packet or cause network resources to be wasted. We used simulator to measure the performance of proposed protocol. As a result, the simulation showed that effect of these security mechanisms on the multicast protocol was not too high.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.115-125
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• 2011

Cryptographic hash functions are also called one-way functions and they ensure the integrity of communication data and command by detecting or blocking forgery. Also hash functions can be used with other security protocols for signature, authentication, and key distribution. The SHA-1 was widely used until it was found to be cryptographically broken by Wang, et. al, 2005. For this reason, NIST launched the SHA-3 competition in November 2007 to develop new secure hash function by 2012. Many SHA-3 hash functions were proposed and currently in review process. To choose new SHA-3 hash function among the proposed hash functions, there have been many efforts to analyze the cryptographic secureness, hardware/software characteristics on each proposed one. However there are few research efforts on the SHA-3 from the point of power consumption, which is a crucial metric on hardware module. In this paper, we analyze the power consumption characteristics of the SHA-3 hash functions when they are made in the form of ASIC hardware module. Also we propose power efficient hardware architecture on Luffa, which is strong candidate as a new SHA-3 hash function. Our proposed low power architecture for Luffa achieves 10% less power consumption than previous Luffa hardware architecture.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.183-194
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• 2018

With the rapid development of IoT(Internet of Things) technology, various convenient services such as smart home and smart city have been realized. However, IoT devices in unmanned environments are exposed to various security threats including eavesdropping and data forgery, information leakage due to unauthorized access. To build a secure IoT environment, it is necessary to use proper cryptographic technologies to IoT devices. But, it is impossible to apply the technologies applied in the existing IT environment, due to the limited resources of the IoT devices. In this paper, we survey the classification of IoT devices according to the performance and analyze the security requirements for IoT devices. Also we survey and analyze the use of cryptographic technologies in the current status of IoT open standard platform such as AllJoyn, oneM2M, IoTivity. Based on the research of cryptographic usage, we examine whether each platform satisfies security requirements. Each IoT open platform provides cryptographic technology for supporting security services such as confidentiality, integrity, authentication an authorization. However, resource constrained IoT devices such as blood pressure monitoring sensors are difficult to apply existing cryptographic techniques. Thus, it is necessary to study cryptographic technologies for power-limited and resource constrained IoT devices in unattended environments.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.169-185
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• 2017

Juliano Rizzo and Thai Duong, the authors of the BEAST attack [11, 12] on SSL, have proposed a new attack named CRIME [13] which is Compression Ratio Info-leak Made Easy. The CRIME exploits how data compression and encryption interact to discover secret information about the underlying encrypted data. Repeating this method allows an attacker to eventually decrypt the data and recover HTTP session cookies. This security weakness targets in SPDY and SSL/TLS compression. The attack becomes effective because the attacker is enable to choose different input data and observe the length of the encrypted data that comes out. Since Transport Layer Security (TLS) ensures integrity of data transmitted between two parties (server and client) and provides strong authentication for both parties, in the last few years, it has a wide range of attacks on SSL/TLS which have exploited various features in the TLS mechanism. In this paper, we will discuss about the CRIME and other versions of SSL/TLS attacks along with countermeasures, implementations. We also present direction for SSL/TLS attacks resistance in practice.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.10C
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• pp.1015-1026
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• 2002

As per increasing research interest in the field of collaborative computing in recent year, the importance of security issues on that area is also incrementally growing. Generally, the persistency of collaborative system is facilitated with conventional authentication and cryptography schemes. It is however, hard to meet the access control requirements of distributed collaborative computing environments by means of merely apply the existing access control mechanisms. The distributed collaborative system must consider the network openness, and various type of subjects and objects while, the existing access control schemes consider only some of the access control elements such as identity, rule, and role. However, this may cause the state of security level alteration phenomenon. In order to handle proper access control in collaborative system, various types of access control elements such as identity, role, group, degree of security, degree of integrity, and permission should be taken into account. Futhermore, if we simply define all the necessary access control elements to implement access control algorithm, then collaborative system consequently should consider too many available objects which in consequence, may lead drastic degradation of system performance. In order to improve the state problems, we propose a novel access control framework that is suitable for the distributed collaborative computing environments. The proposed scheme defines several different types of object elements for the accessed objects and subjects, and use them to implement access control which allows us to guarantee more solid access control. Futhermore, the objects are distinguished by three categories based on the characteristics of the object elements, and the proposed algorithm is implemented by the classified objects which lead to improve the systems' performance. Also, the proposed method can support scalability compared to the conventional one. Our simulation study shows that the performance results are almost similar to the two cases; one for the collaborative system has the proposed access control scheme, and the other for it has not.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.377-386
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• 2003

In this paper, we present an application layer protocol to support secure wireless Internet services, called Application Layer Security(ALS). The drawbacks of the two traditional approaches to secure wireless applications motivated the development of ALS. One is that in the conventional application-specific security protocol such as Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol(S-HTTP), security mechanism is included in the application itself. This gives a disadvantage that the security services are available only to that particular application. The other is that a separate protocol layer is inserted between the application and transport layers, as in the Secure Sockets Layer(SSL)/Transport Layer Security(TLS). In this case, all channel data are encrypted regardless of the specific application's requirements, resulting in much waste of network resources. To overcome these problems, ALS is proposed to be implemented on top of HTTP so that it is independent of the various transport layer protocols, and provides a common security interface with security applications so that it greatly improves the portability of security applications. In addition, since ALS takes advantages of well-known TLS mechanism, it eliminates the danger of malicious attack and provides applications with various security services such as authentication, confidentiality integrity and digital signature, and partial encryption. We conclude this paper with an example of applying ALS to the solution of end-to-end security in a present commercial wireless protocol stack, Wireless Application Protocol.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.13-19
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• 2019

This paper analyzed the SCMS and pilot policy, which is pursued by the U.S. government in connected vehicles. SCMS ensures authentication, integrity, privacy and interoperability. The SCMS Support Committee of U.S. government has established the National Unit SCMS and is responsible for system-wide control. Of course, it introduces security policy, procedures and training programs making. In this paper, the need for SCMS to be applied to C-ITS was discussed. The structure of the SCMS was analyzed and the U.S. government's filot policy for connected vehicles was discussed. The discussion of the need for SCMS highlighted the importance of the role and responsibilities of SCMS between vehicles and vehicles. The security certificate management system looked at the structure and analyzed the type of certificate used in the vehicle or road side unit (RSU). The functions and characteristics of the certificates were reviewed. In addition, the functions of basic safety messages were analyzed with consideration of the detection and warning functions of abnormal behavior in SCMS. Finally, the status of the pilot project for connected vehicles currently being pursued by the U.S. government was analyzed. In addition to the environment used for the test, the relevant messages were also discussed. We also looked at some of the issues that arise in the course of the pilot project.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.103-110
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• 2022

Online transactions are more familiar in various fields due to the development of the ICT and the increase in trading platforms. In particular, the amount of transactions is increasing due to the increase in used transaction platforms and users, and reliability is very important due to the nature of used transactions. Among them, the used car market is very active because automobiles are operated over a long period of time. However, used car transactions are a representative market to which information asymmetry is applied. In this paper presents a DID-based transaction model that guarantees reliability to solve problems with false advertisements and false sales in used car transactions. In the used car transaction model, sellers only register data issued by the issuing agency to prevent false sales at the time of initial sales registration. It is authenticated with DID Auth in the issuance process, it is safe from attacks such as sniping and middleman attacks. In the presented transaction model, integrity is verified with VP's Proof item to increase reliability and solve information asymmetry. Also, through direct transactions between buyers and sellers, there is no third-party intervention, which has the effect of reducing fees.