• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2023

The fuel cell in fuel cell electric vehicle utilizes oxygen in the atmosphere, which requires the use of an air cleaner system to minimize the intake of harmful pollutants. To estimate the performance of the air cleaner system, the pressure drop between the filter inlet and outlet is used under the rated air flow condition. In this study, the effect of sensor error in this air cleaner testing is experimentally carried out. It is found that the errors of the temperature sensor does not significantly affect the estimation of pressure drop. However, in the case of the pressure sensor, 5% sensor error results in the error of pressure drop estimation by 3%. Therefore, it is recommended that the measurement accuracy of the pressure sensor mounted in test system should be maintained at less than 5%.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.628-637
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• 2020

In poultry diets, a requirement of crude protein is one of the most important factors in poultry productivity. Besides, the Pekin duck requirement of crude protein is still not clear. This experiment was conducted to determine the crude protein requirement of Pekin duck on diet formulation by investigation of growth performance, carcass trait, and analysis of blood parameter for a hatch to 21-day (d) of age. A total of 432 male White Pekin ducks were randomly allocated to six levels of crude protein (i.e., 15%, 17%, 19%, 21%, 23%, and 25%) to give six replicate pens per treatment with 12 ducklings per each pen. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly by calculating feed conversion ratio and protein intake. Two ducklings each pen was euthanized via cervical dislocation for analysis of carcass trait and plasma blood on 21-d of age. Data were applied on both prediction linear-plateau and quadratic-plateau models by estimation of the crude protein requirements. Data were applied on both prediction linear-plateau and quadratic-plateau models by estimation of the crude protein requirements. The level of crude protein requirements of Pekin ducks for 21 days after the hatch was estimated to be 20.63% and 23.25% diet for maximum daily gain, and minimum feed conversion ratio, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.763-769
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• 2020

Objective: The experiment was conducted to study the effect of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruit peel powder (RP) on feed consumption, digestibility of nutrients, ruminal fermentation dynamics and microbial population in Thai breed cattle. Methods: Four, 2-year old (250±15 kg) beef bull crossbreds (75% Brahman×25% local breed) were allotted to experimental treatments using a 4×4 Latin square design. Four dietary supplementation treatments were imposed; non-supplementation (control, T1); supplementation of RP fed at 2% of dry matter intake (DMI) (low, T2); supplementation of RP fed at 4% of DMI (medium, T3) and supplementation of RP fed at 6% of DMI (high, T4). All cattle were given a concentrate supplement at 1% of body weight while Napier grass was provided as a free choice. Results: The findings revealed that RP supplementation did not negatively affect (p>0.05) DMI of Napier grass, while RP intake and total DMI were the greatest in the RP supplementation at 4% and 6% DMI. Nevertheless, the nutrients (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber) digestibilities were not changed in the RP supplementation groups. Rumen fermentation parameters especially those of total volatile fatty acids, acetate and butyrate were not significantly changed. However, the propionate concentration was remarkably increased (p<0.05) in the RP supplementation. Notably, the ratio of acetate to propionate, the number of protozoa, as well as the methane estimation were significantly reduced in the RP supplemented groups (4% and 6% of DMI), while the counts of bacteria was not altered. Conclusion: Supplementation of RP (4% of DMI) improved rumen propionate production, reduced protozoal population and methane estimation (p<0.05) without a negative effect on feed consumption and nutrients total tract digestibilities in beef cattle. Using dietary rambutan fruit peel powder has potential promise as a rumen regulator.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.170-177
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• 2021

Background: The International Commission on Radiological Protection is preparing to provide reference dose coefficients for environmental radioiodine intake based on newly developed age-specific biokinetic models. However, the biokinetics of iodine has been reported to be strongly dependent on the dietary intake of stable iodine; for example, the thyroidal uptake of iodine may be substantially lower in iodine-rich regions than in iodine-deficient regions. Therefore, this study attempted to establish a system of age-specific thyroid dose estimation for South Koreans, whose daily iodine intakes are significantly higher than that of the world population. Materials and Methods: Korean age-specific biokinetic parameters and thyroid masses were derived based on the previously developed Korean adult model and the Korean anatomical reference data for adults, respectively. This study complied with the principles used in the development of age-specific biokinetic models for world population and used the ratios of baseline values for each age group relative to the value for adults to derive age-specific values. Results and Discussion: Biokinetic model predictions based on the Korean age-specific parameters showed significant differences in iodine behaviors in the body compared to those predicted using the model for the world population. In particular, the Korean age-specific thyroid dose coefficients for ¹²⁹I and ¹³¹I were considerably lower than those calculated for the world population (25%-76% of the values for the world population). Conclusion: These differences stress the need for Korean-specific internal dose assessments for infants and children, which can be achieved by using the data calculated in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.767-773
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• 1994

The dietary fiber intakes of Korean were estimated based on the data from the National Nutrition Survey in 1989. From the data, 566 foods which contain dietary fiber were selected.The intake estimation was done based on these foods. Results were summarized as followed ; Mean DF intake of nationwide population was 17.53g/day and most of these were come from vegetables. Mean DF intake of rural population was slightly lower than that of urban's. Major sources of DF were vegetables, cereals & grain products, seaweeds, fruits, fungi & mushrooms and legumens & their products in order. Vegetables were the major sources of DF which occupied 32.4% of total intake. Among them, kimchi and red pepper were the representative sources. Among cereals & grain products, rice was found to be the most important DF source occupying 12.2% of total DF. And fried noodle, loaf bread and barley were followed. Sea mustard among seaweeds, apples and persimmons among fruits, oyster mushroom and mushroom among fungi & mushrooms and soybean sprout among legumes & their products were favorable sources of DF. 653 households out of 1, 925(33.9%) were consummed 10~15g of DF per day.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2005

This study was carried out to measure the amount of daily intake on three synthetic food red colors (Amaranth: R2, Erythrosine: R3, Allura Red: R40) in foods by Korean. Analysis of three synthetic food red colors was conducted by HPLC with the foods including bread, confection, candy, alcoholic beverage, soft drink, ice cream, chocolate, and chewing gum. Recovery rates from the known concentrations of three standard food red colors which were spiked into foods were ranged from 85.1 to 100.4 (%) for each foods. Total Estimated Daily Intake (∑EDI) was from 0 to 1.632 mg/kg bw/day for each food item and from 0.512 to 7.281 mg/person/day for ages (1∼over 65 years old). The data of average food intake for each food item per person per day were obtained from the report of Korean National Nutrition Survey conducted by the Korea Ministry of Health and Welfare in 2001. Total EDI of each red colors per person per day were showed as follows; 0.742 mg/kg bw/day for R2, 0.391 mg/kg bw/day for R3 and 2.018 mg/kg bw/day for R40 as total amount respectively, and the ranges of these values were 0.5∼7.1% of FAO/WHO's Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) values. Therefore, the amount of daily intake of three synthetic food red colors in Korea was regarded as safe.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.1345-1355
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• 2000

The main route of exposure of the human population to polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxins(PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans(PCDFs) is through the diet. However in Korea, there are few studies on PCDDs/PCDFs levels in environmental samples and foods. The purpose of this study is to analyze concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs in Korean retail foods and to estimate dietary daily intake of them. 9 samples from animal food and 10 samples from plant food were analysed for PCDDs/PCDFs. Concentrations of PCDDs/PCDFs ranged from 0.02(milk) to 5.39(anchovy)pg/g. TEQ levels appeared in order of fish/shellfish, meat, vegetable, cereal, fruit and milk, and these values ranged from 0.0008 to 0.3153pgTEQ/g. The daily intake of PCDDs/PCDFs via food was calculated to be about 37.7pgTEQ/day and these values are equivalent to 0.75 pgTEQ/kg b.w./day, under consideration of 50kg for body weight. The daily intake of PCDDs/PCDFs via food was lower than that in other countries. From these results, it is important to note that fish/shellfish intake is one of the main sources of PCDDs/PCDFs exposure in Korea.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.768-772
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• 2006

To assess the dietary exposure to 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) from soy sauces, the levels of 3-MCPD in commercial soy sauces were analyzed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Sixty nine out of the 72 soy sauces tested contained a level of 3-MCPD below $0.3\;{\mu}g/g$, the maximum limit in Korea. The average concentration of the 72 samples was $0.080\;{\mu}g/g$ and the highest concentration was $3.131\;{\mu}g/g$. On the basis of the consumption data, 3-MCPD concentration and body weight, the estimated daily exposures to 3-MCPD were ranged from 0.037 to $0.146\;{\mu}g/kg$ body weight (bw)/day for 95th percentile exposed population groups. Our estimated daily exposures are significantly lower than the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of $2\;{\mu}g/kg$ bw/day, which was established by the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA).

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.114-130
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• 1984

The structure of food demand is being changed according to the improvement of living standard. Moreover, the intake of animal protein is stepping up. This paper considers how much fresh-fish is consumed as source of animal protein and what extent fresh-fish have substitutive relation for meat with special reference to the change of income and price of fresh-fish and meat. And it is thought to be important work to estimate demand of fresh-fish in attemps to the prediction of food consume pattern and fishing industries in the future. For this estimation, the substitutive relation of fresh-fish and meat is essentially studied. The main conclusions of this study can be drawn as follows: 1. Fresh-fish and meat have substitutive relation on price axis. By the way, increase in demand of A (fresh-fish which have comparatively low price) can be expected according to the low of it's price against meat, but B (fresh-fish wihich have comparatively middle-high price) have peculiar demand without substitutive relation for meat. 2. Demand of A and B rise according to the income increases. 3. It is not sufficient to explain substutive relation of fresh-fish and meat without income variable. 4. Income increases bring about the more increase in demand of B than A. By the way, price increases bring about the decrease of it's consume expenditure, but A have fundamental demand as the source of animal protein. 5. In future, the intake of animal protein will step up. By the way, meat will occupy the more portion of the source of animal protein than fresh-fish.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 1997

In order to investigate the dietary intakes and physical characteristics in college women smokers, interviews using questionnaires were done on 33 smokers and 42 nonsmokers residing in seoul area. General living habits, dietary habits, food consumption frequency and nutrient intake by quick estimation were investigated through direct interviews with subjects. Subjects height, weight and blood pressure were measured, and body fat percentage were statistically analyzed using Bio-electrical Impedence Fatness Analyzer(GIF-891). All data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC package program ; percentage or mean and standard error were examined for each item, and the significant difference was evaluated by chi-square test or Student's t-test at $\alpha$=0.05. In the analysis of taste and food preference, smokers consumed larger amount of alcohol and coffee than nonsmokers ; they also disliked sweet taste. The results of food consumption frequency data also showed that smokers consumed less fish, milk and fruits but consumed more instant foods than nonsmokers. As a result of anthropometric measurements, height, age, and 패요 fat percentage showed no difference, but there was a significant difference in weight, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Energy intake in nonsmokers was 1640 ㎉/day(CHO : Pro : Fat=66.0 : 14.7 : 19.3), in smokers. Intakes of calcium, iron, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin in smokers were not significantly different from those of nonsmokers.