• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.66-79
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• 2016

A discussion has recently emerged over the increase of approvals of K-REITs, which is concluded on the basis of how to raise funds for business activity, fulfill the expected rate of return and maximize the management of managing investment funds. In addition, corporations need to acknowledge the necessity of the capital structure reflected in the current economic environment and decision-making processes. This research analyzed the characteristics by investment types and influence factors about the debt ratio of K-REITs. The data were collected from general management about business state, investment, and finance from 2002 to 2015 in K-REITs (except for the GFC period of 2007~2009). The results of the research demonstrated the high ratios of the largest shareholder characteristics, which are corporation, pension funds, mutual funds, banks, securities, insurance, and, recently, the increasing ratio of the largest shareholder and major stockholder. The investment of K-REITs is increasing the role of institutional investors that take a leading development of K-REITs. The behaviors of simultaneous investment of institutional investors were analyzed to show that they received higher interest rates than other financial institutions and ran in parallel with attraction and compensation. The results of the multiple regressions analysis, utilizing variables about debt ratio were as follows. The debt ratio showed a negative (-) relation that profitability is increasing, which matches the pecking order theory and trade off theory. On the other hand, investment opportunities (growth potential) showed a negative (-) relation and assets scale that indicated a positive (+) relation. The research results are reflected as follows. K-REITs focused on private equity REITs more than public offering REITs, and in the case of financing the capital of others, loan capital is operated under the guarantee of tangible assets (most of real estate) more than financing of the stock market. Further, after the GFC, the capital of others was actively utilized in K-REITs business, and the debt ratio showed that the determinant factors by the ratio and characteristics of the largest shareholder and investment products.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.65-92
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• 2015

Driven by the development of information technologies, information system (IS) use has been common even in military organizations. In particular, field artillery is currently using the Battalion Tactical Commanding System-A1 (BTCS-A1) to improve fire support. The use of BTCS-A1 makes fire-commanding processes simple and autonomous, which leads to shorten time to support fire. Although BTCS-A1 has been considered as a helpful system, there still exists some dispute regarding its effectiveness and impact on task performance. By conceptualizing BTCS-A1 use as appropriation, this study investigates how BTCS-A1 appropriation promotes task performance. We also hypothesize that IS quality, organizational pressure (institutional pressure and supervisor influence), and team climate (team learning climate and team empowerment climate) increase the appropriation. Survey results show that organizational pressure and team climate promote BTCS-A1 appropriation, which improves users' task performance. However, effect of IS quality is not significant. Theoretical and practical implications are presented.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.431-455
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to suggest methods to apply generalizability theory to mathematics teacher evaluation using classroom observations in Korea by analysing mathematics teachers in the U.S. using the instructional quality of assessment instrument as an illustrative example. The subjects were 96 teachers participating in Year 3 and Year 4 from the Middle-school Mathematics and the Institutional Setting of Teaching (MIST) project funded by the National Science Foundation since 2007. The MIST project investigates the following question: What does it takes to support mathematics teachers' development of ambitious and equitable instructional practices on a large scale (MIST, 2007). This study examined data based on both the univariate generalizability analysis using GENOVA program and the multivariate generalizability analysis using mGENOVA program. Specifically, this study determined the relative effects of each error source and investigated optimal measuring conditions to obtain the suitable generalizability coefficients. The methodology applied in this study can be utilized to find effective optimal measurement conditions for the mathematics teacher evaluation for professional development in Korea. Finally, this study discussed limitations of the results and suggested directions for future research.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2017

This paper is to consider conceptually a formation of food-networks and border-crossing of transnational marriage migrant households on the basis of actor-network theory, and to analyze empirical data on the issues collected by interview with marriage migrant women living around Daegu, S.Korea. Some research results can be argued as follows: First, food can be seen, not as a single material object, but as a multiple and hybrid network of human and nonhuman (material and institutional) actors, in which activities of food cooking and eating are regulated by and (re)construct social relations and placeness of households. Secondly, food-networks in marriage migrant households implement relationships of micro-power (and attachment) in the process of its (re)formation, and hence the food-network, it can be argued, is a field of power in which conflicts and compromising around food cooking and eating are intersecting each others. Thirdly, food-networks in marriage migrant households in both their origin country and in the Korean home are not only affected by macro natural and social environments but also by micro placeness of the households, both of which constitute the food-networks and operate in relations with other actors in the netwroks. Finally, food-networks in marriage migrant households reflect multiple and multi-scalar spatial mobility and placeness of transnational food culture, through which they express topologically 'fluid space' and 'absent presence', in which marriage migrant women can (or cannot) conduct social and cultural border-crossing.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.17-41
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• 1996

In the situation of rapid industrialization based on the lopsided development of economy since 1960, Korean rural society has faced a crisis of disruption. As a result, the civilian government has tried a few actions to change the circumstance. However, it is said that the coral polices were not satisfactory. Those who were concerned with the rural problems of these days argue that it is necessary to adopt new policies and further to change the policymakers` philosophies concerning the matter. The arguments are certainly based on the beliefs that the sound policies come from the sound philosophies. This study aims to analyze the existing rural polices and their policymakers` philosophies and to design of a new paradigm. For the purpose, this study was set there specific objectives: First, to overview the moor points of Quantitative Utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham and the Social Justice Theory of John Rawls, the contrasting frameworks of the moral philosophies; Second, to trace the major or trade of the rural policies since 1960s in Korea; Third, to analyze the policymakers` philosophies reflected on the rural policies; Fourth, to design a new paradigm of the rural policies. This study mainly adopted descriptive method based on the various source of government and non-government statistics, white papers and other researches. The major findings of this study may be summarized as follows: 1. The historical epochs of the rural policies in Korea was divided into the periods: (1) An organizational and institutional establishment for self-reliance of main crops and the New Village Movement $(1969{\sim}70)$; (2) An initiation of `open-door` policies to the foreign farm products $(1970{\sim}80)$; (3) Completion of the UR meetings and the recommendations of the Rural and Fishery Development Commission (1980-present). 2. It was found that the philosophical foundations of coral policies were directly reflected from the utilitarianism of the national development. Under the philosophy it was the modem sector of economy that was to spearhead the national development, and the rural sector was situated to the peripheral position and hardly in the spot-light. Therefore, it may be said that the present situation of the rural society was largely rooted in the model of economic development. 3. As a new direction of the coral policies, many studies were focussing on the NTC (non-trade concerns) functions of agriculture for the present and future society. The researchers argue that the cost of protecting and supporting agriculture and rural society may be higher than that of the burden which the nation should be bear in the case of failure of agriculture. Although it tray be true, however, it should be noted that the argument is another type of utilitarianism which prevailed in the past. As a philosophy of rural policies, utilitarianism is straight forward and persuasive, however, it has also limitations in terms of relativism in broad sense or social justice in specific manna. 4. This study suggests to set the philosophical foundations of rural policies on the basis of Rawl`s Theory of Justice mentioned earlier. It emphasizes the inviolability of social justice which was neglected for the national benefits timing the period of development dictatorship in 1960s and 1970s. The principles of social justice for coral people were identified as twofold; (1) The principle of the t equal liberty; (2) (a) Difference principle, (b) The principle of fair equality of opportunity.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.277-307
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• 2021

This study aims to understand the current status of science-related channels on YouTube provided by government-funded research institutes and investigate user experiences and behaviors of using the services. We examined the number of subscribers, view counts, and video contents of 26 YouTube channels from the government-funded research institutes. We also designed a user study with the uses and gratifications theory and conducted a semi-structured interview. By grouping videos into five categories: Public Relations, Lectures, Entertainment, Vlogs, and Q&A, most videos were about research projects or institutional promotions. User motivation for using the YouTube channel was to acquire scientific knowledge and information. Users thought that YouTube channels could provide reliable information and satisfy their intellectual curiosity. But they criticized that most videos were uninteresting, and the lack of promotions of the channels made others hesitant to sign up and watch. Findings from this study could help fully understand the current status of the government-funded research institute's YouTube channel and be used as resources for the government's planning and development of various YouTube services.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.659-689
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• 2020

This study focuses on the process of internalizing the perception of negative discrimination among elderly people who have experienced age discrimination. The grounded theory method was used to identify the age discrimination experienced by the elderly in their daily lives and to explore the consequences of such discrimination through self-ageism. According to the analysis results, the elderly respond not only to explicit discrimination but also to implicit discrimination. In this process, the stronger the pain of old age (poverty, disease, ignorance, and solitude) and the stronger the memory of failing to respond to discrimination, the higher the level of self-ageism. "Self-ageism" has internalized the negative image of the elderly, who have been discriminated against by age, resulting in disadvantages in terms of quality of life through various reject/separate/suspension actions in reality. In the presence of supportive resources such as health, institutional support, and caregivers, the elderly have room to overcome self-ageism through more active ways. However elderly people who cannot motivate themselves and they lack these resources, elderly are trapped in negative reflux caused by self-ageism and sustained a depressed and shrinking life. In this state, it is not easy to motivate themselves and make physical, cognitive, emotional and social responses. Therefore, in this analysis, we specifically noted two aspects, contextual conditions and interventional conditions, and proposed programs for synchronizing senior citizens and improving resiliency from a microscopic point of view, and argued for the need to develop systems such as supplementing welfare and health service systems related to the entire life cycle, expanding accessibility and 'age-integration' through 'Community Care', awareness improvement and anti-discrimination laws.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.60-83
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the effect of individual perception of artificial intelligence and the level of digital literacy on the acceptance of artificial intelligence-based public services. For empirical analysis, a research model was set up based on the technology acceptance model and planned behavior theory using survey data of 2017 and analyzed through structural equations. To summarize the results of the analysis, firstly, the positive perception of individuals about artificial intelligence technology plays a role in reinforcing attitudes toward benefits and reducing concerns about public service in which artificial intelligence technology has been introduced. Secondly, the level of digital literacy reinforces both benefits and concerns about artificial intelligence technology, but it was found that the intention to use public services was reinforced through the benefits of artificial intelligence technology perceived by individuals, rather than privacy concerns about artificial intelligence technology. Thirdly, it was confirmed that the perceived benefits of individuals on artificial intelligence technology reinforced the intention to use public civil services, and privacy concerns negatively influenced the intention to use. It was confirmed that the influence of a perceived ease of use and usefulness, as opposed to privacy concerns, further reinforces the intention to use. Both citizens' positive perceptions regarding the accuracy and reliability of information provided through artificial intelligence technology and institutional complementation of responsibility for errors caused by artificial intelligence technology are strengthened, and technical problems related to privacy protection are solved.

• Maritime Security
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.37-56
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• 2023

Recently, with the rapid development of ICT(Information and Communication Technology) and AI(Artificial Intelligence) technology industries, the emergence of MASS(Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship), which were thought only in the distant future, is approaching a reality. Along with the development of these amazing technologies, changes in the private law sector, such as liability, compensation for damages, and maritime insurance, as well as in the public law sector, such as maritime safety, marine environment protection, and maintenance of maritime order, have become necessary in the field of maritime law. In particular, with the advent of a new type of ship called MASS that does not have a crew on board, the kind and type of liability, compensation for damages, and insurance contracts in the event of a marine accident will also change. In this paper, the general theory about concept, classification, effectiveness and future of MASS and the general theory about concept and various obligations and responsibilities under the maritime law for discussion of MASS are reviewed. Next, in addition, regarding the problems that may occur in the event of a marine accident from MASS, the status as a ship, the legal relationship of the chartering contract, obligation to exercise due diligence in making the vessel seaworthiness, subject of responsibility, and liability for damages and immunity are reviewed from the perspective of maritime law. In addition, in the degree four of MASS, the necessities of further research to clarify the attributable subjects and standards of responsibility in the event of a marine accident, as well as the necessities of institutional improvement such as technology development, enactment and amendment of law and funding are presented.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.381-417
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• 2011

The primary goal of this study is to examine the factors that affect how satisfied sexual minorities are with their lives. This study focuses on how sexual minorities perceive social stigma, the social influences involved in its perception, and the effects this perception has. Using stress-coping theory, this study looks at how social stigma, as a perceived stress, affects social support and self-esteem, how the stigma influences the degree to which individuals "come out" in an effort to cope, and the resultant effects of this coping mechanism on life satisfaction. The data used if from a sample of 478 individuals who self identify as gay, lesbian or bisexual. It was collected through an online survey. Using SEM, the quality was evaluated by analyzing the measurement model, and the relationship of the variables included in the theoretical model was verified by analyzing the structural model. The results of this study show that social stigma directly affects the life satisfaction of Korean sexual minorities. It significantly influences the social support they receive(from family and sexual minority peers), and their self-esteem. The degree to which the individual "comes out" is shown to affect life satisfaction as well. In contrast, the mediating effect of heterosexual support is shown to be insignificant. Based on the analyses, practical strategies regarding social stigma, social support, self-esteem, and "coming out" are suggested for sexual minorities. The social stigma should be reduced and society-scaled campaigns promoted in order to improve their level of life satisfaction. In addition, institutional protection should be developed and specialized educational courses on human rights provided which will empower these minorities with self-help mechanisms. Furthermore, issues such as establishing support system and providing a social welfare system for the sexual minority community are discussed.