• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.723-729
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• 2019

Fagopyrum esculentum (Buckwheat) is a globally used alternative crop that contains several useful substances with various effects; however, many of these substances (rutin, quercetin, etc.) are water insoluble. To extract these substances, alcohols is required, which is inconvenient because these solvents cause diverse problems. Many studies are underway to achieve effective extraction of these substances with water. Among of these studies, microwave assisted water extraction (MAE) has been performed extensively. In this study, we performed the extraction in various solvents and/or microwave from Fagopyrum esculentum. The analysis of the content of useful substances and the bioactivity were performed and shown to increase in MAE. Liquid chromatography-mass was performed in order to identify of the useful water-insoluble substances. Catechin, quercetin, and rutin, which are all insoluble in water, were hardly extracted with water even on heating (4.4 ppb, 3.9 ppb and 60.3 ppb, respectively). However, MAE was found to extract much more of these substances than water (1204 ppb, 110.8 ppb and 2946 ppb, respectively). Although less efficient than alcohols, MAE showed much higher efficiency than simple water extraction. These results indicate that water extraction using microwave technology is effective in cases where it is difficult to extract useful substances using water.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1545-1547
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• 2009

The fiber-rich fractions including enzyme treated insoluble dietary fiber, alcohol insoluble solid, and water insoluble solid were prepared from the peel of soft ripe persimmon, and to evaluate and compare the yields, proximate compositions, monosaccharide profiles, and functional properties. The results showed that uronic acid was the main sugar followed by glucose, which indicated that all insoluble fibers were mainly composed of pectic substances and cellulose. The presence of xylose and fucose indicated the occurrence of hemicellulose. All fiber-rich fractions were exhibited high yield and functional properties. Thus, the peel of ripe persimmon could be used as fiber supplements.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.173-174
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• 2006

X-ray analysis on iron ores and reduced iron powders revealed that the main acid-insoluble substances were hexagonal and tetragonal quartz, another substances were sillimanite, alumina-silicate, an unnamed zeolite, all contained Si and Al. Their particle size was in the range of $3{\sim}7\;{\mu}m$. Statistics analysis showed that the AIC for high-grade magnetite powder was $(0.130{\pm}0.010)%$) during the latest five months. The predicting value for reduced iron powder should be 0.179%. However, the testing value for reduced iron powder was $(0.192{\pm}0.014)%$. The limited difference of 0.013% might imply rare pollution coming from the reduction and milling processes. The most important step for control AIC should be the separation process of iron ore powders.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.1188-1195
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• 1999

식품첨가물로서 사용되어지고 있는 불용성광물성물질인 규조토 3품목, 백도토 1품목, 벤토나이트 10품목, 산성백토 13품목, 탈크 3품목 및 퍼라이트 2품목 등 총 32품목의 시료를 대상으로 그 기본적인 구성 광물 성상 및 화학성분 특성을 비교 분석하고 각 시료들의 입도 분포와 백색도 등을 측정하였다. 분석대상 시료인 불용성광물성물질들의 화학성분 분석 및 XRD(X-Ray Diffractometer) 분석결과는 백도토를 제외한 모든 불용성광물성물질들은 그 화학적 조성비가 보고된 문헌에서와 같이 일치하였으며, 다만 백색도는 탈크, 규조토 및 백도토의 경우에만 90%수준으로 측정되었다. 분석대상 불용성광물성물질에 대한 중금속의 분석결과는 납(Pb)은 $nd{\sim}23.10$ ppm, 카드뮴(Cd)은 $nd{\sim}0.67$ ppm, 수은(Hg)은 $nd{\sim}0.58$ ppm, 비소(As)는 $nd{\sim}l.42$ ppm 및 구리(Cu)는 $nd{\sim}39.35$ ppm이 검출되었다. 이들 분석대상 불용성광물성물질들의 중금속 분석결과는 기준에 비해 낮은 수치이다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.358-364
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• 2008

Wood-inorganic material composite (WIC) was prepared by impregnating wood with copper sulfate ($CuSO_4\;5H_2O$) solution and by immersed wood in sodium carbonate($Na_2CO_3$) solution in order to introduce insoluble copper compounds {copper carbonate hydroxide, $CuCO_3\;Cu(OH)_2$} into the wood to give fungicidal effects in treated-wood. The weight percent gains (WPGs) of treated wood reached maximum value by impregnation of 20% copper sulfate solution and immersion in about 15% sodium carbonate solution for 24 hrs. Inorganic substances were present mainly in the lumina and cross-field pitting of tracheides. These substances were proved to be the insoluble copper carbonate hydroxide against water by the energy dispersive X-ray analyzer in conjunction with a scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDXA). The treated specimens showed high preservative effectiveness because the weight losses were hardly occurred by the fungi degradation test.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.111-115
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• 1992

To examine ripening in peach types, cell wall contents and polygalacturonase activity were compared in Changbang, Daegubo and Yumyung peaches. Among peach types, the hardness of Daegubo was the lowest. Yumyung peach had the highest content of alcohol-insoluble substances and Changbang peach of cell wall. The contents of total and insoluble pectic substances were little different between Changbang and Yumyung peach, while the lowest in Daegubo. Daegubo peach had the highest activity of polygalacturonase, Changballg and Yumyung peach in succession.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.372-376
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• 1992

만생종 유명을 시료로 하여 성숙과 저장중에 세포벽 성분을 조사, 연구하였다. 성숙과 저장중에 복숭아의 경도는 감소하엿고, 알콜 불용성 물질의 세포벽의 함량은 증가를 나타냈으며, 총 pectin질과 불용성 pectin질이 감소하는 반면에 수용성 pectin질과 cellulose는 증가하였으며, galactose와 arabinose는 감소하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.421-425
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• 1985

세품종의 고구마 천미, 신미, 원기의 조직 특성을 알아보기 위해 $175{\sim}180^{\circ}C$에서 30분간 가열하여 가열 전후의 고구마의 수분함량, 알콜 불용성 고형분 함량, 전분함량, 경도 및 수용성펙틴, 메타인산 가용성 펙틴, 염산 가용성 펙틴을 측정하였고 polygalacturonase 활성도 비교하였다. 가열중에 고구마의 펙틴질의 조성은 염산 가용성 펙틴이 수용성펙틴과 메타인산 가용성 펙틴으로 변하였다. 분질 고구마인 원기는 수분함량이 가장 낮았으며 알콜 불용성 고형분 함량과 경도가 높았다. 또한 원기의 polygalacturonase 활성이 가장 높았으며 가열 후에 염산 가용성 펙틴 함량의 잔존율도 높았다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1269-1275
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• 2006

The selection of multienzyme complex-producing bacteria under aerobic condition was conducted for improving the degradation of lignocellulosic substances. The criteria for selection were cellulase and xylanase enzyme production, the presence of cellulose-binding domains and/or xylan-binding domains in enzymes to bind to insoluble substances, the adhesion of bacterial cells to insoluble substances, and the production of multiple cellulases and xylanases in a form of a high molecular weight complex. Among the six Bacillus strains, isolated from various sources and deposited in our laboratory, Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus B-6 strain was the best producer of cellulase and xylanase enzymes, which have both cellulose-binding factors (CBFs) and xylan-binding factors (XBFs). Moreover, multiple carboxymethyl cellulases (CMCases) and xylanases were produced by the strain B-6. The zymograms analysis showed at least 9 types of xylanases and 6 types of CMCases associated in a protein band of xylanase and cellulase with high molecular weight. These cells also enabled to adhere to both avicel and insoluble xylan, which were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the strain B-6 produced the multienzyme complex, which may be cellulosome or xylanosome. Thus, P. curdlanolyticus B-6 was selected to study the role and interaction between the enzymes and their substrates and the cooperation of multiple enzymes to enhance the hydrolysis due to the complex structure for efficient cellulases and xylanases degradation of insoluble polysaccharides.

• 생약학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.211-214
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• 1976

Basic substances were obtained from five Korean Aconitum, A. koreanum, A. chiisanense, A. ciliae, A. pseudoproliferum and unknown Aconitum species and compared TLC patterns of the substances. Soluble substances in ammonia alkali showed 8 spots on TLC, while insoluble substances in ammonia alkali 7 spots. These patterns are all similar in all species used in the investigation.