• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2013

This study was performed to evaluate the adaptability of farm field soil transplanting and habitat growth in inland and seashore areas of Artemisia capillaris in South Korea. In habitat, Artemisia capillaris was distributed both in the inland and seashore area as hemicryptophyte, and it grows individually on the slope of the open sunlight. The inland and seashore soils of habitat was the slightly acid and weakly alkaline, respectively. Plant height was 55.6 cm, and it was higher in inland than that of the seashore area. The stem and branch number was less in inland than that of the seashore area. Flowering period was mid-August, and flower of inland blossomed early 1 ~ 3 days than that of the seashore area. The flowering and fruiting rate was slightly lower in inland than that of the seashore area. After transplanting of Artemisia capillaris, plant height was 71.7 cm, and it was higher 16.1 cm than that of the habitat. The stem and branch number was more than that of the habitat, and flower blossomed early 3 ~ 4 days than that of the habitat. Transplanting survival rate was 85.1%, it was slightly higher in inland than that of the seashore area.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.362-366
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the status of habitat distribution, environmental characteristics and plant species growing with Lonicera japonica in its habitats. In the distribution of plant coverage below 30%, it was 84.6% in the inland area and 80.7% in the seashore area. There was similar coverage in both inland and seashore areas. But the average relative coverage in the seashore area was 26.1%, which is a little higher than that of the inland area (22.5%). In the habitats, both inland and seashore areas showed a high distribution ratio below 10 degrees. But among them, inland areas showed a high distribution ratio (62.4%) below 10 degrees, which was about twice as much as the seashore areas (32.2%). Habitat distribution was most often found on the southern slopes in both inland and seashore areas. The average soil pH of Lonicera japonica habitat was 5.2 in the inland areas and 6.9 in the seashore areas. Also, the seashore areas showed little content of $P_2O_5$, but high content of K, Mg, Na on the other hand compared to the inland area. Miscanthus sinensis was the highest importance value (16.4) among plants growing with Lonicera japonica in their habitats in both inland and seashore areas. But in the inland areas, Artemisia princeps showed the highest importance value, and Miscanthus sinensis was the highest in the seashore areas.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.799-806
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• 2010

In an effort to characterize temporal and spatial variability of $PM_{10}$ and to quantitatively estimate contribution of sea salt aerosol to $PM_{10}$ mass in Busan area, twenty four-hour averaged concentration of $PM_{10}$ were measured in two distinct areas, Gwaebeopdong(inland) and Dongsamdong(seashore), Busan for summer and fall, 2007. It was found that sea salt accounted for 2.9% and 9.5% of $PM_{10}$ mass in Gwaebeopdong and Dongsamdong, respectively for the study period, indicating that contribution of sea salt to $PM_{10}$ mass and total ion concentration in seashore area were consistently higher by a factor of three compared to inland area. Temporal analysis suggested that sea salt contributions to $PM_{10}$ in Dongsamdong were higher in summer due to the southerly sea breeze while there was no significant fluctuation of sea salt contribution for the summer and fall months in Gwaebeopdong. Sea salt enrichment factors($EF_{sea}$) of $K^+$ $Ca^{2+}$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$ (>10) indicated major contributions from anthropogenic sources and EFs of $Mg^{2+}$ and $Cl^-$ exhibited strong association with oceanic origins for both areas.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2009

This study was conducted to consider the characteristics of PM10(particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 ${\mu}m$) concentration according to land-use in Busan coastal area. Fine particle is affected by emissions, geographical conditions and meteorological factors. In case industrial area, Gamjeondong(inland) PM10 concentration was higher than Noksandong(seashore) at all season except for Summer. Primary peak at Gamjeondong cleared than Noksandong in Fall and Winter. In case green area, Daejeodong(inland) PM10 concentration was higher than Dongsamdong(seashore) at all seasons. In case commercial area, primary peak occurrence time at Jeonpodong lagged one hour according to season and diurnal change of PM10 concentration at Gwangbokdong was higher than Jeonpodong in Spring. In case residential area, high PM10 concentration(80~90 ${\mu}g/m^3$) lasted for six hours during the daytime in Spring at Deogcheondong and Yongsuri(inland).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.375-388
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• 2009

Numerical simulation is essential to indicate the flow of the atmosphere in the region with a complicated topography which consists of many mountains in the inland while it is neighboring the seashore. Such complicated topography produces land and sea breeze as the mesoscale phenomenon of meteorology which results from the effect of the sea and inland. In the mesoscale simulation examines, the change of the temperature in relation to the one of the sea surface for the boundary condition and, in the inland, the interaction between the atmosphere and land surface reflecting the characteristic of the land surface. This research developed and simulated PNULSM to reflect both the SST and vegetation effect as a bottom boundary for detailed meteorological numerical simulation in coastal urban area. The result from four experiments performed according to this protocol revealed the change of temperature field and wind field depending on each effect. Therefore, the lower level of establishment of bottom boundary suitable for the characteristic of the region is necessary to figure out the atmospheric flow more precisely, and if the characteristic of the surface is improved to more realistic conditions, it will facilitate the simulation of regional environment.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2016

We conducted the study on the relationship between the distribution of coastal sand dune plants and edaphic factors from the shoreline to inland in sand dune ecosystem. The application of TWINSPAN classification based on 10 species, led to the recognition of three vegetative groups (A-C), which associated with their habitats (foredune, hummuck in semistable zone and stable zone). The associations were separated along soil gradient far from the seashore. The relationships between species composition and environmental gradients were explained by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Distance from the shoreline was an important indicator to determine soil properties (pH, total ion contents, sand particle sizes, organic matters and nitrogen contents) from the seaward area to inland area and distribution pattern of coastal sand dune plants. Group A is foredune zone, characterized by Calystegia soldanella; group included typical foredune species such as Elymus mollis, Carex kobomugi, Ixeris repens, C. soldanella and Glehnia littoralis. Group B on semi-stabilized zone was characterized by Vitex rotundifolia, a perennial woody shrub. This group was associated the proportion of fine sand size (100 to 250 μm). The results on the proportion of soil particle size showed a transition in sand composition, particularly with respect to the proportion of fine sand size that occurred from the foredune ridge at 32.5 m to the Vitex rotundifolia community at 57.5 m from the shoreline. Group C on stabilized zone was characterized by Zoysia macrostachya, Lathyrus japonicus and Cynodon dactylon and were associated soil organic matter and nitrogen contents. The spatial distribution of plants in the Goraebul coastal sand dune system may result from the interactions between the plant species and environmental heterogeneity.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.187-210
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to examine the spatial characteristics of the longevity phenomenon and long-live areas in Korea where a rapid aging process is undergoing. Population data from 1966 to 2000 at the county level are analyzed to understand aging process and changes of longevity degree by regions. The relationship between the degree of longevity and a region's natural environments and distance to a metropolis has been analyzed to understand regional factors of longevity. The findings from the study are summarized as follows. Firstly, the rural regions in Honam show the highest degree of longevity in the nation. Secondly, the areas of the high degree of longevity has recently shifted and/or expanded from the islands and seashore areas of southwestern region to inland mountainous areas around Soback Mountain. Southern islands and seashore regions used to show the nation's highest degree of longevity in the 1970s. Thirdly, the analysis of regional environment factors indicated that longevity has more related to a precipitation and an average altitude than temperature. Fourthly, in order to identify the longevity factors in urban areas, social and economic factors should be considered beyond the natural environmental factors.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.273-273
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• 2002

Masan barber was situated in S.Korean southern central coast. And it is contributing greatly in S.korea's economy development to international trading port of Heaven's blessing that possess natural, geographical situation. Also, because there are Masan free tax area and chanwon heavy industrial complex, sachon air industrial complex etc. on back, it is important permanency in our country. Specially, because inland transport routes such as southern highway, Guma highway and national road system are developed well, the importance is very high. Masan harbor 1899.05.01 be that opened, the 1st and 2nd (central pier) was build 1938∼1944 year, and the 3rd pier was 1973∼1978 year. the 4th pier was 1974∼1983 year, 5th pier was 1984∼1988, 6th pier (west pier) was 1985∼1992 year. it was developed over 100 years. But, it did great many harbor and bay development of last 100 yens but research about coastline change and seashore reclamation is insufficient. Therefore, this research executed research about coastline change of Masan bay of last 100 years, In this study, we analyzed aerial photographs and tide data for the past 100 years using digital aerial photo analysis and GIS techniques for each 3-year interval. We abstracted beach DEM (digital elevation model) and ortho aerial photographs, and conducted a space analysis. As a result, we were able to identify changes in the area As a result, we drew 10 years cycle coastline change of Masan bay. and we can detect bay coastal line change and calculate refill rate.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.110-117
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• 2011

Seashore landfill projects use undersea pump dredging method for construction of airport and factory site. Coarse grain soil from the dredging is considered for use at inland. West sea shore bottom consists of primarily coarser grained silt-sand and this component contains far more percentage than is the case with East sea and South sea area. This soil shows very different characteristic at consolidation and compaction behavior. This research targets to utilize this type of dredging soil. Test specimen is from West sea (Saemangum) dredged soil landfill site. Model analysis is done for getting prediction of original soil relative density and N-value from dynamic compaction energy variance. Dynamic compaction energy is calculated for efficient foundation design.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.303-314
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• 2000

In order to evaluate prevalence and perception on the intestinal trematodes of inhabitants at Docho-island, Shinan-gun, Chollanam-do, a questionnaire survey for the epidemiological study and stool examination for the detection of the eggs of the trematodes were done on 224 individuals at the island from January to February, 2000. The results were as follows: 1. Egg positive rate of the intestinal trematodes was 21.0%. 2. The egg positive rate has revealed significantly higher in the elderly over age 70 than other ages, higher in seashore villagers than inland ones, and higher in persons who had a rural and/or marine ph than persons with other jobs, respectively(P<0.05). 3. The egg positive rate of alcoholic drinkers was higher than non-alcoholic persons, and the rate was also higher in smokers than non-smokers. It was statistically significant(P<0.05). 4. The egg positive rate was shown to be significantly higher in inhabitants who ate raw mullet that was well known to be the source of infection with the intestinal trematodes than people who did not eat the raw marine fishes(P<0.01). 5. The egg positive rate was also significantly higher in humans who had the complaints of frequent abdominal pain and diarrhea than healthy people(P<0.05). In conclusion, the prevalence of intestinal trematodes at the island located in the south and west area in Korea was too high to eradicate the parasitic infections. So a special program is necessary for the control of the trematode infections in many adjacent islands at Chollanamdo.