• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.569-585
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• 2023

This paper proposes an efficient approach for the structural topology optimization of bi-directional functionally graded structures by incorporating popular radial basis functions (RBFs) into an implicit level set (ILS) method. Compared to traditional element density-based methods, a level set (LS) description of material boundaries produces a smoother boundary description of the design. The paper develops RBF implicit modeling with multiquadric (MQ) splines, thin-plate spline (TPS), exponential spline (ES), and Gaussians (GS) to define the ILS function with high accuracy and smoothness. The optimization problem is formulated by considering RBF-based nodal densities as design variables and minimizing the compliance objective function. A LS-RBF optimization method is proposed to transform a Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equation (PDE) into a system of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) over the entire design domain using a collocation formulation of the method of lines design variables. The paper presents detailed mathematical expressions for BiDFG beams topology optimization with two different material models: continuum functionally graded (CFG) and mechanical functionally graded (MFG). Several numerical examples are presented to verify the method's efficiency, reliability, and success in accuracy, convergence speed, and insensitivity to initial designs in the topology optimization of two-dimensional (2D) structures. Overall, the paper presents a novel and efficient approach to topology optimization that can handle bi-directional functionally graded structures with complex geometries.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.42-45
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• 2012

The mechanical behavior and microstructural evolution during high temperature tensile deformation of recrystallized Ni3Al polycrystals doped with boron were investigated as functions of initial grain size, tensile strain rate and temperature. In order to obtain more precise information on the deformation mechanism, tensile specimens were rapidly quenched immediately after deformation at a cooling rate of more than $2000Ks^{-1}$, and were then observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mechanical tests in the range of 923 K to 1012 K were carried out in a vacuum of less than $3{\times}10^{-4}$ Pa using an Instron-type machine with various but constant cross head speeds corresponding to the initial strain rates from $1.0{\times}10^{-4}$ to $3.1{\times}10^{-5}s^{-1}$. After heating to deformation temperature, the specimen was kept for more than 1.8 ks before testing. The following results were obtained: (1) Flow behavior was affected by initial strain size; with decreasing initial grain size, the level of a stress peak in the true stress-true strain curve decreased, the steady state region was enlarged and elongation increased. (2) On the basis of TEM observation of rapidly quenched specimens, it was confirmed that dynamic recrystallization certainly occurred on deformation of fine-grained ($3.3{\mu}m$) and intermediate-grained ($5.0{\mu}m$) specimens at an initial strain rate of $3.1{\times}10^{-5}s^{-1}$ and at 973 K. (3) There were some dislocation-free grains among the new recrystallized grains. The obtained results suggest that both dynamic recrystallization and grain boundary sliding are operative during high temperature deformation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.40-44
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• 2014

Background Chloral hydrate (CH) is the primary agent most commonly used for pediatric sedation prior to diagnostic, therapeutic procedures. In the management of pediatric facial laceration, the initial dose of CH has to balance the need for adequate sedation against the need to minimize sedative complications. Methods A retrospective review of medical records of 834 children who visited our emergency room for facial lacerations from August 2010 to September 2012 was conducted. They were divided into six groups on the basis of the initial dose of CH administered. Further, each group was compared with the standard group (70 to ${\leq}80mg/kg$) with respect to sedation success, augmentation dose, failed sedation, time to procedure, and time of stay. Results With respect to the complication rate, only group 1 (range, 40 to ${\leq}50mg/kg$) showed a significantly lower complication rate. In the case of all the other variables considered, there were no significant differences among any of the groups. Conclusions An initial CH dose of $48{\pm}2mg/kg$ does not negatively affect the success rate of sedation or the need for additional sedative during the primary closure of facial lacerations in pediatric patients. Further, lower doses reduce the incidences of adverse effects and do not delay procedure readiness. Therefore, $48{\pm}2mg/kg$ of CH can be considered the optimal initial dose for pediatric sedation.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.147-159
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• 2003

90년대 이후 지하 암반 구조물의 수요가 증가함에 따라 시공 전 설계 단계에서 요구되는 암반내 초기응력에 대한 정량적 정보를 얻기 위해 현장 초기 응력 측정이 광범위하게 수행되고 있다. 제안된 여러 측정법들 중 현장 적용성 면에서 큰 장점을 가진 수압파쇄법이 국내에서는 대표적으로 적용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 평탄한 지형조건으로 이루어진 서울 중심부 편마암 지역내 저심도 구간의 11개 시추공을 대상으로 수압파쇄법에 의해 구해진 초기응력 측정자료와 수평응력의 크기, 방향성과 심도별 변화 그리고 측압계수 분포 등 과업구간 암반 내 초기응력장의 제반 분포 특성에 대해 논의하고자 한다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.431-437
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• 2015

In this study, high-acidity cider vinegar (HACV) was produced by alcoholic and acetic acid fermentation of apple concentrate without any nutrients and then the optimum alcohol concentration was determined through a qualitative study. HACV was fermented with different initial alcohol concentrations (6-9%) during the process of acetic acid fermentation. The highest content of reducing sugar, organic acids, and free amino acids was observed at 6% of initial alcohol concentration. Approximately 20 types of volatile compounds were identified by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and GC-MS. The total volatile content was the highest at 6% of initial alcohol concentration, and the acid content was the lowest at 9% of the initial alcohol concentration. The HACV produced by a two-stage fermentation process was qualitatively better than commercial HACV presenting the highest value at 6% of initial alcohol concentration. Malic acid, aspartic acid, and hexyl acetate were selected as quality index components of HACV production by two-stage fermentation on the basis of correlation between their physicochemical properties and the sensory attributes of HACV.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.253-262
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 적응적으로 추출된 입력 데이터의 특징을 은닉층 뉴런 개수와 중심값 설정에 이용하는 새로운 radial basis 함수 신경망을 제안하였다. 제안된 신경망에서는 입력데이터의 특징을 효과적으로 추출하기 위해 적응 학습알고리즘의 주요성분분석 기법을 이용하였다. 이렇게 하면 주요성분분석 기법이 가지는 대용량의 입력데이터를 통계적으로 독립인 특징들의 집합으로 변환시키는 장점과 RBF신경망이 가지는 우수한 속성을 그대로 살릴 수 있다. 제안된 기법의 radial basis 함수 신경망을 200명의 암환자를 2부류(초기와 악성)로 분류하는 문제에 적용하여 시뮬레이션한 결과, k-평균 군집화 알고리즘을 이용한 radial basis 함수 신경망에 의한 결과와 비교할 때 학습시간과 시험 데이터의 분류에서 더욱 우수한 성능이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 신경망의 초기 연 결가중치에 대한 의존도와 평활요소의 설정여유도 측면에서도 우수한 특성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.583-592
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• 2016

In this paper, we consider the global existence of strong solutions to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations on the cubic domain in $R^3$. While the global existence for arbitrary data remains as an important open problem, we here provide with some new observations on this matter. We in particular prove the global existence result when ${\Omega}$ is a cubic domain and initial and forcing functions are some linear combination of functions of at most two variables and the like by decomposing the spectral basis differently.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(4)
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• pp.39-42
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• 2000

Motion estimation plays an important role for video coding. In this paper, we derive optimal search patterns for fast block matching motion estimation. By analyzing the block matching algorithm as a function of block shape and size, we can find an optimal search pattern for initial motion estimation. The proposed idea, which has been verified experimentally by computer simulations, can provide an analytical basis for the current MPEG-2 proposals. In order to choose a more compact search pattern for BMA, we exploit the statistical relationship between the motion and the frame difference of each block.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.201-206
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• 2001

This paper presents truss model that can be used to determine the deformation as well as strength of RC members. This model is constituted to address plastic hinge rotation at tile deformation concentrated regions under severe lateral load. The behavior of each element of truss model is evaluated on the basis of stress field analysis. The deformation is obtained by combining element deformations with joint rotation. Initial strength is calculated at the first failure of any element, and strength deterioration after failure depends on the strength reduction of this element. The proposed model will provide useful tools in seismic design of ductility-required members.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.853-861
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• 2003

An improved K-means document clustering method has been presented, where a concept vector is manipulated for each cluster on the basis of cosine similarity of text documents. The concept vectors are unit vectors that have been normalized on the n-dimensional sphere. Because the standard K-means method is sensitive to initial starting condition, our improvement focused on starting condition for estimating the modes of a distribution. The improved K-means clustering algorithm has been applied to a set of text documents, called Classic3, to test and prove efficiency and correctness of clustering result, and showed 7% improvements in its worst case.