• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.195-199
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• 1997

For the purpose of isolation and screening of tyrosinase inhibitory activity from edible mushrooms, Pleurotus ostreatus, Auricularia auricula-Judae, Umbilicaria esculenta, Agaricus bisporus, Flammuline velutipes, Lentinus edodes, Ganoderma lucidum, and Coriouls versicolor were examined by tracing inhibitory activities against tyrosinase, utilizing L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) as a substrate. Among the eight edible mushrooms tested, Umbilicaria esculenta showed potent enzyme inhibitory activities above 7804% against tyrosinase in ethylacetate (EtOAc) extracts. Ganoderma lucidum and Agaricus bisporus showed inhibitory activities of 67.3% and 51.5% in water extracts. EtOAc extracts of Umbilicaria esculenta was fractionated from silicagel column chromatography and one fraction showed the most inhibitory activity of 60.9%. The three bands (Rf=0.38, 0.27, 0.19) were isolated from preparative TLC of the fraction for purification and identified as mixtures of orsellinate, methyl orsellinate, methyl lecanorate, and methyl gyrophorate by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultravisible spectrophotometer (UV), mass spectrophotometer (Mass), nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (NMR).

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.210-214
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• 2020

In this study, polyphenol and flavonoid contents were measured, and DPPH, OH, H₂O₂ radical scavenging activity, and the α-amylase inhibitory activity were measured to study the antioxidant activity of 70% ethanol extract from Morinda citrifolia L. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents of noni 70% ethanol extract were 29.52 GAE/g and 12.48 CE/g, respectively. Also, the IC₅₀ values of DPPH, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of 70% ethanol extract from noni were 18.70 mg/mL, 26.45 mg/mL, and 35.67 mg/mL, respectively. Measurement of the α-amylase inhibitory activity of 70% ethanol extract from noni showed 45% inhibitory activity at 10 mg/mL.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was the purification and characterization of an angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide purified from enzymatic hydrolysates of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss muscle. After removal of lipid, the approximate composition analysis of the rainbow trout revealed 24.4%, 1.7%, and 68.3% for protein, lipid, and moisture, respectively. Among six hydrolysates, the peptic hydrolysate exhibited the highest ACE inhibitory activity. We attempted to purify ACE inhibitory peptides from peptic hydrolysate using high performance liquid chromatography on an ODS column. The $IC_{50}$ value of purified ACE inhibitory peptide was $63.9{\mu}M$. The amino acid sequence of the peptide was identified as Lys-Val-Asn-Gly-Pro-Ala-Met-Ser-Pro-Asn-Ala-Asn, with a molecular weight of 1,220 Da, and the Lineweaver-Burk plots suggested that they act as a competitive inhibitor against ACE. Our study suggested that novel ACE inhibitory peptides purified from rainbow trout muscle protein may be beneficial as anti-hypertension compounds in functional foods.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2012

Physiological activities of hot water extract and solvent fractions isolated from Astragalus membranaceus were examined and the antioxidative, fibrinolytic, thrombin inhibitory and a-glucosidase inhibitory activity were measured. The hot water extract of Astragalus membranaceus was fractionated into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions, and each of these fractions was individually assayed. The antioxidative activities of ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions were 89.96% and 87.36%, respectively. Using the fibrin plate method, only the hot water extract showed a plasmin activity of 0.41 units/ml. The thrombin inhibitory activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was the highest with a value of 82.73%. The hot water extract displayed a-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 64.91%. In conclusion, the hot water extract and the ethyl acetate fraction can be used as materials for the development of biofunctional foods to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.427-432
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• 1997

These studies were performed to approach the precise pathway inducing the meiotic inhibitory action of hypoxanthine on mouse follicular oocytes and to identify the cause of detrimental effect of hypoxanthine on viability of the oocyte in vitro. In addition, a correlation between the meiotic inhibitory effect and the detrimental effect of hypoxanthine was investigated. Mouse follicular oocytes at germinal vesicle(GV) stage were collected from the ovaries of ICR mice by puncturing the antral follicles with a fine needle, at 48 hours after PMSG injection. Oocytes were cultured in Modified Whittingham's T6 media containing hypoxanthine and several materials that involved in metabolism of hypoxanthine, and the effects of the materials on the actions of hypoxanthine were investigated by observing germinal vesicle breake down (GVBD), 1st polar body (PB) extrusion and viability of the oocytes. Phophodiesterase significantly reduced the meiotic inhibitory effect of dbcAMP but did not influence on the inhibitory effect of hypoxanthine. Allopurinol and 6-MP significantly enhanced the meiotic inhibitory effect of hypoxanthine, but the materials themselves also showed the meiotic inhibitory action like hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase significantly enhanced the meiotic inhibitory effect of hypoxanthine, on the contrary HGPRT itself promoted meiotic resumption of the oocytes. Catalase did not induce any change in the meiotic inhibitory effect of hypoxanthine, but SOD increased the GVBD rate suppressed by hypoxanthine. The detrimental effect of hypoxanthine on viability of the oocytes was significantly reduced by allopurinol and catalase, but SOD increased the GVBD rate suppressed by hypoxanthine. The detrimental effect of hypoxanthine on viability of the oocytes was significantly reduced by allopurinol and catalase, but SOD did not reduce the deterimental effect of hypoxanthine. In conclusion, the meiotic inhibtory effect of hypoxanthine may be caused by guanyl dervartives converted from hypoxanthine via salvage pathway, and superoxide anion may partially participate in the inhibitory effect of hypoxanthine. The detrimental effect of hypoxanthine on viability of the oocytes be cused by hydrogen peroxide produced during the metabolism of hypoxanthine.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2002

Objectives: We aimed to identify the dose-dependent inhibitory effects of Maekmundongcheongpye-eum and Liriopis Tuber on the mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-16, GM-CSF involved in the asthma model. Methods: In the study BEAS-2B cell lines, human epithelial cells were used. These cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$ for artificial inflammatory expression. ${\beta}-actin$ messenger RNA (mRNA) was used by internal standard. After 24 hours of Maekmundongcheongpye-eum, Liriopis Tuber-treatment, total cellular RNAs were collected, treating RNAzol directly on the alive cells. Then the transcriptional activities of IL-6, 16, GM-CSF were measured by RT-PCR with electrophoresis. Results: In the Maekmundongcheongpye-eum study, the mRNA expression of IL-6 showed 48% transcriptional inhibitory effect compared to the control group in the $100{\;}{\mu}l/ml$ category (P<0.001). In the IL-16, there was 53% and 57% transcriptional inhibitory effect compared to the control group in the $20{\;}{\mu}l/ml$ and $100{\;}{\mu}l/ml$ categories (P<0.001). In the GM-CSF, there was no inhibitory effect. In the Liriopis Tuber study, the mRNA expression of IL-6 showed 43% transcriptional inhibitory effect compared to the control group in the $100{\;}{\mu}l/ml$ category (p<0.005). In the IL-16, 34% and 26% of transcriptional inhibitory effect was shown compared to the control group in the $20{\;}{\mu}l/ml$ and $100{\;}{\mu}l/ml$ categories, respectively (P<0.05). In the GM-CSF, there was no inhibitory effect. Conclusions: This study shows that Maekmundongcheongpye-eum and Liriopis Tuber have dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-16 in BEAS-2B cell lines, human epithelial cells. Advanced studies are required to investigate the mechanisms of inhibition by herbal medicine in the asthma model.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2005

ACE-inhibitory peptides derived from goat's whey hydrolyzed by various proteolytic enzymes were separated and purified for antihypertension materials. The highest ACE-inhibitory activity of goat's whey hydrolysates was 85.5 % by pepsin for 72 hrs. Also the highest ACE-inhibitory activity of goat's whey hydrolysates was F-4 by pepsin for 72 hrs by Sephadex G-25 gel chromatograms. F-4e and F-4ed from F-4 by RP-HPLC to first and second purification were the highest in ACE-inhibitory activity, respectively. The most abundant amino acid was leucine(I 8.54 %) in F-4ed of ACE-inhibitory peptides after second purification. Amino acid sequence of F-4ed of ACE-inhibitory peptides showed Leu-Lys-Asp-Tyr-Gly-GlyVal- Ser-Leu and Leu-Gly-Asp-Gly-Ala-Gly- Asp-Val-Ala-Phe. $IC_{50}$ calibrated in peptic hydrolysates(72 hrs), F-4, F-4e and F-4ed from goat's whey hydrolysates by pepsin for 72 hrs were 33.93, 28.75, 11.74 and 1.09 mg/ml, respectively. From the results of this experiment, goat's whey hydrolysate by pepsin was shown to have ACE-inhibitory activity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2023

Purpose : In this study, to prove the antibacterial effect of Disocorea batatas, which is widely used for food, and to confirm the growth inhibitory effect, the antibacterial activity against L. gasseri, S. mutans, and P. gingivalis was verified. Based on this, it is intended to verify the utility as a preventive and therapeutic composition for dental caries and periodontal disease. Methods : RAW 264.7 cells were used to verify the cell survival rate and NO (Nitric Oxide) inhibitory effect on Disocorea batatas ethanol extract (DBEE). In order to verify the antibacterial effect against L. gasseri, S. mutans, and P. gingivalis, concentrations of 125, 250, and 500 ㎎/㎖ of DBEE were used and measured by the disk diffusion method. In order to confirm the growth inhibitory effect, the absorbance was measured at 600 ㎚ at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours using the liquid medium dilution method, and the growth inhibitory effect was measured compared to the control group. Results : The cell viability for DBEE was 91 % at 50 ㎎/㎖, and there was no cytotoxicity. The NO production inhibitory effect was shown from 10 ㎍/ml, and the higher the concentration, the greater the inhibitory effect. As for the antimicrobial effect using the disk diffusion method, the higher the concentration, the higher the antibacterial effect. At 125 ㎎/㎖ and 250 ㎎/㎖, S. mutans and L. gasseri showed high antimicrobial activity, and at 500 ㎎/㎖, the antibacterial effect was higher in L. gasseri. The growth inhibitory effect in DBEE was concentration-dependent as the higher the concentration, the higher the growth inhibitory effect, and all of them began to show growth inhibitory effects from 6 hours. Conclusion : Considering that it is widely used as an edible and medicinal material, Disocorea batatas has shown the potential to be used as a substance to prevent and alleviate dental caries and periodontal diseases, and it is believed that further research can be applied to oral health care products.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.343-352
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• 1998

This experiment was performed to investigate effects of zinc containing solution on the major normal flora Staphylococccus aureus, Streptococus mutans and Candida albicans and to observe the variation according to anionic change and concentration difference. Zinc chloride, zinc iodide and zinc acetate solution were added to werially diluted broth culture so that each final concentration might be 0.25%, 0.5%. 1%. After that, 100ul of each aliquot was spreaded on each selective media plate( Mannitol Salts Agar plate for Staphylococcus aureus, Mitis Salivarius Agar plate for Streptococcus mutans and Sabouraud Destrose Agar plate for Candida albicans). The % killing was calculated bu CFU count after incubation under the appropriate condition. 1. zinc iodide, zinc chloride, and zinc acetate solutions showed inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. 2. The inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus were ranked in order of ainc iodide, zinc chloride and zinc actate. 3. The inhibitory effects on Streptococcus mutans were ranked in orfer of zinc iodide, zinc chloride and zinc acetate. 4. the inhibitory effects on Candida albicans showed no difference among zinc iodide, zinc chloride and zinc acetate. 5. The inhibitory effects of zinc chloride and zinc acetate on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutnas showed increasing pattern as the concentration increase. But the inhibitory effects of zinc iodide on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans showed no apparent difference according to concentrations and it was the case with the inhibitory effects of zinc iodide, zinc chloride and zinc acetate on Candida albicans.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.38-44
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• 2017

Mulberry leaves containing 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) have been recognized as a potentially important source for prevent or treat hyperglycemia. However, DNJ content of natural mulberry leaf are as low as 0.1%. Thus, the most effective method for increasing ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity with the DNJ high-production is needed. In this study, we investigated the influence of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity according to different pH values (6-9) and inoculation amounts (0.1-0.5%) when Bacillus subtilis cultured on mulberry leaf powder media. We confirmed that ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity was difference according to culture conditions of different pH values, inoculation amounts, and fermentation times. The results of mulberry leaf fermentation according to pH values and inoculation amounts were shown that the optimal conditions for ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity were defined as pH 7 and 9, inoculation amount 0.4%, and incubation until 2 to 4 days. These results can be provided a basic data for the optimal culture conditions increasing ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity from mulberry leaf fermentation.