• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.221-239
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• 2009

Background: The recent outbreak of the novel strain of influenza A (H1N1) virus has raised a global concern of the future risk of pandemic. Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM) has been combatting against contagious diseases and developed its own particular and efficient way in treating those diseases. Objectives: Provide a distinctive and effective TKM method in understanding the principles of treatment, prevention, and contraindications against influenza A through case histories. Method: We revised case histories of eminent doctors of Ming and Qing dynasties according to their clinical manifestations similar to those of influenza A. We also verified prescriptions of the "Dong-uibogam(東醫寶鑑)" through examining clinical practices of China today. Results: 1. The subtypes of Warm disease; Wind Warmth and Pestilence has the most similar clinical manifestation in comparison to Influenza A. Specifying these terms is important in recognizing and classifying various diseases under the name of Warm disease. 2. TKM considered not only external factors but also individual factors like general condition, diet, emotion, constitutional types, etc in the treatment of febrile diseases. 3. TKM developed a new way in the treatment of contagious diseases. considering the characteristics of each pathogen. TKM described the Warm pathogen being light as a feather, which enters through the nose, principally affecting the Lung. Therefore, they emphasized treatment with Pungent Sweet Cooling Moistening[辛甘凉潤] method. 4. As the conservation of fluid and humor is the primordial concern in the treatment of Warm disease, they restricted release of the exterior with pungent-warm and purgation method. The purgation methods was used exclusively to decrease fever and preserve fluid and humor. 5. The only differentiating characteristics of Influenza A with seasonal influenza are vomiting and diarrhea. Case research revealed the possibility of these manifestations to be a mechanism of restoration. 6. TKM provides alimento prevention method like Mint Pear Porridge, mung bean, and etc also combination of herbal medicine. Also emphasized in the conservation of essence for the prevention of contagious diseases. Conclusions: TKM developed its unique way in understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of contagious diseases and formed its independent scheme of Warm Disease. This knowledge in febrile contagious disease is relevant today in providing diverse treatment and prevention for influenza A.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.501-509
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to review the effects of the physical fatigue induced by overtraining on cognitive information processing and emotional change of athletes by neurophysiologic study. And to provide basic data for the athletes and coaches in the sports field to improve understanding of the overtraining symptoms from the brain physiological point of view. We reviewed the domestic and international academic materials and research reports published in the last 20 years using electronic databases and examined the literature that is consistent with the purpose of this study among the retrieved documents. Based on the reviewed literature, we examined the cognitive information processing and emotional change of the athlete according to the training, and overtraining can accumulate the fatigue of the body, which can cause severe side effects in terms of cognitive ability and emotional ability of athletes as well as deterioration of performance. The study using P300 and EEG cerebral hemispheric asymmetry difference indices also confirmed the possibility of a new approach to understand psychological and physiological effects of overtraining on information processing and emotional changes.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.21-39
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• 2012

To examine how usage of social network services(SNS) can affect users' satisfaction through their involvement to SNS. This study first explored the usage motives on the SNS by reviewing previous studies which are from the perspectives of usage and gratification theory. The structural equation modeling(SEM) approach was used to validate the model and Lisrel was used to analyze 306 data which were collected from college students who have SNS using experiences. The results showed that the motives of information seeking and self-expression have no significant influence on affective involvement to SNS and other hypotheses were all accepted. In order to investigate the relationship of usage motives-involvement-satisfaction between different genders, path analysis in male group and female group were done respectively. The results showed that in the case of male group, the motivation of information seeking, entertainment, and self-expression have positive effect on affective involvement, while only the entertainment motive can increase the cognitive involvement. In the case of female group, socializing motive and entertainment motive have positive effect on both affective involvement and cognitive involvement, but the information seeking motive and self-expression motive can not influence the formulation of emotion in SNS.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.105-111
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• 2018

Last March, the world Go competition between AlphaGo, AI Go program developed by Google Deep Mind and professional Go player Lee Sedol has shown us that the 4th industrial revolution using AI has come close. Especially, there ar many system combined with AI hae been developing including program for researching legal information, system for expecting jurisdiction, and processing big data, there is saying that even AI legal person is ready for its appearance. As legal field is mostly based on text-based document, such characteristic makes it easier to adopt artificial intelligence technology. When a legal person receives a case, the first thing to do is searching for legal information and judical precedent, which is the one of the strength of AI. It is very difficult for a human being to utilize a flow of legal knowledge and figures by analyzing them but for AI, this is nothing but a simple job. The ability of AI searching for regulation, precedent, and literature related to legal issue is way over our expectation. AI is evaluated to be able to review 1 billion pages of legal document per second and many people agree that lot of legal job will be replaced by AI. Along with development of AI service, legal service is becoming more advanced and if it devotes to ethical solving of legal issues, which is the final goal, not only the legal field but also it will help to gain nation's trust. If nations start to trust the legal service, it would never be completely replaced by AI. What is more, if it keeps offering advanced, ethical, and quick legal service, value of law devoting to the society will increase and finally, will make contribution to the nation. In this time where we have to compete with AI, we should try hard to increase value of traditional legal service provided by human. In the future, priority of good legal person will be his/her ability to use AI. The only field left to human will be understanding and recovering emotion of human caused by legal problem, which cannot be done by AI's controlling function. Then, what would be the attitude of legal people in this period? It would be to learn the new technology and applying in the field rather than going against it, this will be the way to survive in this new AI period.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.203-230
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• 2010

This study analyzed the development and growth of folksonomy by examining tags associated with 40 bestsellers on LibraryThing.com in 6-month intervals. It was found that tag values do not decrease but grow in terms of quantity and quality. Accordingly, we examined the major significances of the tags and their potential utilization as an expression of subjects. Our findings were as follows. First, the motivations for tagging can be categorized into personal information for search purposes, self-fulfillment such as sense of achievement, display of emotion and sharing of one's experience with others, or an altruistic objective that emphasizes sociality with a desire that one's actions might provide social benefits. According to our analysis, 74.12% of tags had a social motivation. Second, the total number of tags and the frequency of usage increased with time. Third, the categories that showed a high increase in tag usage were dates of publication and reading, key words, main characters, and book reviews. Tags related to subjects had the highest ratio. Fourth, among Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), multiple genres, key words and main characters were assigned to books, and specific key words and other properties were added as time progressed. There was also a slight increase in the number of tags consistent with LCSH. Fifth, we found that key tags could serve as a compilation of terms that reflects the knowledge base of the corresponding era. Thus, folksonomy should be continuously monitored for its quantitative and qualitative development of the tags to make improvements on its formative disadvantages, and identify internal semantic significance, be actively utilized in conjunction with taxonomy as a flexible compilation of terms that incorporate the history of a specific era.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 2013

Today, the views on Temporality of space have been changed not only to be based on the concept of time, but also to identify the space with a body adapted to the new circumstances. The study suggests that the actions of performers in space have been important by changes of views and are connected to the music phenomenology mixed with music whose tempo is the phenomenology related with of human consciousness itself, and derives the temporal property by putting them into Rem Koolhaas space with the fluid quality. According to Clifton's Phenomenology of Music, an understanding of music is made in both human body and consciousness as two ways to listen to sounds and enjoy music. Though a correlation between the characteristics of Clifton's Phenomenology of Music and one of resulted from uncertainty and immateriality of modern space Temporality, we could work out four kinds of characters which are the continuity of the fluidity from temporal programs, contrasting changes or synchronicity, the multidimensionality from synesthesia of line and face, ventilation by quality of the material and immaterial circumstances of sound effects, the implication in events resulted from cognition for information and unexpected actions, and the autonomy of the route of a variety of experiences including intimate connection of inter-related events and temporary and diverse external conditions. Hereby Temporality of musical phenomenology in Rem Koolhaas's space can be experienced by systems base oh the importance of host's motion, changes of programs according to the motion as well as uncertainty and immaterial changes. Due to the changes user's emotion and motion is undergone as Temporality that changes automatically.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.97-103
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• 1992

This research was conducted to survey the feeding methods of Korean women. The survey was executed for 355 mothers bringing up a child below 24 months in some part of Seoul in Korea from April to May, 1990. Incidence of breast feeding was 29.1% of the interviewed mothers in Seoul, which showed lower percentages than those of previous surveys. This research proved the major influencing factor generally depended on its mother rather than babies or labor condition. For example, the higher income and the higher educational degree of its mothers, they tended to prefer the bottle feeding to the others. Generally mothers knew the informations of infant nutrition very well, 84.5% of the interviewed mothers in Seoul had the opinion of 'breast feeding is better', but their knowledge actually didn't work. The source of mothers‘ informations on the infant nutrition showed the books and magazines, friend and relatives, grandmother were many by the order. But there were some discrepancies between the actual and needed source of information; i.e. mothers in Seoul mostly(44.8%) wanted to acquire their informations from mass communications. The reason of breast feeding showed 'for baby's health' was the greatest, and then 'immunity of breast milk' and 'baby's emotion' were great by the order, and the reason of bottle feeding showed 'not enough breast milk' was the greatest. There were no problems in feeding attitude and position of breast feeding, but there were problems in feeding volume, consistency of formula milk and feeding position of bottle feeding.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.84-100
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze the meanings of signs represented in contemporary fashion based on the Peirce's trisection theory in order to present various types of sign representation that satisfies aesthetic value and characteristics of the age of information and image. Types of signs represented in contemporary fashion can be summarized into letters, numbers, codes, pictures, logos, characters and emblems. The meanings of signs were analyzed based on the Peirce's trisection theory, resulting in representation of play, brandsymbol, eroticism and suggestion. The play was categorized into infantile and parodic. The former inspires unexpected interest and laughter from contemporary people in the age of disorder through humorous characters, cartoons and illustrations. The latter inspires laughter by parodying things and it's intention is to release the isolation of people and their relative poverty through pictures for which techniques of parody and surrealism were used. Most of the brandsymbols represented by logos, used for textile and clothing design as well as accessories are optimal signs that construct brand images. Eroticism means emotion, impulses, senses of value and sexual attraction. A desire to represent sexual attraction is an expression of eroticism and self-expression to adjust in a changing society. Suggestion tends to pursue the image of harmony with nature in a world which is pressed by material civilization. Humans represent illuminating messages through direct slogans by characters, natural objects and motives of social phenomenon in pursuit of the benefits of abundant material civilization in the structure of a highly advanced scientific civilization and industrial society.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.157-174
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• 1994

Women’s experience of abortion are not only widespread but also significant event in their lives. But this experience has not been a concern for professional care by health care providers, especially nurses. As professional nurses should have holistic approaches to clients, need to understand the lived experience of abortion from women’s perspectives. These Nurses must identify unique means for improving the quality of life of women. This study identified the meaning and structure of the lived experience of abortion. The participants were residents of Seoul and Kwang ju who were recruited through personal recommendation. Colaizzi’s method was used for the phenomenological analysis. The research question was aimed at revealing the covert meaning of abortion. The 14 women who had a spontaneous abortion and /or an artificial abortion and who argeed to participate in the study were informed of the purpose of the study, the possible risks and benefits of participation, the data generation method and they were assured of privacy and confidentiality. The investigator conducted in-depth unstructured interviews which were audiotaped with the permission of the participants. The investigator read the data repeatdly to identify and categorize themes and basic structural elements. Eight themes of abortion as experienced by these participants were : 1) complicated feelings about the anticipated abortion 2) feelings of fear and anxiety about the operation and complications 3) grieving related loss and injury 4) feelings of lonliness in perceiving no supportive person, 5) attributing the cause of the abortion to siginificant others or to self, 6) guilt feelings and resentment, 7) vacillating between regretting and not regretting, 8) struggling to a responsible person. Five basic structures identified were : 1) Complicated feelings 2) Feelings of loss and need for caring 3) Attributings to cause to significant others 4) Paradoxical emotion 5) Struggling to be a responsible being The significes of this study for nursing are : 1) It enables nurses and other health care providers understand more clearly the lived experience of abortion 2) It provides information which can be used in for women who experience abortion.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.175-189
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• 2014

Objective: The goal of this research is to develop new user behavior model using user motion analysis with microscopic perspective for attracting user's participation in interactive space. Background: The interactive space is 'human's place', which is made up of complex elements of digital virtual space and traditional analog and physical environment based on human-computer interaction system. Human behavior has changed in it at the same time. If the user couldn't make participation in interaction, the purpose of the system is not met, which reduces its effect. Therefore, we need to focus on interactive space that is potential future direction from a new point of view. Method: For this research, we would discuss and study fields of interactive space; (1) finding definition of interactive space and studying background of theory about it. (2) providing base of user behavior model with study of user's context that is to be user information and motion. (3) examining user motion, classify basic motion type and making user participation behavior model in phases. Results: Through this process, user's basic twenty motions which are systematized are taken as a standard for analysis of interaction process and participation in interactive space. Then, 'NK-$I^5$ (I Five)' model is developed for user participation types in interactive space. There are five phases of user participation behavior: Imperception, Interest, Involvement, Immersion, and Influence. In this analysis, three indicators which are time, motion types, and user relationship are found to be related to participation. Conclusion: The capabilities and limitation of this research is discussed to attract user participation. This paper focuses especially on contribution of design to lead user's participation in interactive system and expectation to help adapt to user centered design of various interactive space with new aspect of user behavior research. Application: The results of the 'NK-$I^5$ (I Five)' model might help to realize successful interactive space based on user centered design.