• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.12C no.3 s.99
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• pp.457-464
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• 2005

This paper describes an Adaptive Context-aware Service (ACS) using Model Driven Architecture (MDA)-based Service Creation Environment (SCE) on PARLAY X based service delivery platform in ubiquitous computing environments. It can be expected that both the context-awareness and adaptation in ubiquitous computing environments will be deployed. But the existing context-aware middleware lacks in considering adaptation. Therefore, the object of this paper is to support the architecture and the Application Programming Interface (API) of the network service for both the context-awareness and adaptation in ubiquitous computing environment. ACS is to provide users with the adaptive network service to the changing context constraints as well as detecting the changing context. For instance, ACS can provide users with QoS in network according to the detected context, after detecting the context such as location and speed. The architecture of ACS is comprised of a Service Creation Environment (SCE), Adaptive Context Broker and PARLAY gateway. SCE is to use Context-based Constraint Language (CCL) for an expression of context-awareness and adaptation. Adaptive Context Broker is to make a role of the broker between SCE and PARLAY G/W. PARLAY G/W is to support API for PARLAY X-based service delivery platform.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.165-170
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• 2017

Pigs have been extensively used as mediators of xenotransplantation research. Specifically, the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) miniature pig was developed to fix major histocompatibility antigens for use in xenotransplantation studies. We generated transgenic pigs for xenotransplantation using MGH pigs. However, it has not been studied yet whether these pigs show similarity of reproductive physiological characteristics to wild types of MGH miniature pig. In this study we analyzed the estrous cycles and pregnancy characteristics of wild type (WT) and transgenic MGH miniature pigs, which were ${\alpha}1,3$-galactosyltransferase (GalT) heterozygous and homozygous knock-out, and membrane cofactor protein (MCP) inserted in its locus, $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs. Estrous cycles of WT, $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs were $20.9{\pm}0.74$, $20.1{\pm}1.26$, and $17.3{\pm}0.87days$, respectively, and periods of estrous were $3.2{\pm}0.10$, $3.1{\pm}0.12$, and $3.1{\pm}0.11days$. The periods of gestation of WT, $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs were $114.2{\pm}0.37$, $113.3{\pm}0.67$, and $115.4{\pm}0.51days$, respectively. Litter sizes of WT, $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs were $4.8{\pm}0.35$, $4.8{\pm}1.11$ and $3.0{\pm}0.32$ respectively. There were no significant differences on estrous cycle, periods of estrous and gestation, and litter size among WT, $GalT^{-MCP/+}$ and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs, meaning that GalT knock-out and additional expression MCP of the MGH miniature pig did not effect on reproduction traits. These results provide relevant information to establish breeding system for MGH transgenic pig, and for propagation of $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pig to supply for xenotransplantation research.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2010

A neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) has been widely used to create animal model for Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study was undertaken to examine whether depletion of brain dopamine (DA) stores with 6-OHDA can make alteration in the activities of the testicular steroidogenesis in adult rats. Young adult male rats (3 months old) were received a single dose of 6-OHDA (200 ${\mu}g$ in 10 ${\mu}{\ell}$/animal) by intracerebroventricular (icv) injection, and sacrificed after two weeks. The mRNA levels of steroidogenesis-related enzymes were measured by qRT-PCRs. Serum testosterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Single icv infusion of 6-OHDA significantly decreased the mRNA levels of CYP11A1 (control:6-OHDA group=$1:0.68{\pm}0.14$ AU, p<0.05), CYP17 (control:6-OHDA group=$1:0.72{\pm}0.13$ AU, p<0.05). There were no changes in the mRNA levels of $3{\beta}$-HSD (control:6-OHDA group=$1:0.84{\pm}0.08$ AU) and $17{\beta}$-HSD (control: 6-OHDA group=$1:0.63{\pm}0.20$ AU), though the levels tended to be decreased in the 6-OHDA treated group. Administration of 6-OHDA decreased significantly the mRNA level of StAR when compared to the level of saline-injected control animals (control:6-OHDA group=$1:0.72{\pm}0.08$ AU, p<0.05). Treatment with single dose of 6-OHDA remarkably lowered serum testosterone levels compared to the levels of control group (control:6-OHDA group=$0.72{\pm}0.24:0.13{\pm}0.03ng/m{\ell}$, p<0.05). Taken together with our previous study, the present study demonstrated that the activities of hypothalamus-pituitary-testis hormonal axis could be negatively affected by blockade of brain DA biosynthesis, and suggested the reduced reproductive potential might be resulted in the animals. More precise information on the testicular steroidogenic activities in PD patients and PD-like animals should be required prior to the generalization of the sex steroid hormone therapy to meet the highest standards for safety and efficacy.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.459-466
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• 2016

Adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is critical for metabolic homeostasis and nutrient signaling during development. However, limited information is available on the pivotal modulators of adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Adaptor protein Lnk (Src homology 2B3 [SH2B3]), which belongs to a family of SH2-containing proteins, modulates the bioactivities of different stem cells, including hematopoietic stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells. In this study, we investigated whether an interaction between insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and Lnk regulated IGF-1-induced adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. We found that wild-type MSCs showed greater adipogenic differentiation potential than $Lnk^{-/-}$ MSCs. An ex vivo adipogenic differentiation assay showed that $Lnk^{-/-}$ MSCs had decreased adipogenic differentiation potential compared with wild-type MSCs. Interestingly, we found that Lnk formed a complex with IGF-1R and that IGF-1 induced the dissociation of this complex. In addition, we observed that IGF-1-induced increase in the phosphorylation of Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin was triggered by the dissociation of the IGF-1R-Lnk complex. Expression levels of a pivotal transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR-{\gamma}$) and its adipogenic target genes (LPL and FABP4) significantly decreased in $Lnk^{-/-}$ MSCs. These results suggested that Lnk adaptor protein regulated the adipogenesis of MSCs through the $IGF-1/Akt/PPAR-{\gamma}$ pathway.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.50-61
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• 2000

Recently the stereo vision based on conics has received much attention by many authors. Conics have many features such as their matrix expression, efficient correspondence checking, abundance of conical shapes in real world. Extensions to higher algebraic curves met with limited success. Although irreducible algebraic curves are rather rare in the real world, lines and conics are abundant whose products provide good examples of higher algebraic curves. We consider plane algebraic curves of an arbitrary degree $n{\geq}2$ with a fully calibrated stereo system. We present closed form solutions to both correspondence and reconstruction problems. Let $f_1,\;f_2,\;{\pi}$ be image curves and plane and $VC_P(g)$ the cone with generator (plane) curve g and vertex P. Then the relation $VC_{O1}(f_1)\;=\;VC_{O1}(VC_{O2}(f_2)\;∩\;{\pi})$ gives polynomial equations in the coefficient $d_1,\;d_2,\;d_3$ of the plane ${\pi}$. After some manipulations, we get an extremely simple polynomial equation in a single variable whose unique real positive root plays the key role. It is then followed by evaluating $O(n^2)$ polynomials of a single variable at the root. It is in contrast to the past works which usually involve a simultaneous system of multivariate polynomial equations. We checked our algorithm using synthetic as well as real world images.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.3030-3038
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• 2011

This study was conducted as descriptive research to examine the relations among beauty business workers' professional identity, emotional labor and depression, to analyze factors that influence their depression, and to provide basic information necessary to develop interventions for beauty business workers' depression. The subjects of this study were 158 beauty business workers sampled from 25 beauty shops in Seoul. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire during the period from April 12 to May 13, 2011. From the collected data were obtained real numbers, percentages, and the means and standard deviations of professional identity, emotional labor and depression using the SPSS 16.0 Program. In addition, multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the correlations among the variables and to identify factors influencing the beauty business workers' depression. In the results of multiple regression analysis on factors that influence the subjects' depression, factors found to explain their depression were autonomy among the sub factors of professional identity, and the diversity of emotional expressions and surface acting among the sub factors of emotional labor, and these factors explained 23.6% of their depression. The subjects' professional identity was in a positive correlation with the frequency of emotional expressions and deep acting among the sub factors of emotional labor, and in a negative correlation with surface acting and depression. The Frequency of emotional expression and the diversity of emotional expressions which the sub factors of emotional labor were in a negative correlation with depression and in a positive correlation with surface acting and depression. In order to relieve beauty business workers from their depression based on these results, there should be education or programs for establishing beauty business workers' professional identity and program for increasing of emotional expressions and decreasing of surface acting.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.5 s.108
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• pp.641-650
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• 2006

XML has the characteristics of self-describing and uses DTD or XML schema in order to constraint its structure. Even though the XML schema is only at the stage of recommendation yet, it will be prevalently used because DTD is not itself XML and has the limitation on the expression power. The structure defined by the XML schema as well as the data of the XML documents can vary due to complex reasons. Those reasons are errors in the XML schema design, new requirements due to new applications, etc. Thus, we propose XML schema evolution operators that are extracted from the analysis of the XML schema updates. These schema evolution operators enable the XML schema updates that would have been impossible without supporting tools if there are a large number of XML documents complying the U schema. In addition, these operators includes the function of automatically finding the update place in the XML documents which are registered to the XSE system, and maintaining the XML documents valid to the XML schema rather than merely well-formed. This paper is the first attempt to update XML schemas of the XML documents and provides the comprehensive set of schema updating operations. Our work is necessary for the XML application development and maintenance in that it helps to update the structure of the XML documents as well as the data in the easy and precise manner.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.12A no.4 s.94
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• pp.327-332
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• 2005

In the field of computer graphics, we have several research results to display the ocean waves on the screen, while we still not have a complete solution yet. Though ocean waves are constructed from a variety of sources, the dominant one is the surface gravity wave, which is generated by the gravity and the wind. In this Paper, we Present a real-time surface gravity wave simulation method, derived from a precise ocean wave model in the oceanography. There are research results based on the Pierson-Moskowitz(PM) model[1], which assumes infinite depth of water and thus shows some mismatches in the case of shallow seas. In this paper, we started from the Texel, Marsen and Arsloe(TMA) model[2], which is a more precise wave model and thus can be used to display more realistic ocean waves. We derived its implementation model for the graphics applications and our prototype implementation shows about 30 frames per second on the Intel Pentium 4 1.6GHz-based personal computer. Our major contributions to the computer graphics area ill be (1) providing more user-controllable parameters to finally generate various wave shapes and (2) the improvement on the expression power of waves even in the shallow seas.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.2 s.105
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• pp.105-114
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• 2006

In ubiquitous environment where various kinds of computers are embedded in persons, objects and environment and they are interconnected and can be used in my place as necessary, different types of data need to be exchanged between heterogeneous machines through home network. In the environment, the efficient processing, transmission and monitoring of image data are essential technologies. We need to make research not only on traditional image processing such as spatial and visual resolution, color expression and methods of measuring image quality but also on transmission rate on home network that has a limited bandwidth. The present study proposes a new motion vector estimation algorithm for transmitting, processing and controlling image data, which is the core part of contents in home network situation and, using algorithm, implements a real time monitoring system of multi dimensional images transmitted from multiple cameras. Image data of stereo cameras to be transmitted in different environment in angle, distance, etc. are preprocessed through reduction, magnification, shift or correction, and compressed and sent using the proposed metamorphosis hierarchical motion vector estimation algorithm for the correction of motion. The proposed algorithm adopts advantages and complements disadvantages of existing motion vector estimation algorithms such as whole range search, three stage search and hierarchical search, and estimates efficiently the motion of images with high variation of brightness using an atypical small size macro block. The proposed metamorphosis hierarchical motion vector estimation algorithm and implemented image systems can be utilized in various ways in ubiquitous environment.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.84-89
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• 2012

Objectives: This study analyzed the difference in color caused by different thickness in enamel layer of composite resins when applied with single and layering placement technique, and evaluated if the results agreed with the shade guide from the manufacturers to verify reliability of the color matching process of the manufacturers. Materials and Methods: For single composite resin samples, 6 mm diameter and 4 mm thickness cylindrical samples were fabricated using Ceram-X mono (DENTSPLY DeTrey) and CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ values were measured with spectrophotometer. Same process was done for layering composite resin samples, making 3 dentinal shade samples, 4 mm thickness, for each shade using Ceram-X duo (DENTSPLY DeTrey) and enamel shade resins were layered in 2 mm thickness and CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ values were measured. These samples were ground to 0.2 mm thickness each time, and CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ values were measured to 1 mm thickness of enamel shade resin. Results: Color difference (${\Delta}E^*$) between single and layering composite resin was 1.37 minimum and 10.53 maximum when layering thicknesses were between 1 mm and 2 mm and 6 out of 10 same shade groups suggested by manufacturer showed remarkable color difference at any thickness (${\Delta}E^*$ > 3.3). Conclusion: When using Ceram-X mono and duo for composite resin restoration, following the manufacturer's instructions for choosing the shade is not appropriate, and more accurate information for Ceram-X duo is needed on the variation and expression of the shades depending on the thickness of the enamel.