• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1-1
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• 2003

It is clear that computers will play a key role in the biology of the future. Even now, it is virtually impossible to keep track of the key proteins, their names and associated gene names, physical constants(e.g. binding constants, reaction constants, etc.), and hewn physical and genetic interactions without computational assistance. In this sense, computers act as an auxiliary brain, allowing one to keep track of thousands of complex molecules and their interactions. With the advent of gene expression array technology, many experiments are simply impossible without this computer assistance. In the future, as we seek to integrate the reductionist description of life provided by genomic sequencing into complex and sophisticated models of living systems, computers will play an increasingly important role in both analyzing data and generating experimentally testable hypotheses. The future of bioinformatics is thus being driven by potent technological and scientific forces. On the technological side, new experimental technologies such as microarrays, protein arrays, high-throughput expression and three-dimensional structure determination prove rapidly increasing amounts of detailed experimental information on a genomic scale. On the computational side, faster computers, ubiquitous computing systems, high-speed networks provide a powerful but rapidly changing environment of potentially immense power. The challenges we face are enormous: How do we create stable data resources when both the science and computational technology change rapidly? How do integrate and synthesize information from many disparate subdisciplines, each with their own vocabulary and viewpoint? How do we 'liberate' the scientific literature so that it can be incorporated into electronic resources? How do we take advantage of advances in computing and networking to build the international infrastructure needed to support a complete understanding of biological systems. The seeds to the solutions of these problems exist, at least partially, today. These solutions emphasize ubiquitous high-speed computation, database interoperation, federation, and integration, and the development of research networks that capture scientific knowledge rather than just the ABCs of genomic sequence. 1 will discuss a number of these solutions, with examples from existing resources, as well as area where solutions do not currently exist with a view to defining what bioinformatics and biology will look like in the future.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1060-1066
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• 2005

Under environmental stress, such as strong irradiance or nitrogen deficiency, unicellular green algae of the genus Haematococcus accumulate secondary carotenoids, i.e. astaxanthin, in the cytosol. The induction and regulation of astaxanthin biosynthesis in microalgae has recently received considerable attention owing to the increasing use of secondary carotenoids as a source of pigmentation for fish aquacultures, and as a potential drug in cancer prevention as a free-radical quencher. Accordingly, this study generated expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a library constructed from astaxanthin-induced Haematococcus pluvialis. Partial sequences were obtained from the 5' ends of 1,858 individual cDNAs, and then grouped into 1,025 non-overlapping sequences, among which 708 sequences were singletons, while the remainder fell into 317 clusters. Approximately $63\%$ of the EST sequences showed similarity to previously described sequences in public databases. H. pluvialis was found to consist of a relatively high percentage of genes involved in genetic information processing ($15\%$) and metabolism ($11\%$), whereas a relatively low percentage of sequences was involved in the signal transduction ($3\%$), structure ($2\%$), and environmental information process ($3\%$). In addition, a relatively large fraction of H. pluvialis sequences was classified as genes involved in photosynthesis ($9\%$) and cellular process ($9\%$). Based on this EST analysis, the full-length cDNA sequence for superoxide dismutase (SOD) of H. pluvialis was cloned, and the expression of this gene was investigated. The abundance of SOD changed substantially in response to different culture conditions, indicating the possible regulation of this gene in H. pluvialis.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.199-209
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• 2009

In this paper, we suggest a stroke level of detail (LOD) based on a saliency density. On painter]y rendering, the stroke LOD has an advantage of making the observer concentrate on the main object and improving accuracy of expression. For the stroke LOD, it is necessary to classify the detailed and abstracted area. We divide the area on the basis of saliency distribution and the level of detailed expression is controlled based on the saliency information. 'We define that the area of which the saliency distribution is high is a major subject that an artist tries to express, it is described in detail. The area of which the saliency distribution is low is abstractly described. Each divided area has the abstraction level. And by adapting the brushes of which sizes are appropriate to each level, it is possible to express the area which needs to be expressed in details from the one which needs to be expressed abstractly.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.2473-2478
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• 2009

The latest, Digital art is attempt new field's Art, that is utilize variously digital media image, sound, simulation, 3D holography. A large number of Digital Art is contact with the audience in pavilion(limit place and limit period). However, It will be possible, Digital Art can use place digital form media even there are indoor, outdoor, anywhere. Prior to study, I was to analyze the feature of Digital Art in order to using Digital Art, Interactivity make communication between humans and the art as well as cause audience participation, and take a role of bridge between human and space. A study was base on the relationship between human and space, space and Digital Art, Digital Art and human taken the focus interaction between human and space, and Interactivity of Digital Art. This paper analyze reciprocal action for utilize Digital Art in indoor space design, and this paper study expression about indoor design base of interactive.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-15
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to provide Apparel Industries producing the school uniform with the information on manufacturing the school uniform, and the students with the information of reasonable life of garments. Differences of reforming condition and satisfaction of the school uniform have been researched. The data were collected from 764 middle and high school girl students living in Daegu. Except for psychological aspect of wearing the uniform, most of satisfaction of wearing the uniform in the survey has been studied as lower ones. in line with these, overall improvement of aesthetic, economic, handling, class symbolic, movable aspects are requested to meet the needs of the students. A majority response of reforming the school the uniform once have come from middle school students, and another response of reforming the uniform twice coming from high school students are as follows : fitness of the uniform, trend, movability, expression of personality, and those of high school students are fitness of the uniform, expression of personality, trend, movability. Opportunities to have an education on how to wear school uniform appropriately have not been offered to students, and a number of the students in the survey have replied that they need to have adequate school uniform wearing education.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.101-118
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• 2014

Given the context of rapid developing ubiquitous computing environment, it is imperative for users to search and use images based on affective meanings. However, it has been difficult to index affective meanings of image since emotions of image are substantially subjective and highly abstract. In addition, utilizing low level features of image for indexing affective meanings of image has been limited for high level concepts of image. To facilitate the access points of affective meanings of image, this study aims to utilize user-provided responses of images. For a data set, emotional words are collected and cleaned from twenty participants with a set of fifteen images, three images for each of basic emotions, love, sad, fear, anger, and happy. A total of 399 unique emotion words are revealed and 1,093 times appeared in this data set. Through co-word analysis and network analysis of emotional words from users' responses, this study demonstrates expanded word sets for five basic emotions. The expanded word sets are characterized with adjective expression and action/behavior expression.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 2013

According to current digital and information society, architecture related departments in universities give and educate computer courses to train top-level human resources suiting the needs of the time. The aim of this study is to curriculum of architecture related departments and to use the references for curriculum organization by understanding computer courses for architecture related departments. The results are as follows: (1) There are 100 departments (28.2%) in the field of architecture and 130 departments including an academic system that is the most departments. Also, there are 86 departments (39.8%) in the field of architecture engineering and 117 departments including an academic system. There are 77 departments in the field of interior architecture, which contain 48 departments (62.3%) of two- or three-year bachelor course college. (2) Department in the field of architecture opens a program study course in the second year of the program that is the most courses had been opened. First, most departments selected an order of learning a structure/detail construction techniques of architecture and design skills such as a foundation system and expression of the structure by hand in the first grade and processing it using a computer in the second grade. (3) BIM was opened in only three departments of 31 departments surveyed and was opened in a senior class. The reasons of still lack of BIM are the compatibility deficit of partners such as building structure, building equipment, securing lecturer, and still the dominant point of CAD in the field. (4) Six departments of 31 departments surveyed did not open a program study course as a major. That is to say, it is learned in a basic course or basic liberal arts education requirements (information area) of each department, or in an own program of each department. (5) The program study is only a means to create architectural drawings in department of the field of architecture. Thus, we should remember not only the drawing through the program but also drawing up a floor plan after understanding of methods such as constructional methods, detail drawing, and expression.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2005

Identification of host genes involved in disease progresses and/or defense responses is one of the most critical steps leading to the elucidation of disease resistance mechanisms in plants. Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most prevalent pathogen of soybean (Glycine max). Although the soybeans are placed one of many important crops, relatively little is known about defense mechanism. In order to obtain host genes involved in SMV disease progress and host defense especially for virus resistance, two different cloning strategies (DD RT-PCR and Subtractive hybridization) were employed to identify pathogenesis- and defenserelated genes (PRs and DRs) from susceptible (Geumjeong 1) and resistant (Geumjeong 2) cultivars against SMV strain G7H. Using these approaches, we obtained 570 genes that expressed differentially during SMV infection processes. Based upon sequence analyses, differentially expressed host genes were classified into five groups, i.e. metabolism, genetic information processing, environmental information processing, cellular processes and unclassified group. A total of 11 differentially expressed genes including protein kinase, transcription factor, other potential signaling components and resistant-like gene involved in host defense response were selected to further characterize and determine expression profiles of each selected gene. Functional characterization of these genes will likely facilitate the elucidation of defense signal transduction and biological function in SMV-infected soybean plants.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.13-16
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• 2000

Microorganisms have been widely employed for the production of useful bioproducts including primary metabolites such as ethanol, succinic acid, acetone and butanol, secondary metabolites represented by antibiotics, proteins, polysaccharides, lipids and many others. Since these products can be obtained in small quantities under natural condition, mutation and selection processes have been employed for the improvement of strains. Recently, metabolic engineering strategies have been employed for more efficient production of these bioproducts. Metabolic engineering can be defined as purposeful modification of cellular metabolic pathways by introducing new pathways, deleting or modifying the existing pathways for the enhanced production of a desired product or modified/new product, degradation of xenobiotics, and utilization of inexpensive raw materials. Metabolic flux analysis and metabolic control analysis along with recombinant DNA techniques are three important components in designing optimized metabolic pathways, This powerful technology is being further improved by the genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and bioinformatics. Complete genome sequences are providing us with the possibility of addressing complex biological questions including metabolic control, regulation and flux. In silico analysis of microbial metabolic pathways is possible from the completed genome sequences. Transcriptome analysis by employing ONA chip allows us to examine the global pattern of gene expression at mRNA level. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis of cellular proteins can be used to examine the global proteome content, which provides us with the information on gene expression at protein level. Bioinformatics can help us to understand the results obtained with these new techniques, and further provides us with a wide range of information contained in the genome sequences. The strategies taken in our lab for the production of pharmaceutical proteins, polyhydroxyalkanoate (a family of completely biodegradable polymer), succinic acid and me chemicals by employing metabolic engineering powered by genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and bioinformatics will be presented.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.237-255
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• 2011

This study is to find new methods in describing material type as content type and carrier type for the improvement of OPAC retrieval and the embodiment of work and expression of FRBR. It is hard to describe type vocabulary in cataloging because division of content and carrier taxonomy in KCR4 and KORMARC is not distinct. This study is to review the characteristics of material type list in RDA and ISBD(2010), and to examine the various type vocabulary and description methods of videorecording, soundrecording, and cartographic by retrieving KERIS DB. As a result, there is no consistency in applying type vocabulary between KCR4 and KORMARC. Also, libraries use the mix of content and carrier or detailed carrier vocabulary for local use. Therefore, it is need to define the function of GMD as content type, to expand and correct content and carrier vocabulary, and to express both content and carrier type in citation and detailed display. This study will contribute to embody the expression of FRBR.