• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 1983

Since the national health insurance was introduced in 1978, the increased utilization of hospitals and the growing importance of pharmaceutical services to hospital patients have made the administration of these services a very complex and specialized responsibility. The pharmaceutical services has always been an essential component of comtemporary hospital care. In the hospital, the pharmaceutical services is the professional department which concerns itself with the evaluation, selection, control and utilization of drugs. The director of this service must be a versatile professional person who can work effectively in a heterogenous society of educated persons. However, graduate education in hospital pharmacy has not been introduced yet in Korea. The necessity of graduate education hospital pharmacy has been discussed in this research. Graduate education in hospital pharmacy emphasizes preparation for assumption of responsibility as the senior hospital pharmacist or the director of pharmaceutical services. Graduates should also be prepared as administrators of a department that must operate with great efficiency. They should be prepared serve as a consultant on drugs for the medical and allied health professional staff, organizing and disseminating a large and dynamic body of information in their interest and to establish professional roles that emphasize procurement, storage, manufacturing, packaging, distribution, control and evaluation of drugs. Senior hospital pharmacist is a teacher charged with responsibility fer formal and informal instruction of other hospital personnel in pharmaceutical sciences. In addition, the graduates have the opportunity to be a researcher dealing with aspect of hospital care and are intensively educated in the professional aspects of hospital pharmacy practices. The curriculum of graduate education in hospital pharmacy should be established detailly and carefully to fit the educational objective.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.791-810
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• 2017

This study explored the possibility of using visual models in teaching proportional reasoning based on the review of previous studies. Many studies on proportional reasoning emphasize that students tend to simply apply formal procedures without understanding the meaning behind them and that using visual models may be an alternative to help students develop informal strategies and proportional reasoning. Given these, we re-constructed and implemented the unit of a textbook to teach sixth graders proportional reasoning with ratio table, double number line, and double tape diagram. The results of this study showed that such visual models helped students understand the meaning of proportion, explore the properties of proportion, and solve proportional problems. However, several difficulties that students experienced in using the visual models led us to suggest cautionary notes when to teach proportional reasoning with visual models. As such, this study is expected to provide empirical information for textbook developers and teachers who teach proportional reasoning with visual models.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.84-92
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• 2000

U.S. Congress established the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) program in 1987 to recognize U.S. organizations for their achievements in quality and business performance and to raise awareness about the importance of quality and performance excellence as a competitive edge. The Baldrige Award was envisioned as a standard of excellence that would help U.S. organizations achieve world-class quality. Recently the U.S, Congress approved legislation that made education and health care organizations eligible to participate in the Award Program. These criteria are applied to evaluate two academic departments (Computer Science & Industrial Systems and Electrical Engineering) at Yonsei University. It was an informal evaluation performed by the undergraduate students who took quality Engineering course. Evaluated total scores turn out to be 522.5 and 548.5 for both, respectively. According to the MBNQA diagnosis, this level of score represents that there are some areas or work units which need to be improved. We hightlight them so that they can be used as feedback information.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.29-38
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• 1985

In this paper we have designed and implemented in real time a simple, efficient and flexible AOPCM cosec using a high speed digital processor, NEC 7720. For ADPCM system, we have used an instantaneous adaptive quantizer and a first-order fixed predictor. The software for NEC 7720 has been developed and it was found that the NEC 7720 was capable of performing the entire ADPCAt algorithm for 4 channels in real time as optimizing the program. Computer simulation has born made to investigate a computational accuracr of NEC 7720 and to de-termine necessary parameters for a ADPCM codec. Real telephone speech, RC-shaped Gaussian noise and 1004 Hz tone signal were used for simulation. In simulation, the parameters werc optimized from the computed SNR and the informal listening test. The developed software was tested in real time operation using a hardware emulator for NEC 7720. It took a maximum 23.25$\mu$s to encode one sample and 113.5$\mu$s, including all the necessary 1/0 operations, to encode 4 channels. In the case of decoding process, it took 24.75$\mu$s to decode one sample and 119.5$\mu$s to decode 4 channels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.8
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• pp.85-99
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• 2011

Geometrical figures have been used as artwork motifs from the ancient times to the present day. The area of fashion, being a part of modern art, is also largely influenced by geometry and geometrical shapes are being used as a motif for fashion design now more than ever before. However, studies about geometry in the fashion field are not yet done enough and further research is necessary. This research will therefore investigate the usages of round, square and triangular design in contemporary fashion. The main scope of this research is to look at the type of expression and analyze the intrinsic meanings of these shapes in modern fashion. This research will look profoundly into the general characteristics of these geometrical figures and analyze the effects and uniqueness found in the world collection introduced since 2007. As a result from this study, it was found that round and square objects were perceived in such a straightforward and positive way and these designs, when worn, really completed the final look. On the other hand, the triangular design was used mainly for spatial expansion and was interpreted in a more metaphorical, indirect and abstract way. The intrinsic meaning of round, square and triangle figures in contemporary fashion consists of the informal features that really steps out of the formative clothing structure. The topological changes that is formed from the interactive functions and the wholism that creates a new system through integration of the human body and clothing contains the intrinsic meaning of these geometrical figures. Based on the research results, the method of expression and the characteristics of modern day fashion's geometrical figures was able to be easily understood. This work provides the useful information on the development of fashion design and the extended interpretation of clothing structure.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1001-1014
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• 2003

In a feature modeling, problems such as ambiguities, interpretation errors, incompleteness, etc caused by informal specification occur in the modeling phase. Therefore, feature specification method and processes are suggested in this paper to resolve these problems. The structure and language of feature modeling is defined in this paper to specify various features. First, this feature model is abstracted in the meta-level to get predicates and attributes. Formal feature model specification method is proposed using multi-paradigm language. Second, Feature specification process is proposed to describe how to specify feature formally. And third, Feature interaction management is defined to solve the problems caused between specified features. Finally, the proposed feature specification method is applied to Distributed Meeting Scheduler System domain.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.381-386
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• 2008

Virtual 3D audio methods that create 3D sound effects are researched highly for multimedia devices using 2 speakers or headphone. The most typical method to create 3D effects is a technology through use of head related transfer function (HRTF) which contains the information that sound arrives from a sound source to the ears of the listener. But it can decline some 3D effects by cone of confusion between front and back directions due to the non-individual HRTF depending on each listener. In this paper, we propose a new method to use psychoacoustic theory that creates realistic 3D audio. In order to improve 3D sound, we calculate the excitation energy of each symmetric HRTF and extract the ratio of energy of each bark range. Informal listening tests show that the proposed method improves the front-bach sound localization characteristics much better than the conventional methods.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.397-404
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• 2019

This study developed the ICT curriculum focusing on apartment security guards and analyzed the actual application results. We developed the educational contents and it designed ICT job courseware for elder education by considering and that designed in consideration of the computer attitudes and physical and cognitive characteristics of the elderly. The educational program was applied to the experimental group and the satisfaction and the educational effect were analyzed through the pre and post test results. As a result of the analysis, the satisfaction level of the education program was higher than the average of 4.00 points. The elderly informal education program was examined by using the qualitative assessment test tool before and after the application of the education program. Internet self-efficacy of experiment group, improvement of internet utilization ability, usage of internet use, personal information willingness, life correction, elimination of conflict among generations, self-confidence, and internet stress increased statistically significantly. These results suggest that the "Private Expense ICT Job Training" program developed in this study can be effective for elderly informatization and can be applied to other elderly education programs and contribute to promotion.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.149-166
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the statistical literacy in elementary school students when they beginning inference. Picto-graphs provide statistical information and often data-related arguments they certainly qualify as objects for interpretation, for critical evaluation, and for discussion or communication of the conclusions presented. For research, the inference from pictograph task was designed and statistical literacy standards for evaluating the student's level was presented based on prior studies. Evaluating student's statistical literacy is meaningful in that it can check their current level. To know the student's current level can help them achieve a higher level of performance. The outcomes of this research indicate that pictograph can provide a basis for rich tasks displaying not only student's counting skills but also their appreciation of variation and uncertainty in prediction. Raising statistical thinking by students is an important goal in statistical education, and the experience of informal statistical reasoning can help with formal statistical reasoning that will be learned later. Therefore, the task about the inference from a pictograph, discussions on statistical learning of elementary school children are expected to present meaningful implications for statistical education.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.105-116
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• 2017

This article is written in the viewpoint of landscape ecological geography. The coast of South Chung-chong Province will make new characters of region in the development strategies program. This study is to describe geomorphological landscapes of South Chung-chong Province relating with it's environment based on the coast. Although landforms constitute prominent landscape features as tidal flats and rock cliff do, it is nonetheless the features such as beaches, sanddunes, and coastal plains that have various ramifications for human communities. Tidal flats, beaches and coastal sanddunes are special in that their formation is attributable to the combined action of tidal flows, waves and winds. To some extent, the erosion of sand has been a global phenomenon. Human impact are involved. The influence of globalization and expansion of liberal trade appears in regions variously. Individual regions need to secure its competitiveness in the world market. Regions are not value-neutral abstract conception, but must be informal commercialized characters of region. The coast of South Chung-chong Province has experienced rapid and dramatic changes. In industrial times, the middle of west coast Korea turned into a major reclamation at larger scale. Reclaimed land was based on location of industry and mechanized agriculture. The west coast highway and bridges between island and land contributed to the development of west coast transportation. As information society matured, trend and value are changing. Environment and ecology emphasize and rediscover the value of tidal flats and sanddunes. The west coast region now receives attention as eco-tour and sustainable course.