• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.308-315
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• 2018

SWMM-LID was calibrated with flow monitoring data in LHI to evaluate runoff after LID application. The flow rate in the B basin was estimated to be 0.94 and 6.15 for O/S and $D_v$, respectively. In the A and C basins, the difference between the observed and simulated data was greater than in the B basin. As a result of runoff reduction efficiency by the application of LID facilities, the change of infiltration increased from 34.6 % to 45.8 % in the entire watershed, and the runoff decreased from 58.8 % to 46.3 %. In the runoff reduction of each LID facility, rain garden E showed the highest effect with 99.9 % and bioretention B showed the lowest effect with 27.5 %. In order to evaluate the efficiency of each LID facility, a comparison is made between the pore volume (V) of the LID and the catchment area (A). The runoff showed a runoff reduction effect of about 70 % above the 0.1 volume/area (V/A) value. As a result of examining the runoff reduction with LID facilities by the LID module of SWMM, a reasonable design is possible by reflecting the appropriate LID volume to drainage area.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2014

Water for crop growth were supplied by irrigation in protected cultivation and these are accumulated in the soil and utilized for crop evapotranspiration. The study for analyzing soil moisture characteristics is necessary for adequate irrigation water and soil water management in protected cultivation. Soil moisture content, irrigation water quantity and meteorological data were monitored to analyze soil moisture increment and extraction characteristics in terms of soil layers and cucumber crop growth stages. In first cropping period, the total amount of irrigation water was 5.07 mm/day, soil moisture increment was 4.82 mm/day and soil moisture extraction was 5.56 mm/day. In second cropping period, the total amount of irrigation water was 4.82 mm/day, soil moisture increment was 4.65 mm/day and soil moisture extraction was 4.73 mm/day. Soil moisture extraction rate from 0 to 75 cm is 90.3 % in first cropping period and 79.1 % in second cropping period. The majority irrigation water were consumed in root zone, however, about 15 % of soil moisture were losses by infiltration in lower soil layer. Soil moisture extraction and extraction pattern of cucumber crop calculated in this study can be utilized as a basic data for irrigation water management in protected cultivation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2 s.30
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• pp.365-385
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• 1995

In order to prove the antitumor effect of Wekyungtang(WKT) that was originated in Bigeubchunkeumyobang(備急千金要方), Wekyungtang with Houttuyniae Herba(WKT-I) and Wekyungtang with Oldenlandiae diffusae Herba(WKT-II) experimentally, the studies were done, We evaluated the cytotoxic activity against B16- Fo as well as the synergistic effects with anticancer drugs such as cyclophophamide (CPM), cisplatin(CPT) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vitro and measured body weight, survival time, hematological changes, changes of tissues in G57BL／6 implanted with B16-Fo. The results were obtained as follows: 1. In vitro cytotoxic effect against B16-Fo was shown in all groups as compared with control group, but the concentrations showing inhibitory growth rate below 55% of control was recognized in all concentrations of Wekyungtang(WKT) against B16-Fo and also concentration of $10^4$g／ml above in all group with cyclophophamide (CPM), concentration of $10^3$g／ml in Wekyungtang(WKT-l) with cisplatin(CPT) in synergistic effect, 2. In vivo body and tumor weight were significantly suppressed in all groups as compared with control group 3. The number of platelet, WBC, RBC were significantly increased in all groups, platelet aggregation was significantly increased in WKT-I and WKT-II as compared with control group. 4. In changes of tissues heavy infiltration oh cancer was shown in portal vein, pulmonary tissue, vein, peribronchiole, aveoli, while WKT-I was effective in antihepatic metastasis and WKT-II in pulmonary matastasis. From above results it was concluded that wekyungtang(WKT), wekyungtang with Houttuyniae Herba(WKT-I) and wekyungtang with Oldenlandiae diffusae Herba(WKT -II) had antitumor effect, and also wekyungtang combined with Houttuyniae Herba or Oldenlandiae diffusae Herba were more effective than wekyungtang only and also cyclophophamide (CPM), cisplatin(CPT) showed the more synergistic effect which suggests the necessity of continuous study on the mechanism of antitumor action of Houttuyniae Herba or Oldenlandiae diffusae Herba.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5-16
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• 2016

This study aims to assess the influence of rainfall patterns on shallow landslides initiation. Doing so, five typical rainfall patterns with the same cumulative amount and intensity components comprising Advanced (A1 and A2), Centralized (C), and Delayed (D1 and D2) were designed based on a historical rainstorm event in Jinbu. Mt area. Those patterns were incorporated as the hydrological conditions into the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-based Regional Slope-stability Model (TRIGRS) to assess their influences on groundwater pressure and changes in the stability of the slope. The results revealed that not only the cumulative rainfall thresholds necessary to initiate landslides, but also the rate at which the factor of safety decreases and the time required to reach the critical state, are governed by rainfall patterns. The sooner the peak rainfall intensity, the smaller the cumulative rainfall threshold, and the shorter the time until landslide occurrence. Left-skewed patterns were found to have a greater effect on landslide initiation. Specifically, among five rainfalls, pattern (A1) produced the most critical state. The severity of response was followed by patterns A2, C, D1, and D2. Our conclusion is that rainfall patterns have a significant effect on the cumulative rainfall threshold, the build-up of groundwater pressure, and the occurrence of shallow landslides.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.539-550
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• 2020

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a fatal malignant tumor that is characterized by diffusive growth of tumor cells into the surrounding brain parenchyma. However, the diffusive nature of GBM and its relationship with the tumor microenvironment (TME) is still unknown. Here, we investigated the interactions of GBM with the surrounding microenvironment in orthotopic xenograft animal models using two human glioma cell lines, U87 and LN229. The GBM cells in our model showed different features on the aspects of cell growth rate during their development, dispersive nature of glioma tumor cells along blood vessels, and invasion into the brain parenchyma. Our results indicated that these differences in the two models are in part due to differences in the expression of CXCR4 and STAT3, both of which play an important role in tumor progression. In addition, the GBM shows considerable accumulation of resident microglia and peripheral macrophages, but polarizes differently into tumor-supporting cells. These results suggest that the intrinsic factors of GBM and their interaction with the TME determine the diffusive nature and probably the responsiveness to non-cancer cells in the TME.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.93-97
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• 2003

Using alumina-glass infiltrated material which has been in the spotlight of biomaterials including dental material, appropriate composition of glass infiltrated material mainly depends on the thermal expansion coefficient. To obtain proper compositional glass of suitable thermal expansion coefficient effiiently. a Taguchi analysis was conducted. The influence of alkali oxide and alkali earths oxide, which affect mostly the thermal expansion coefficient of glass infiltrated material, was infiltrated material, the effect having influenced on the thermal expansion coefficient of glass was presented in this order (Na$_2$O≫K$_2$O ≫MgO≒CaO). The effect of Na$_2$O was about eight times as great as the effects of MgO, CaO and $K_2$O was about four times. Among the interaction affects of each variables the interaction affects of $K_2$O-CaO showed most significantly and thermal expansion property of specified composition was predicted by calculating contribution rate on each level of variables and interaction affects.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.748-753
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• 2008

In modern buildings, the air-tightness and insulation for energy saving resulted in degradation of Indoor Air Quality(IAQ). It has brought out new diseases such as New Building Syndrome(NBS) and Sick Building Syndrome(SBS) to the tenants of such buildings. As a result, researches on the Dynamic Breathing Building(DBB) are being undertaken to minimize energy loss as well as to improve IAQ. DBB is a state-of-the-art technology to build channels inside the wall so that air migrates between indoor and outdoor, which improves insulation performance and IAQ. This study attempts to evaluate the improvement of DBB employed in real buildings. As analyzing tools, IAQ improvement and particle degradation while were evaluated while the required indoor ventilation rate was satisfied. DBB were installed in the twin test cells at Korea Institute of Energy Research(KIER). From the test, IAQ was compared with outdoor air base on the concentration of particle matter(PM10). As a results, the concentration of particle dust (PM10) within the breathing walls was reduced by 80% at 0.7 ACH, 67% at 2 ACH, 63% at 3 ACH respectively. As ACH is higher, Dnamic Isulation(DI) and normal wall permit more PM10 particles being infiltrated.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.513-522
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• 2014

Climate change and urbanization have affected a increase of peak discharge and water pollution etc. In a view of these aspects, the LID(Low Impact Development) technology has been highlighted as one of adjustable control measures to mimic predevelopment hydrologic condition. Many LID technologies have developed, but there is a lack of studies with verification of LID technology efficiency. Therefore this study developed a rainfall-runoff simulator could be possible to verify LID technology efficiency. Using this simulator, this study has experimented the rainfall verification through the rainfall distribution experiment and the experiment to show the relation between inflow and effective rainfall in order to sprinkle the equal rainfall in each unit bed. As a result, the study defined the relation between allowable discharge range and RPM by nozzle types and verified the hydrologic cycle such as the relation between infiltration rate, surface runoff and subsurface runoff at pervious area and impervious area through the rainfall-runoff experiment.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.207-217
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• 2008

This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of fascioliasis of slaughtered and farmed cattle in Gwangju area from February to November in 2007. A total of 1,000 cattle fecal samples were collected from slaughter houses (n=805) and farms (n=185). Twelve (1.2%) were found as positive cases with excretion of the egg of Fasciola spp in the fecal specimens, and 128 (12.8%) were positive in intestinal parasitism using the flotation and sedimentation procedures. The infection rate of fluke larvae from the slaughtered cattle at abattoirs in Gwangju was 0.75% (6 out of 805 heads). In histopathology, there were several liver lesions such as inflammation with infiltration of eosinophil, polymorphonuclear cells, mononuclear cells and multinucleated giant cells, proliferation of connective tissue, calcification and abscess formation.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.65-74
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• 2013

The natural disaster occurrences and the loss of lives caused by the steep-slope failures in Korea were investigated in this study. The investigation includes the frequency rate of the steep-slope failures with respect to the characteristics of precipitation, underlying bedrock, and weathered soils. Analysis on the problems in the existing estimation methods of steep-slope failure was also undertaken, and a new model using unsaturated infinite slope stability was developed for the better slope failure estimation. The slope analyses by the newly developed model were performed considering unsaturated infinite slope, the gradient of slope, and hydro/mechanical properties of soils. Steep-slope failure estimation criterion is proposed based on the analysis results. In addition, the precipitation amount corresponding to warning stages against steep-slope failure is provided as an equation of Intensity-Duration criterion.