• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1993

The tooth size and shape of the permanent incisor teeth have been studied and analyzed about the mean size, S.D, S.E, etcs and percentage from stone model of 100 Korean male and 74 Korean female. The results were as follows. 1. The crown length of permanent incisor teeth were longer in males than in females statistical differences of males and female were not found. 2. the mesio-distal diameters of permanent incisor teeth were larger in males than in females and statistical differences of males and females were found in mandibular lateral incisor and the bigest were max. central incisor, 2nd max. lateral incisor, 3rd man. lateral incisor and the smallest were man. central incisor. 3. The square form in max. central incisor was the greatest percentage and the tapering form in max. lateral incisor and man, incisor was the greatest percentage but tapering form and ovoid form and other shape were found in max. lateral at the same ratio. 4. Concerning the labial developmental groove "midium" was the greatest percentage in the max. central incisor and "low" was the greatest percentage in the man incisor. Concerning the incisal line, straight line was the greatest percentage in the max, incisor and man, incisor and concerning the lingual tubercle "none" was the greatest percentage in the max. incisor. 5. In comparison between left side and right side of incisor, the ratio of same shape ware 22.4%-36.2% but similar or dissimilar cases were more frequently found.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.77-80
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• 2010

This article describes esthetic improvement in a patient with a missing maxillary left central incisor. Space analysis of the anterior dentition showed that minor tooth rearrangement was needed. Optimal space distribution for restorations was attained by orthodontic treatment. Through transforming tooth shape with porcelain laminate veneers, the maxillary left lateral incisor was transformed into central incisor and the maxillary left canine into a lateral incisor. The maxillary right central incisor was also restored for esthetic improvement. In a case of changing a tooth shape with porcelain laminate veneers, pre-treatment evaluation, space analysis and diagnostic wax-up are important factors.

• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.28-31
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• 1998

It is difficult to make an artificial central incisor similar to natural tooth. All ceramic porcelain of this patient is not esthetic, and there is gingival recession due to ill-fitted margin. She has class II division 1 occlusion, so upper central incisors is labioversed. Upper light central incisor is well-characterized but the yellowish brown color of dentin is appeared on the incisal third portion of the central incisor. At 1st trial, the shape and characterization of restoration is good but shade is little dark. At 2nd trial, the shape is better but patient complained on black triangle of mid interdental space, so mesiocervical portion of restoration is overcontoured to compromise the black triangle. Completed metal ceramic crown is in harmony with the adjacent central incisor in aspect of shape, shade, and characterization.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.377-379
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• 1974

A rare case of two supernumerary teeth on the lingual side of the upper central incisors was observed in a 17 year old korean male. The characteristics were as follow : 1) The site of the occurrence was on the lingual side of upper central incisors. 2) The sizes of both supernumerary teeth were smaller than the normal incisor teeth and quite different from the normal incisors in the tooth shape. 3) A diastema was seen between the maxillary central incisors, and the right incisor exhibited labioversion and left incisor exhibited some mesial inclination.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2022

이 연구의 목적은 상악 측절치 과잉치의 해부학적인 특징과 정상 측절치와의 관계에 대해 정량적 분석을 시행하는 것에 있다. 43명의 44개의 상악 측절치 과잉치를 대상으로 전산화 단층 방사선사진을 이용하여 측절치 과잉치의 위치, 형태, 방향 및 측절치 과잉치와 인접한 영구전치와의 관계를 관찰하였다. 또한 측절치 과잉치와 인접한 측절치 및 반대측 측절치의 크기를 비교하기 위해 각각의 치관 근원심 폭경을 계측하였고, 치아성숙도를 비교하기 위해 Nolla stage를 이용하여 각 치아의 치근 발육 정도를 평가하였다. 측절치 과잉치는 90.9%의 비율로 정위 방향으로 존재하였고, 84.1%가 보충형의 형태로 존재하였다. 측절치 과잉치는 인접한 측절치나 반대측의 측절치에 비해 치관의 크기가 통계적으로 유의하게 작았고(p < .0001), 치근 발육 단계에서는 통계적 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로, 상악 측절치 과잉치는 정상측절치와 매우 유사하지만 치관 크기에 있어서 차이를 보인다. 상악 측절치 과잉치가 존재하는 경우, 교정적 혹은 심미적인 문제를 줄이기 위해 측절치와 과잉치를 정확하게 구분하여 치료하는 것이 중요하다.

• 대한심미치과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1996

The arrangement of anterior artificial teeth is an important factor on the esthetics in the construction of complete dentures and prostheses. During construction of the complete denture the position of maxillary central incisor plays an important role in the arrangements of artificial teeth. The proper position of maxillary central incisor provides natural appearance of anterior teeth and the anterior reference point of occlusal plane. Many methods have been utilized to eatablish the position of the maxillary central incisor in complete denture prosthodontics. However, there has not been provided for the reference for Korean yet. This study was aimed to extablish a guide for the position of the maxillary central inciosr in Koreans. The horizontal and vertical distance between the maxillary central incisor and incisive papilla in Koreans were measured. 1. The mean value of horizontal distance from the maxillary central incisor to the incisive papilla had significant sexual difference, The average distance was 12.648mm in male and 11.385mm in female. 2. The horizontal distance of the incisive papilla had sexual difference, the average distance was 6.182mm in male and 5.622mm in female. 3. The vertical distance from the maxillary central incisor to the incisive papilla had not sexual difference, the average distance was 7.21mm. 4. The crown length of the maxillary central inciosrs from the distal interdental papilla had not sexual difference, the right central incisor was 6.40mm(mean) and the left central inciosr was 6.43mm(mean). 5. The clinical crown length of the maxillary central incisors had not sexual difference, the right central incisor 10.35mm(mean) and the left central incisor was 10.43mm(mean). 6. The shapes of the incisive papilla were pear(68.4%), oval(16%), triangular(6%), irregular(5%), rectangular(4%), and inverted pear(1%) shape.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.85-97
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• 1995

The arrangement of anterior artificial teeth is an important factor on the esthetics in the construction of complete denture and prosthesis. During construction of the complete denture the position of maxillary central incisor plays an important role in the arrangements of artificial teeth. The proper position of maxillary central incisor provides natural appearance of anterior teeth and the anterior reference point of occlusal plane. Many methods have been utilized to eatablish the position of the maxillary central incisor in complete denture prosthodontics. However, there has not been provided for the reference for Korean yet. This study was aimed to extablish the position of the maxillary central inciosr in Korean. The horizontal and vertical distance between the maxillary central incisor and incisive papilla in korean were measured. The results were as follows : 1. The mean value of horizontal distance from the maxillary central incisor to the incisive papilla had significant sexual difference, the average distance was 12.648mm (male), 11.385mm(female). 2. The horizontal distance of incisive papilla had sexual difference, the average distance was 6.182mm(male), 5.622mm(female). 3. The vertical distance from the maxillary central incisor to the incisive papilla had not sexual difference, the average distance was 7.21mm. 4. The crown length of maxillary central inciosrs from the distal interdental papilla had not sexual difference, the right central incisor was 6.40mm(mean) and the left central inciosr was 6.43mm(mean). 5. The clinical crown length of the maxillary central incisors had not sexual difference, the right central incisor 10.35mm(mean) and the left central incisor was 10.43mm(mean). 6. The anatomic shapes of incisive papilla were pear(68.4%), oval(16%), triangular(6%), irregular(5%), rectangular(4%), and inverted pear(1%) shape.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2007

심한 치근 만곡을 동반한 매복은 흔하지 않으며, 특히 상악 전치의 경우에 그러하다. 이는 외과적 노출과 교정적 견인이 임상적으로 매우 어려우며, 치근유착, 치근의 외흡수, 교정적 견인 후 치근 노출 등의 위험이 있을 수 있기 때문이다. 비록 성공적으로 치료된 증례라 하더라도 치은의 심미를 향상시키기 위하여 치주수술이 필요한 경우가 많다. 본 증례보고는 발육중인 만곡된 치근을 가진 역위 매복된 상악 중절치의 closed eruption technique를 이용한 교정 치험예를 소개하였다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.593-604
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• 1995

하악 전치의 밀집은 가장 흔히 볼 수 있는 부정교합의 특징중의 하나이며 교정치료후의 안정성과 재발 측면에서도 중요 관심의 대상이다. 이를 유발시킬 수 있는 원인으로 그동안 많은 요소가 연구되어 왔으며 치아의 크기도 그 중의 하나이다. 현재 교정치료의 진단과 치료에 사용되고 있는 치아 크기 측정에서는 순설측 폭경의 의미가 간과되어 왔는데 Peck과 Peck이 이상적인 하악 전치부 배열을 가진 경우 절치의 근원심 폭경은 평균보다 작고 순설측 폭경은 평균보다 크다는 통계학적 수치를 발표하고 MD/FL index가 하악 전치부 밀집과 높은 상관관계를 가진다고 주장하였다. 본 연구는 한국인에 있어서 하악 절치의 형태 및 크기와 하악 전치부 밀집간의 상관관계, 그들과 전악궁의 치아 밀집간의 연관성을 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. 11세에서 17세에 이르는 154명의 석고 모형을 채득하여 Irregularity index 1 미만인 35명의 정상군과 Irregularity index 1 이상인 119명의 밀집군으로 분류하고 석고모형상에서 연관성 있다고 추정되는 계측항목을 측정한 후 통계처리하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 하악 절치의 근원심 폭경은 밀집군에서 큰 값을 보였으나 중절치에서만 유의성을 보였고, 순설측 폭경과 MD/FL index는 유의차가 없게 나타났다. 2. Irregularity index는 밀집군의 하악 절치의 근원심 폭경, MD/FL index와 유의성있는 상관관계를 나타냈으나 순설측 폭경과는 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 또한 상하악의 Arch length discrepancy, 치관 근원심 폭경 총화와는 순상관 관계를, 하악 견치간 폭경과 제 1 소구치간 폭경과는 역상관관계를 나타내었다. 3. 상하악의 arch length discrepancy는 하악 절치의 근원심 폭경, overbite과 유의성 있는 상관관계를 나타내었고 순설측 폭경과는 상관관계가 나타나지 않았다. 하악의 arch length discrepancy는 하악 절치의 MD/FL index와, 상악의 arch length discrepancy는 측절치의 MD/FL index에서 상관관계를 나타내었다. 4. 정상군과 밀집군의 각 계측항목의 t-검정 결과 하악의 arch length discrepancy, overbite에서만 유의차를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.461-471
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• 2006

In order to achieve a satisfactory esthetic result of periodontal surgery or implant in maxillary anterior area, periodontists must be aware of normal alveolar bone anatomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of alveolar bone morphology to tooth shape and form. 78(mean age : 25 yrs) periodontally healthy volunteers participated in this study. Two maxillary central incisor and one lateral incisor were selected to study. With minimal local anesthesia, gutta-percha cone inserted to labial gingival sulcus of selected teeth just after bone sounding with periodontal probe. Metal ball (4mm diameter) attached to palatal fossa of central incisor. Then, periapical radiograph was taken according to long cone paralleling technique. After film scan, labial alveolar bone profile reproduced along interproximal bone and apical ends of gutta-percha cones on computer screen. By utilizing computer program, the distance from height of interproximal bone to the labial bone crest in central incisor-central incisor and central incisor-lateral incisor area was measured and converted to real distance by using vertical length of metal ball on film. After measuring crown length & width of central incisor, the 10 individuals ranked lowest GW/L ratio (crown width/length ratio) and the 10 ranked highest were selected as having a long-narrow(group N), or a short-wide(group W) form of the central incisors. Means of the distance from height of interproximal bone to the labial bone crest of group N, W were calculated and compared by means of independent t-test. The results were as follows: 1. Mean distance from the height of the interproximal bone to the labial bone crest was $3.5{\pm}0.7mm$ between two central incisor, and $2.8{\pm}0.6mm$ between central and lateral incisor. 2. Mean GW/L ratio of group N was 0.57, and group W was 0.8. Mean distance from the height of the interproximal bone to the labial bone crest of group N was higher than group W in both measured area(measurements of group N, W were $3.9{\pm0.2mm$ and $3.5{\pm}0.2mm$ between two central incisor, $3.0{\pm}0.2mm$ and $2.8{\pm}0.2mm$ between central and lateral incisor), but there were no statistically significant differences when the groups were compared. Within the limits of the present study, there was a tendency that subjects with long-narrow teeth have more scalloped alveolar bone profile than subjects with short-wide teeth in upper anterior area, but no statistically significant differences were found.