• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.88-95
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• 2009

This study is for understanding the domestic possibilities of the high temperature incineration of waste containing Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) with the analysis of normal operation case and waste gas, fly ash, dioxin about bottom ash, Total-PCBs, Co-PCBs, and the for analysis the heavy metal leaching feature included by bottom ash and fly ash, heavy metal leaching experiment was implemented. The result shows the dioxin density of the waste gas from waste containing PCBs was $0.00699{\sim}0.00763ng-TEQ/Nm^3$, which is lower than $0.0192ng-TEQ/Nm^3$ from the normal operation case. And each Co-PCBs and total PCBs shows $0.00043{\sim}0.00112ng-TEQ/Nm^3$ and $3.06{\sim}3.87ng/m^3$ respectively. The bottom ash test result shows Dioxin 0.00225~0.00630ng-TEQ/g, Co-PCBs 0.00027~0.00082ng-TEQ/g, Total PCBs 0.9~2.6ng/g, and the fly ash shows Dioxin 0.00164~0.00344ng-TEQ/g, Co-PCBs 0.00053~0.00054ng-EQ/g, Total PCBs 0.64~0.84ng/g. The bottom ash and fly ash experiments for heavy metal leaching did not show any leaching but when it comes to the ingredients of the fly ash, Pb elements shows 31.01~237.7ppm, higher than leaching criterion. The analysis of the density of all air pollution material from the waste gas shows the lower value than permissible criterion.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.16 no.2 s.76
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• pp.32-39
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• 2007

The measurement of physicochemical properties of ASR incineration ash has been carried dot and the preparation of light-weight material has also been performed using ASR ash for recycling point of view as building or construction materials. For this aim, chemical composition, particle size distribution, and heavy metal leachability were examined for 2 bottom ashes and 4 fly ashes obtained from the domestic ASR incinerator. In the present work, attempt has been made to prepare the lightweight material using boiler ash as a raw material, which is prepared by forming the mixture of boiler ash, lightweisht filler and inorganic binder and followed by calcination at elevated temperature. As a result, the content of Cu in bottom ash was as high as about 3wt% so that the recovery of Cu from ash was required. The major compound of SDR #5 and Bag filter #6 was found to be $CaCl_2{\cdot}Ca(OH)_2{\cdot}H_2O\;and\;CaCl_2{\cdot}4H_2O$, respectively. It is thought that heavy metal teachability of lightweight material prepared with boiler ash was significantly decreased due to the encapsulation or stabilization of heavy metal compounds.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.37-41
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• 2000

폐기물 소각시 발생되는 각종 유해가스 및 비산회재(fly ash)는 후처리 설비에 의해 배출허용기준치 이하로 처리된 후 대기 중으로 방출되도록 환경 규제되고 있다. 그러나 포집된 비산회재(fly ash) 및 노하부 배출재(bottom ash) 내에는 미 연소된 상태로 배출된 유해성 유기물질(다이옥신, 퓨란류 등)과 중금속 성분이 함유되어 있어 이들 소각잔류물(incineration residues)을 안정화나 무해화 처리 없이 단순 매립할 경우 강우에 의해 소각잔류물 내의 유해성분이 침출됨에 따라 토양이나 지하수 등에 2차 환경오염을 일으키게 된다. (중략)

• Clean Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Rapid growth in nanotechnology promise novel benefits through the exploitation of their unique industrial applications. However, as increasing of production amount of nanomaterials, their unintentional exposure to the environment has been caused. Therefore, there is a need for effective management of nanowaste to the sustainable nanotechnology. One possible endpoint at the environmental exposure scenario for nanowaste treatment is incineration. Although a few study on the incineration of nanomaterials was reported, pioneering researchers found that although it is possible to incinerate nanowaste without releasing nanoparticles into the atmosphere, the residues (bottom ash or slag) with nanomaterials eventually end up in landfills. Though there are still many questions to understand the fate of nanomaterials in incinerator, firstly we have to study whether nanowaste treatment via incineration is safe to human and environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.65-68
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• 1999

A plasma melting system to vitrify ny ash from MSW(Municipal Solid Waste) incinerator has been operated in SHI(Samsung Heavy Industries) since 1996. Waste feeding rate was 200kg/hr. with maximum working power of 500㎾. Because of high melting temperature of fly ash, bottom ash was used as an additive to decrease melting temperature. Data analysis for discharged slag shows volume reduction up to 30% and no leaching of heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cr which were an obstacle for landfill and recycle. Atmospheric pollution gas like nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and PCDD/PCDF were restrained below the regulatory limit.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.03b
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• pp.528-535
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• 2000

Solid waste incinerator is expected to become widely used in Korea. The incineration of solid waste produces large quantities of bottom and fly ash, which has been disposed of primary by landfilling. However, as landfills become undesirable other disposal method are being sought. In this study, an experimental research is conducted to determine the geotechnical properties of municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash(MSWIF) in order to evaluate the feasibility of using the material for geotechnical applications. Basic pysicochemical characteristics, moisture-density relationship, strength, permeability, and leaching characteristics are examined. The results of MSWIF are compared to other MSWIF and coal fly ash which are used as construction material. In addition, the effectiveness of cement stabilization is investigated using various mix ratios. The result of stabilized mixes are compared to the unstabilized material. Cement stabilization is found to be very effective in reducing permeability, increasing strength, and immobilizing heavy metals. This results indicate that MSWIF with cement stabilization may be used effectively for geotechnical application.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.27-36
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• 2002

The clinker of which main component was calcium-chloroaluminate ($l1CaOㆍ7Al_2$$O_3$ㆍ$CaCl_2$), was synthesized with the bottom ash of municipal solid waste incinerator ash. The hydration mechanism and synthesis temperature of calcium-chloro-aluminate were investigated. The synthesized clinker was blended with a cement. It was substituted with 3～13 wt.% for clinker and $CaSO_4$ of ordinary portland cement. The compressive strength and the content of leached heavy metals of its mortar were measured. Calcium-chloroaluminate was synthesized above $800^{\circ}C$ and its main hydrate was ettringite ($3CaOㆍAl_2$$O_3$ㆍ$3CaSO_4$ㆍ$32H_2$O). The calcium-chloroaluminate was also synthesized above $800^{\circ}C$ with the bottom ash of which size fraction was below 30 mesh mainly. The compressive strength of the blended cement mortar was increased as the additive content of the clinker synthesized from the bottom ash was increased by 11 wt.%. The concentration of heavy metals leached from each mortar was satisfied with the value of the environmental standards and regulations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.277-280
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• 2008

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.213-220
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• 1993

The problem of disposing of huge quantities of used tires is of growing concern to every country. As an economical solid waste management, a gasification followed by incineration process was applied to scrap tires to recover heat and to reduce waste volume for final landfill disposal. The gasification temperature, combustible and non-combustible gasified products and possibly produced air pollutants were predicted by changing equivalent mole ratios of carbon to oxygen by a chemical equilibrium model. For a risk assessment of ash toxic pollutants including heavy metals and toxic organics were thoroughly analyzed. Gasification bottom ash contained much more toxic organic compounds than fly ash, whereas fly ash contained higher concentration of heavy metals such as Pb and Cd. Pretreatment or secure landfill technology is suggested for a safe management of ash produced from the gasification incinerators.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.659-663
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• 2001

In Japan, the municipal solid waste, which amounts to 50 million tons, is generated every year and most of it is incinerated. The bottom and fly ashes are disposed to the registered disposal areas under the provisions of The Waste Disposal and Public Cleaning Law. Especially, as the fly ash from the municipal waste incineration (the primary fly ash) contains heavy metals (lead, zinc, etc) and dioxins, it cannot be disposed directly without decontamination, such as moiling, cementation, chelating and dissolving processes provided in the law. However, these procedures for decontamination, except melting, are not enough for dioxins. Even in case of melting, the fly ash from the process (the secondary fly ash) contains high concentration of heavy metals (e.g., Zn; 1-20%, Pb; 1-10%). For these reasons, Metal Mining Agency of Japan (MMAJ), a governmental organization, started a four-year project to develop the treatment technologies of these fly ashes in 1999. The purpose of the project is to establish the integrated technologies to recover the valuable metals from, and to decontaminate, the primary and secondary fly-ashes in the practical scale by utilizing the existing metallurgical processes and facilities, along with the energy saving and the reduction of the environmental impact.