• Title/Summary/Keyword: incentives

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Impact of Market, Institution and Technology on the Location of FDI: The Case Study of Korean Samsung CDMA FDI in China (한국 대중국 해외직접투자에 대한 시장, 제도 및 기술의 입지효과 - 한국 삼성 CDMA 대중국 해외직접투자 사례연구 -)

  • Sung-Cheol Lee;Sung-Hoon Jung
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.39 no.2
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    • pp.241-255
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    • 2004
  • The main aim of this article is to identify the fundamental reason for changes in the geography of Korean foreign direct investment (FDI) in China. More specifically, the article argues that changes in the industrial sectors and the location of FDI resulted from the transition of strategies for Korean FDI in China since the late 1990s is not based on ownership specific advantages, internalization advantages and locational advantages (OIL), but on changes in site where both the needs of Korea and China are articulated, i.e. the strategy for business integration, centering on market, institution and technology. In other words, changes in the location of Korean FDI in China have been the result of changes in the Chinese market structure, institutional changes in Chinese inward FDI incentives and regulations and the accumulation of Korean technology capability since 2000. In addition, by investigating production networks in China, this article attempts to identify the relationships between changes in Korean FDI location and changes in market, institution and technology. Therefore, the empirical evidence provided by the case study of CDMA (code division multiple access) mobile communications FDI since 2000 in China is used to identify the impact of market, institution and technology on the location of Korean FDI in China.

Policy Suggestions for Soil Contamination Prevention and Management of Inactive or Abandoned Metal Mines (휴.폐금속광산지역의 토양오염관리정책의 평가)

  • Park Yong-Ha;Seo Kyung-Won
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2006
  • Attempts were made to analyze the national policy of soil contamination prevention and management of inactive or abandoned metal (IAM) mines in Korea. This approach focused on legal systems and legislation, remediation technology development, and the arrangement or distribution of budgets pertaining to national policy since the mid 1990's. Prevention of Mining Damage and Recovery Act enacted. Defines the roles, responsibility and budget of the government when recovering mine damages. However, in 2005 there still remains to improve the national policy of soil contamination prevention and management of IAM mines. Analysis of national and industrialized foreign countries including the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands suggest the following improvements: i) arranging distinct regulations between strict and non-strict liability criteria for potentially responsible parties; limiting innocent and non-strict liability depending on the period of incurred mining activity, ii) enhancing participation of local communities by enforcing law and legislation, iii) establishing a national database system of (potentially) IAM contaminated sites based on the Website-Geographic Information System, iv) carrying out site-specific risk assessments and remediation of IAM contaminated sites, v) preparation and distribution of clean-up fund at mine sites adequately, and vi) technology development for the cleaning of IAM contaminated sites; awarding positive incentives of a legal nature for participants applying newly developed technology in IAM mines.

A Study on the Systematic Improvement of Civil Aviation Safety (민간항공 안전의 체계적 개선에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Maeng-Sern
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.17-33
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    • 2004
  • Korea's economic development plans instituted in the 1970's, affected by the growth centered policy and rapid industrialization, have prevailed without having aviation safety management system, along with the safety of the other various means of transportation, settled in its place, and subsequently, the aviation accidents occurred until the beginning of year 2000 have incurred an enormous social expense, not to say of a massive loss of human lives. Especially, with regard to the causal factors of accidents, most of recent accidents have been associated with human factor of airmen, thus, only if this can be detected in advance and prevented, the aircraft accident rate will be reduced by a large margin. Therefore, in order to develope improvement methods on the safety system of civil aviation, in this study, safety management system has been divided into three stages: an advance preventive system, a handling system at an accident's occurrence and a post accident handling system, and thereby improvement methods on aviation safety have been suggested for each stage. The threatening factors agatinst aviation safety have been found to be the absence of management standards and regulations, the indifference to or the lack of the law abiding apirit as major factors, and in order to improve on which, it is required that the settlement of the institutional safety management system should precede, and that the Government and the aviation industry should also make a continuous effort to identify the threatening factors against aviation safety, and to provide incentives for the law abiding spirit and the attitude of giving top priority to safety to spread among all the employees.

A Study on the Perceptions of University Researchers on Data Management and Sharing (데이터 관리와 공유에 대한 대학 연구자들의 인식에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Jihyun
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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    • v.49 no.3
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    • pp.413-436
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    • 2015
  • This study aimed to investigate data management practices of university researchers in Korea, as well as their experiences and perceptions of data sharing and reuse. For this purpose, it performed semi-structured interviews of 13 researchers who agreed to participate in interviews followed by a survey conducted prior to this study. The interview participants created or collected research data with various types and formats, and only a few conducted data documentation while they recognized its significance. The majority of participants perceived the period that data would be useful as the period that data can be employed for publications. However, most participants wanted to preserve data beyond the period that data would be considered useful and it indicates they have no small need for data storage and preservation. Participants usually shared data with those whom they have known, such as a personal research group or a research team. While some completely agree with the principle that publicly-funded data should be open to the public, others partially agreed or disagreed with it. Most participants were concerned about being scooped, plagiarism, and maintaining the first right to publish and incentives to mitigate the concerns would be necessary.

Managerial Ownership and R & D Investment in the Chinese Firms : Comparison between State_Owned Firms and Private_Owned Firms (경영자 지분이 연구개발투자에 미치는 영향: 중국 국유기업과 민영기업 비교를 중심으로)

  • Cho, Young-Gon;Zhou, Xiao Long;Zhang, Xiao Pan
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.8-17
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    • 2017
  • Using 1855 observations from 5 years-371 firms panel data during 2010 to 2014 in Chinese stock exchanges, this study examines the impact of managers' ownership on R & D expenditures. The empirical study finds that when firms are state-owned, managers' ownership have negative relation with the level of R & D expenses as well as the likelihood of executing R & D investment, implying that managers are less likely to invest in high risky projects due to managerial ownership's entrenchment effects to pursue private benefits rather than alignment of interest effect as shareholders. The empirical study also finds that when firms are private-owned, managerial ownership are inverse U shaped related to the level of R & D expenses, implying that managers are less likely to invest in high risky projects due to increasing risk aversion resulting from concentration of private wealth at its high level while managers are more likely to invest in high risky projects due to increasing incentives as shareholders at its low level. The results support that the effects of managerial ownership on R & D expenses may be different according to the ownership type of Chinese listed firms.

End of life care stress and Nursing Work Environment in Geriatric Hospitals Nurses affect burn out (요양병원 간호사의 임종간호스트레스와 간호근무환경이 소진에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Ji-Hyean;Park, Jung-Suk
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.449-458
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    • 2017
  • This research is a descriptive correlation research for comprehending the end of life care stresses, work environment, and reduction of nurses in geriatric hospitals and analyzing the factors influencing their burnout. We recruited 195 nurses from 8 geriatric hospitals in B metropolitan city and collected data on the end of life care stress, work environment and reduction using organized questionnaires. The data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 21.0 program. The average grade of end life care stress was $3.84{\pm}0.56$, nursing work environment $3.25{\pm}0.60$, and burnout $2.93{\pm}0.52$. There was a positive correlation between the end of life care stress and reduction(r=.206, p=.004) but a negative correlation between nursing work environment and reduction(r=-.431, p<.001). The most influential factor on the reduction was nursing satisfaction(${\beta}=-.302$), followed by work environment(${\beta}=-.294$), age(${\beta}=.286$), duty style(${\beta}=-.17$), and end of life care stress(${\beta}=.164$). The overall explanatory power was 41.2%.These results suggest that in order to minimize the reduction of nurses in geriatric hospitals, the provision of a supportive work environment which enhances their pride and responsibility as a nurse and offers incentives is required with effective distribution of duties, development of the end of life nursing education and administrative tools for reducing their stress.

A Study on Work Environment and Job Satisfaction of Dental Hygienists in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do (대구.경북 치과위생사의 근무환경과 직무만족에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Young-Sun;Park, Hyun-Suk
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.600-606
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate work environment and job satisfaction of dental hygienists. The survey had collected 373 dental hygienists in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do areas. The results were as follow; 1. The overall average of job satisfaction was 3.30. 2. Differences in the general characteristics and job satisfaction were significantly high with high age, high educational level and high work experience for married people. It was also significantly high when people worked in Gyeongsangbuk-do rather than in Daegu. 3. Differences in work environment and job satisfaction were significantly high in large size of the hospital, patient management and consultation services rather than assistance, monthly salary rather than annular salary, the presence of training opportunity and benefit for long-term worker, and more other vacations and annual vacations. 4. The influence factors of general characteristics on job satisfaction were education, work area and marriage in order ($R^2$=0.092). 5. The influence factors of work environment on job satisfaction were training opportunities, benefit for long-term worker, size of hospital, area of work and incentives in order($R^2$=0.092). From the above results, in order to improve job satisfaction of dental hygienists require a reasonable working environment considering the realistic situation improved.

A Study on the Analysis of Non-competitive factors of Mokpo port and Improvement (목포항 비경쟁 요인 분석 및 개선방안 연구)

  • Park, Gyei-Kark;Choi, Kyoung-Hoon;Lee, Cheong-Hwan
    • Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.113-132
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    • 2018
  • Mokpo port marked the $131^{st}$ anniversary of its opening in 2018. while the Mokpo has taken the new port development initiatives, it is limited by inefficient port functioning due to the lack of maritime port policy and government investment. Hence, port logistics has not been activated. Additionally, studies on Mokpo port have not been conducted, and knowledge available on the port is declarative in nature. On the other hand, research on port competitiveness focuses on how to analyze the factors that determine port competitiveness. Therefore, this study was intended to expand the existing research on Mokpo port and conduct an analysis of non-competitiveness factors and suggested improvements by considering the operational aspect of Mokpo port. In this regard the importance of non-competitiveness factors was assessed through an analytic hierarchy process(AHP) analysis and the influence of the non-competitiveness factors was analyzed through an fuzzy structural modeling(FSM) analysis. The result of the AHP analysis show ed the important non-competitiveness factors included the deactivation of industrial complexes around Mokpo port, the number of liner route, the cost of the pilot and tug. Accor ding to the FSM analysis, the top level included the non-competitive factors at Mokpo port; the intermediate level included the number of liner routes, cost of pilot and tug, enrance and clearance fee, costs of inland transportation, fee for port facilities, and loading and unloading costs; and the bottom level comprised the most non-competitive factors including the deactivation of industrial complexes around Mokpo port, hinterland connectivity, access to international port, incentives, and cost of transportation and storage. Based on the results of analysis, improvements were suggested for non-competitive factors of Mokpo.

A Study on Determinants of Financial Soundness of Savings Banks (저축은행 재무건전성 결정요인에 대한 연구)

  • Bae, Soo Hyun
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.277-282
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    • 2019
  • This study analyzed the determinants of the financial Soundness of savings banks. In particular, empirical analysis was carried out on how the loan deposit ratio correlates with financial soundness after restructuring. As the restructuring of savings banks was finalized in 2014, asset management changed and it is time to analyze the financial characteristics of savings banks. In summary, the relationship between the savings bank lending rate and the NPL ratio is estimated to have a negative value at the 1% significance level. In other words, the higher the mortgage rate, the lower the substandard and below ratio. It can be said that it is not easy for a savings bank to build an aggressive loan portfolio. In other words, the more difficult it is to finance loans through savings deposits, the more likely the risk aversion tends to be. The higher the corporate loan ratio, average interest expense, and economic growth rate, the higher the risk index. The larger the asset size and the higher the loan growth rate, the lower the risk index. Increasing the mortgage rate may reduce risk-seeking behavior, but it does not mean that it is unconditionally positive for savings banks. Therefore, the loan deposit rate regulation should reduce the incentives for excessive asset expansion and manage preemptive soundness through lending portfolio management.

Evaluation Factor and Enhancement of Gwangyang International Port's Competitiveness (광양항의 경쟁력 평가요인과 강화전략)

  • Jeong, Bonghyun
    • Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.119-142
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    • 2014
  • This study aims to evaluate the factors which affect the competitiveness of Gwangyang port, and to suggest strategies for the enhancement of its competitiveness by priority. This study inquires both 5 key rating factors: port location, port operations management, port costs, port facilities, and hinterland conditions and the priority of 14 detailed assessments through AHP method. First, the importances of main evaluation items for port competitiveness are analysed in the following orders: port location, port facilities, port costs, port operations, hinterland conditions. Second, the comprehensive importances based on the detailed evaluation properties complex weighting are identified in the following orders: connectivity with hinterland, accessibility of international harbor, incentives, the area of terminal, expertise and skills of port operations personnel, container throughput, and scale berths. Third, the strategies referring to the port location like centrality, transit, and merit on use should be actively conducted for the promotions of Gwangyang port's competitiveness, according to its international port competitiveness analysis. This study will provide both academic and policy implications with its related scholars, government, and research institutions. In addition, this will be contributed to formulating a basic theory for port competitiveness evaluation and providing a basic framework of evaluation analysis.