• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.53-65
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• 2005

This paper presented a mechanism of the soil structure reinforced by geosynthetics, in which the reinforcing mechanism is treated as the effect arising from the reinforcement process to prevent the dilative deformation of soil under shearing. A full-scale in-situ model test was carried out by introducing the prestress method to enhance the geosynthetic-reinforcement, and the prestress effect through the FEM is also examined. The elasto-plastic model and the initial parameters needed in the FEM are presented. Moreover, the theoretical prediction is compared with the experimental results, which were obtained by a full-scale in-situ model test.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.21-33
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• 2005

This paper presented a mechanism of the soil structure reinforced by geosynthetics, in which the reinforcing mechanism is treated as the effect arising from the reinforcement process to prevent the dilative deformation of soil under shearing. A full-scale in-situ model test was carried out by introducing the prestress method to enhance the geosynthetic-reinforcement, and the prestress effect through the FEM is also examined. The elasto-plastic model and the initial parameters needed in the FEM are presented. Moreover, the theoretical prediction is compared with the experimental results, which were obtained by a full-scale in-situ model test.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.1159-1166
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• 2005

In the present study, a series of laboratory tests with sands of different silt contents, are conducted and methods to assess non-linear behaviors based on in-situ test results are proposed. Modified hyperbolic stress-strain model is used to analyze non-linearity of silty sands in terms of non-linear degradation parameters f and g as a function of silt contents and relative density $D_R$. Stress-strain relationship results were obtained from a series of triaxial tests on sands containing different amounts of silt. Initial shear modulus which was applied to normalize modulus degradation of silty sands were determined based on the resonant column test results. From the laboratory test results, it was observed that, as the relative density increases, values of f decrease and those of g increase. Cone resistance $q_c$ for silty soil condition used in the triaxial tests were estimated based on the cavity expansion analysis. A suggestion to make an estimation of degradation parameters f and g as a function of fine contents is addressed in terms of cone resistance $q_c$ .

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.295-303
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• 2004

For the deep underground excavation site with the geological complexity of soft seam and hard rock, the numerical analysis and in-situ measurement on the behaviors of roadway and surrounding rock according to stepwise excavation of the steep soft seam are carried out. The strata behavior is modeled using elasto-plastic FEM considering the empirical failure criteria of Hoek ＆ Brown and the strain-softening model. Hydraulic pressure capsule, MPBX and tape extensometer are installed around the roadway for the in-situ measurement of rock stress and deformation. Despite the complexity of geology and excavation procedure, the elasto-plastic analysis considering the empirical failure criteria of Hoek ＆ Brown and the strain-softening model shows good agreement with the in-situ measurement. Comparison of numerical modeling with in-situ measurement enables to predict the behaviors of the roadway and to obtain design parameters for the excavation and support at depth.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.83-97
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• 2024

It is important to make reasonable prediction about the long-term deformation of high rockfill geostructures. However, the deformation is usually underestimated using the rockfill parameters obtained from laboratory tests due to different size effects, which make it necessary to identify parameters from in-situ monitoring data. This paper proposes a novel hybrid back-analysis method with a modified objective function defined for the time-dependent back-analysis problem. The method consists of two stages. In the first stage, an improved weighted average method is proposed to quickly narrow the search region; while in the second stage, an adaptive response surface method is proposed to iteratively search for the satisfactory solution, with a technique that can adaptively consider the translation, contraction or expansion of the exploration region. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed hybrid back-analysis method is demonstrated by back-analyzing the long-term deformation of two high embankments constructed for airport runways, with the rockfills being modeled by a rheological model considering the influence of stress states on the creep behavior.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.192-202
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• 2013

The domestic demand of natural gas has increased continuously due to the sudden rise of oil price and regulations on greenhouse gas to global warming. In order to improve the supply security of natural gas market in Korea, the agreement on supply of pipeline natural gas (PNG) in Russia was signed between Gazprom and Korea Gas Corporation in 2008. If the supply plan of Russian natural gas is realized, underground storage facilities would be required in order to balance supply and demand of natural gas because the gas demand is concentrated in the winter. This study investigated the safety of the storage facility in quantitative way considering several design parameters such as gas pressure, depth of the storage cavern, rock condition and in-situ horizontal stress ratio. Two dimensional stress analyses were conducted using axi- symmetry condition to examine the behavior of cavern depending upon suggested design parameters. Results showed that the factor of safety, defined as the ratio of 'shear strength'/'shear stress', was largely affected by the depth, rock class and gas pressure but was insensitive to the coefficient of lateral pressure(Ko).

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.209-222
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• 1996

Shut-in pressure, reopenting pressure and fracture orientation are very important parameters to be evaluated precisely in in-situ stress measurement by hydraulic fracturing. Graphical methods on pressure-time curves have been conventionally used, even though these are seriously dependent on subjectivity of interpreters. So there have been many demands on new method to objectivity in determining parameters. We have developed integrated hydrofracturing data processing program (HYDFRAC), based on nonlinear regression analysis and can be invoked under the Window graphical user interface. HYDFRAC consiste of three routines, that is shut-in pressure routine, reopening pressure routine, and fracture delineation routine. Each of routines include independent modules according to parameter determination methods. Its application to field tests ensured both objectivity and facility in determining of hydraulic fracturing parameters. Determining shut-in pressures at each pressurization cycles, we adopted the exponential pressure-decay method(EPD method), the bilinear pressure-decay-rate method (PDR method), and the tangent intersection method in order to find the pressurization-cyclic tendency of shut-in pressures. The estimated pressure by PDR method exists in the range of the upper and lower values by EPD method, and lies near to the upper value more than the lower. Being the pressurization cycle increased, the range of upper and lower limits come to be stabilized gradually. By graphical superposition method and bilinear pressure-accumulated volume method, reopening pressures were determined. Vertical and inclined fracture attitudes were determined by applying the directional statistics and sinusoidal curve fitting, respectively. The results of evaluation of hydrofracturing parameters showed that statistical methods could enhance the objectivity better than graphical methods.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.4 s.179
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• pp.451-471
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• 2006

Major projects and research topics in the field of rock mechanics are analyzed to obtain the following results: $\cdot$ Rock mechanics deals with the behavior of deformation, failure and displacement of the rock and rock mass on the basis of geological basics. Discontinuities in the rock mass are the most important parameters to control the behavior of rock mass around underground openings. $\cdot$ The objective of site investigation and testing is to determine the strength properties of the rock mass and the in situ stress regime. Specimens for laboratory and in situ tests are to be selected in order that the results of the tests give the representative properties oi the rock mass of the site in question. $\cdot$ The result of a numerical model would be better evaluated not quantitatively but qualitatively. The displacement behavior of the rock mass has to be monitored properly for the NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method) principles. $\cdot$ The stability of rock slope is to be evaluated preferably by back analysis with strength parameters, such as cohesion and friction angle.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.83-114
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• 1998

The most widely accepted method for understanding the deformation mechanism of rock is from the use of computer simulation. However, if the changes in rock properties after excavation are significant this will prevent the computer simulation kent predicting the deformation with acceptable accuracy. If the deformations are, however, carefully measured in situ, the resulting data can be more useful far predicting the deformational behavior of underground openings, since the effect of the parameters which influence the deformational behavior are included in the measurement. In this study, extensive data analyses were carried out using the deformation measurements from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP), which is a permanent nuclear waste repository The results from computer simulations were compared with field measurements to evaluate the assumptions used in the computer simulations, For better description of the deformational behavior around underground excavations, several techniques were developed, namely: (a) the calculation of the zero strain boundary; (b) the evaluation of the influence of adjacent excavations on the deformational behavior of pre-excavated openings; (c) the description of the deformational behavior using in situ measurements; (d) the calculation of the shear stress distribution; and (e) the application of a Neural Network for the prediction of opening deformation.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.23 no.A
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• pp.69-81
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• 2003

Numerical analysis is important for the design, construction and maintenance of large caverns. The rock mass contains generally discontinuities such as faults, joints and fissures. The mechanical behavior and geometric characteristics of these discontinuities would have a significant impact on the stability of the caverns. In this research the Distinct Element Method(DEM) was used to analyze the structural stability of the large cavern. The Barton-Bandis Joint Model (B-B J.M) was used as a constitutive model for the joint. In addition, two different cases 1) analysis with a support system and 2) analysis with no support system, were analyzed to optimize a support system and to investigate reinforcing effects of a support system. The most significant parameters of in-situ stress, JRC of in-situ natural joints, and spatial distribution characteristics of discontinuities were acquired through field investigation. Displacement (horizontal, joint shear), maximum joint opening, maximum and minimum principal stresses, range of relaxed zone, rockbolt axial forces and shotcrete stresses were calculated at each excavation stage. As a result of analysis the calculated values proved to be under the allowable value Rockbolts also proved to be an efficient support measure to control joint shear displacement which had significant effects on extending the relaxed zone. As a consequence, the structural stability of the cavern was assured with an appropriate support system.