• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.5-20
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• 2013

Constraint Induced Movement Therapy(CIMT) is intense in that patient's unaffected arm is restrained for 90% of waking hours during a two-week period while they also participate in activity sessions using the affected arm for 6 hours/day. However CIMT showed that an issue for applying it to clinics of patients with stroke, and then modified constraint induced movement therapy(mCIMT) was designed to minimize the issue. Application on mCIMT for the patients has been studied in various ways. As a result, it has proved the effect on functional improvement of patients with stroke through methods such as MAL, FMA, WMFT, ARAT, FIM, SIS and so forth. It's considered that modified constraint induced movement therapy can be useful applied on clinical experiments of occupational therapy, as it is a way of treatment of upper extremity function, activities of daily living and an improvement of the quality of life for stroke patients.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.791-818
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• 2015

RC buildings constitute the prevailing type of construction in earthquake-prone region like Kathmandu Valley. Most of these building constructions were based on conventional methods. In this context, the present paper studied the seismic behaviour of existing RC buildings in Kathmandu Valley. For this, four representative building structures with different design and construction, namely a building: (a) representing the non-engineered construction (RC1 and RC2) and (b) engineered construction (RC3 and RC4) has been selected for analysis. The dynamic properties of the case study building models are analyzed and the corresponding interaction with seismic action is studied by means of non-linear analyses. The structural response measures such as capacity curve, inter-storey drift and the effect of geometric non-linearities are evaluated for the two orthogonal directions. The effect of plan and vertical irregularity on the performance of the structures was studied by comparing the results of two engineered buildings. This was achieved through non-linear dynamic analysis with a synthetic earthquake subjected to X, Y and $45^{\circ}$ loading directions. The nature of the capacity curve represents the strong impact of the P-delta effect, leading to a reduction of the global lateral stiffness and reducing the strength of the structure. The non-engineered structures experience inter-storey drift demands higher than the engineered building models. Moreover, these buildings have very low lateral resistant, lesser the stiffness and limited ductility. Finally, a seismic safety assessment is performed based on the proposed drift limits. Result indicates that most of the existing buildings in Nepal exhibit inadequate seismic performance.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating effect of social supports on the relationship between grief level and suicidal ideation of the elderly living alone. Methods: We analyzed data from a questionnaire administered to subjects aged 65 years or older living alone for a 2017 community mental health project in Gyeongnam S city. To investigate the moderating effects of variables, we conducted a hierarchial regression analysis and confirmed the change $R^2$. Results: When adjusted for education and economic level, grief level had not a direct impact on suicidal ideation. And it was found that interdependent social support was moderating variables in the relationship of grief level and suicidal ideation of the elderly living alone. Conclusions: There is a need for appropriate programs that reduce suicidal ideation and therefore suicidal action. Moreover, it is especially necessary to enhance interdependent social supports.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect on improving communication by conducting a tea culture convergence program for elderly people using facilities. The subjects of this study consisted of a tea culture convergence program for 3 months, 60 minutes once a week for 7 people using the Elderly Day Care Center in the H-S S welfare center. Psychological and behavioral changes related to communication by sessions were compared by comparing elderly patients at each session of the Tea Culture Convergence Program.Tea culture convergence program was found to have a positive effect on behaviors and attitudes related to communication among the elderly in the facilities. As a result of analyzing pre- and post-action and attitudes, the Tea Culture Convergence Program brought positive changes in communication by acting as emotional and social support for the elderly. These findings suggest that the Tea Culture Convergence Program is a psychologically necessary program for the elderly in that it shows that the Tea Culture Convergence Program is an effective program that promotes communication among the elderly in the facilities.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.71-91
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• 2008

The definition of cycle time is the time from the wafer start to the wafer output. It usually takes one or two months to get the product since customer decides to produce it. The cycle time is a critical factor for customer satisfaction because it represents the response time to the market. Long cycle time reflects the ineffective investment for the capital. The cycle time is very important for foundry because long cycle time will cause customer unsatisfied and the order loss. Consequently, all of the foundries put lots of human source in the cycle time improvement. Usually, we make decisions based on the experience in the cycle time management. We have no mechanism or theory for cycle time management. We do work-in-process (WIP) management based on turn rate and standard WIP (STD WIP) set by experiences. But the experience didn't mean the optimal solution, when the situation changed, the cycle time or the standard WIP will also be changed. The experience will not always be applicable. If we only have the experience and no mechanism, management will not be work out. After interview several foundry fab managers, all of the fab can't reflect the situation. That is, all of them will have an impact period after product mix or utilization varied. In this study, we want to develop a formula for standard WIP and use statistical process control (SPC) concept to set WIP upper/lower limit level. When WIP exceed the limit level, it will trigger action plans to compensate WIP Profile. If WIP Profile balances, we don't need too much WIP. So WIP level could be reduced and cycle time also could be reduced.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.99-106
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• 2004

Pollution reduction and/or control technology becomes one of the pressing post-semiconductor research field to lead an advanced industrial structure. Soil/groundwater remediation techniques may act as a core technology which will create many demands on pollution reduction areas. A plenty numbers of abandoned metal mines were left without any remediation action in Korea, and it may be potential sources of heavy metal and As contamination in the ecosystem. In order to bring this soil contamination to a settlement, the emerging soil/groundwater remediation techniques should be introduced. Main research topics in the United States and Europe move towards the clean remediation technology without any secondary impact and the feasible application of developing technique into the field scale study. With these advantages, several soil/groundwater techniques such as electrokinetic soil processing, permeable reactive barrier, stabilization/solidification, biosorption, soil flushing with biosurfactant, bioleaching and phytoremediation will be summarized in this paper.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.163-184
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• 2011

This study was conducted in order to inquire into the impact of children's self-concept construction and ego-development enhancement during Group Sandplay Therapy. The Group Sandplay Therapy sessions were held once week, for a total of 20 weeks. The Group Sandplay Therapy Process consisted of playing with sand and creating a sand tray in groups. There were two group in total. Each group had 4 children of the same sex aged from six to seven years old. In order to study the self-concept and ego-development, we used a self-concept test and ego-development as a research tool. In addition, the present research analyzed any changes which tool place by dividing each aspect in each sand tray of the therapy process into a positive subject and a negative subject, and analyzed the changing patterns seen in the sand tray worldas it unfolded. It was proven that an efficient treatment in changing the sand tray world and children's action, had an effect on rearranging the children's mental schemas. In terms of the progress of the sandplay journey, it was seen that negative elements decreased dramatically and positive elements were observed to have increased. As a result it was confirmed that Group Sandplay Therapy had a number of positive effects in the construction of children's self-concept and in terms of the enhancement of children ego-development.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.65-77
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• 2005

Present article reviews about clinical pharmacology of mycophenolic acid (MPA), the active form of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), as widely used component of immunosuppressive regimens in the organ transplantation field. MMF, used alone or concomitantly with cyclosporine or tacrolimus, has approved in reducing the incidence of acute rejection and has gained widespread use in solid organ such as kidney, heart and liver transplantation. The application of MPA and development of MMF has shown a considerable impact on immunosuppressive therapy for organ transplantation as a new immunosuppressive agent with different mechanism of action from other drugs after early 1990s. In particular aspect, use of MMF, a morpholinoethyl ester of MPA, represented a significant advance in the prevention of organ allograft rejection as well as allograft and patient survival. In considering MMF clinical data, it is important to note that there is a strong correlation between high MPA area under curve(AUC) values and a low probability of acute allograft rejection. Individual trials have shown that MMF is generally well tolerated and revealed that MMF decreased the relative risk of developing chronic allograft rejection compared with azathioprine. Recent clinical investigations suggested that improved effectiveness and tolerability will results from the incorporation of MPA therapeutic drug monitoring into routine clinical practice, providing effective MMF dose individualization in renal and heart transplant patients. Therefore, MMF has a selective immunosuppressive effect with minimal toxicity and has shown to be more effective that other agents as next step of immunosuppressive agents and regimens that deliver effective graft protection and immunosuppression along with a more favorable side effect.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.8.1-8.17
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• 2017

Growth promoters have been widely used as a strategy to improve productivity, and great benefits have been observed throughout the meat production chain. However, the prohibition of growth promoters in several countries, as well as consumer rejection, has led industry and the academy to search for alternatives. For decades, the inclusion of phytochemicals in animal feed has been proposed as a replacement for traditional growth promoters. However, there are many concerns about the application of phytochemicals and their impact on the various links in the meat production chain (productive performance, carcass and meat quality). Therefore, the effects of these feed additives are reviewed in this article, along with their potential safety and consumer benefits, to understand the current state of their use. In summary, the replacement of traditional growth promoters in experiments with broilers yielded benefits in all aspects of the meat production chain, such as improvements in productive performance and carcass and meat quality. Although the effects in pigs have been similar to those observed in broilers, fewer studies have been carried out in pigs, and there is a need to define the types of phytochemicals to be used and the appropriate stages for adding such compounds. In regard to ruminant diets, few studies have been conducted, and their results have been inconclusive. Therefore, it is necessary to propose more in vivo studies to determine other strategies for phytochemical inclusion in the production phases and to select the appropriate types of compounds. It is also necessary to define the variables that will best elucidate the mechanism(s) of action that will enable the future replacement of synthetic growth promoters with phytochemical feed additives.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2018

To prepare the integrated safety management system 'e-navigation', research is being conducted on the route exchange for sharing intended routes between ship and ship, and between ship and land. But they don't have enough specific grounds for the effects of route exchange and the necessity of its introduction and focus on technical aspects like the implementation of route exchange. This study tried to quantitatively analyze the effects of route exchange on sailing safety with the use of ship handling simulation, integrate simulation performers' subjective evaluations, and investigate the effects of route exchange. The ship-to-ship route exchange resulted in the initial collision avoidance action time was 3.43 minutes faster, the collision avoidance direction change rate was 60 %, the proximity to target A was 31 %, and Mean Rudder Angle Index decreased by 57 %. In addition, 95 % of the survey respondents had an effect on the decision making of collision avoidance, 85 % had a positive impact on safety navigation, 90 % had an accident prevention effect, 70 % reduced the psychological burden of officers, and 70 % should be introduced in practice.