• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1452-1457
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• 2004

In this paper, a method of measuring the length of defects on the wall and restructuring the defect image is proposed based on the estimation algorithm of a camera orientation which uses the declination angle of a laser slit beam. The estimation algorithm of the horizontally inclined angle of CCD camera adopts a 3-dimensional coordinate transformation of the image plane where both the laser beam and the original image of the defects exist. The estimation equation is obtained by using the information of the beam projected on the wall and the parameters of this equation are experimentally obtained. With this algorithm, the original image of the defect can be reconstructed to an image normal to the wall. From the result of a series of experiments, the measuring accuracy of the defect is measured within 0.5% error bound of real defect size under 30 degree of the horizontally inclined angle. The proposed algorithm provides the method of reconstructing the image taken at any arbitrary horizontally inclined angle to the image normal to the wall and thus, it enables the accurate measurement of the defect lengths only by using a single camera and a laser slit beam.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2002

A method of measuring the length of defects on the wall and restructuring the defect image is proposed based on the estimation algorithm of a camera orientation, which uses the declination angle of a laser slit beam. The estimation algorithm of the horizontally inclined angle of CCD camera adopts a 3-dimensional coordinate transformation of the image plane where both the laser beam and the original image of the defects exist. The estimation equation is obtained by using the information of the beam projected on the wall and the parameters of this equation are experimentally obtained. With this algorithm, the original image of the defect can be reconstructed as an image normal to the wall. From the result of a series of experiments, the measuring accuracy of the defect is measured within 0.5% error bound of real defect size under 30 degree of the horizontally inclined angle. The proposed algorithm provides the method of reconstructing the image taken at any arbitrary horizontally inclined angle as the image normal as the wall and thus, it enables the accurate measurement of the defect lengths by using a single camera and a laser slit beam.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a robust pre-processing module for camera-based Optical Music Score Recognition (OMR) on mobile device. The captured images likely suffer for recognition from many distortions such as illumination, blur, low resolution, etc. Especially, the complex background music sheets recognition are difficult. Through any symbol recognition system, the staff line height and staff line space are used many times and have a big impact on recognition module. A robust and accurate staff line height and staff line space are essential. Some staff line height and staff line space are proposed for binary image. But in case of complex background music sheet image, the binarization results from common binarization algorithm are not satisfactory. It can cause incorrect staff line height and staff line space estimation. We propose a robust staff line height and staff line space estimation by using run-length encoding technique on edge image. Proposed method is composed of two steps, first step, we conducted the staff line height and staff line space estimation based on edge image using by Sobel operator on image blocks. Each column of edge image is encoded by run-length encoding algorithm Second step, we detect the staff line using by Stable Path algorithm and removal the staff line using by adaptive Line Track Height algorithm which is to track the staff lines positions. The result has shown that robust and accurate estimation is possible even in complex background cases.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2010

Existing methods for the registration of blurred images are efficient for the artificially blurred images or a planar registration, but not suitable for the naturally blurred images existing in the real image mosaic process. In this paper, we attempt to resolve this problem and propose a method for a distortion-free stitching of naturally blurred images for image mosaic. It adopts a multi-resolution and robust feature based inter-layer mosaic together. In each layer, Harris corner detector is chosen to effectively detect features and RANSAC is used to find reliable matches for further calibration as well as an initial homography as the initial motion of next layer. Simplex and subspace trust region methods are used consequently to estimate the stable focal length and rotation matrix through the transformation property of feature matches. In order to stitch multiple images together, an iterative registration strategy is also adopted to estimate the focal length of each image. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2009

We compared two nondestructive methods for leaf area estimation using leaves of 16 common plant species classified into six types depending on leaf shape. Relatively good linear relationships between actual leaf area (LA) and leaf length (L), width (W), or the product of length and width (LW) were found for ordinary leaves with lanceolate, oblanceolate, linear and sagitttate shapes with entire margins, serrate margins, mixed margins with a entire form and shallow lobes, and ordinary incised margins. LA was better correlated with LW than L or W, with $R^2$ > 0.91. However, for deeply incised lobes, LA estimation using LW showed low correlation coefficient values, indicating low accuracy. On the other hand, a method using photographic paper showed a good correlation between estimates of area based on the mass of a cut-out leaf image on a photographic sheet (PW) and actual leaf area for all types of leaf shape. Thus, the PW method for LA estimation can be applied to all shapes of leaf with high accuracy. The PW method takes a little more time and has a higher cost than leaf estimation methods using LW based on leaf dimensions. These results indicate that researchers should choose their nondestructive LA estimation method according to their research goals.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.560-567
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• 2016

To solve the problem of parameter optimization in image sensor-based visible light positioning systems, theoretical limits for both the location and the azimuth angle of the image sensor receiver (ISR) are calculated. In the case of a typical indoor scenario, maximum likelihood estimations for both the location and the azimuth angle of the ISR are first deduced. The Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) is then derived, under the condition that the observation values of the image points are affected by white Gaussian noise. For typical parameters of LEDs and image sensors, simulation results show that accurate estimates for both the location and azimuth angle can be achieved, with positioning errors usually on the order of centimeters and azimuth angle errors being less than $1^{\circ}$. The estimation accuracy depends on the focal length of the lens and on the pixel size and frame rate of the ISR, as well as on the number of transmitters used.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.286-295
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• 2000

We present a novel statistically adaptive method using the Minimum Description Length(MDL) principle for unsupervised segmentation of magnetic resonance(MR) images. In the method, Markov random filed(MRF) modeling of tissue region accounts for random noise. Intensity measurements on the local region defined by a window are modeled by a finite Gaussian mixture, which accounts for image inhomogeneities. The segmentation algorithm is based on an iterative conditional modes(ICM) algorithm, approximately finds maximum ${\alpha}$ posteriori(MAP) estimation, and estimates model parameters on the local region. The size of the window for parameter estimation and segmentation is estimated from the image using the MDL principle. In the experiments, the technique well reflected image characteristic of the local region and showed better results than conventional methods in segmentation of MR images with inhomogeneities, especially.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.271-277
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• 2024

Human dentition is unique to individuals and helps in identification of individuals in forensic odontology. This study proposes to study the manually ground sections of single rooted teeth using digital methods for dental age estimation. To assess the dentinal translucency from the scanned digital images of manually ground section of teeth using commercially available image edition software. Corroborating the root dentinal translucency length and region of interest (ROI) of translucency zone in pixels (as a marker of dental age) with the chronological age of the subject, as stratified by different age groups. Twenty single-rooted extracted teeth from 20 patients each from 6 groups divided as per age. Manual sectioning of the teeth followed by scanning the sections was done. Root area in pixels and ROI of translucency zone were measured. From the observed values, translucency length percentage (TLP) and percentage of ROI in pixels (TPP) was calculated and tabulated. Pearson's correlation coefficients were obtained for age with TLP and TPP. Positive correlation existed between age and TLP and also between age and TPP. With the obtained data, multilinear regression equations for specific age groups based on 10-year intervals were derived. By a step-down analysis method, age was estimated with an average error of around ±7.9 years. This study gives a novel method for age-estimation that can be applied in real-time forensic sciences.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.91-96
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• 2014

The behavior of walking involves our action of seeing things. It is the intention of this research that the cognitive process of perceiving things along the path can affect the way we sense the length of the journey. The theory generally accepted in this line of thought is the 'feature accumulation theory'. It assumes that if the journey includes many objects or memorable features, then our memory recalls that journey much farther than it really was. This study set up a real-life experiment by asking university students about their mental memory of the two different routes in the campus. One is a longer path that has not much to look at except trees and the other a shorter path yet with many buildings, sign boards and street furnitures. The subjects processed their mental image in the brain based on their experience. They showed a strong tendency that the path with more features were remembered longer while that with less features shorter. More interestingly, it was found that as their experience increases, they become more accurate about the exact length of the questioned paths. The result corroborates the theory that human perception of space is based on the topological understanding of surroundings rather than geometric understanding.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 2024

In this paper, we propose a volume measurement method for an object based on depth image. The object volume is measured by calculating the object height and width in actual units through the depth image. The object area is detected through differences between the captured and background depth images. The volume of the 2×2 pixel area, formed by four adjacent pixels using the depth information associated with each pixel, is measured. The object volume is measured as the sum of the volumes for whole 2×2 areas in the object area. In simulation results, the average measurement error for the object volume is 2.1% when the distance from the camera is 60cm.