• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

In order to investigate genetic stability and gene expression profile after cloning procedure, two groups of cloned pigs were used for swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) gene nucleotide alteration and microarray analyses. Each group was consist of cloned pigs derived from same cell line (n=3 and 4, respectively). Six SLA loci were analyzed for cDNA sequences and protein translations. In total, 16 SLA alleles were identified and there were no evidence of SLA nucleotide alteration. All SLA sequences and protein translations were identical among the each pig in the same group. On the other hand, microarray assay was performed for profiling gene expression of the cloned pigs. In total, 43,603 genes were analyzed and 2,150~4,300 reliably hybridized spots on the each chip were selected for further analysis. Even though the cloned pigs in the same group had identical genetic background, 18.6~47.3% of analyzed genes were differentially expressed in between each cloned pigs. Furthermore, on gene clustering analysis, some cloned pigs showed abnormal physiological phenotypes such as inflammation, cancer or cardiomyopathy. We assumed that individual environmental adaption, sociality and rank in the pen might have induced these different phenotypes. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that SLA locus genes appear to be stable following SCNT. However, gene expressions and phenotypes between cloned pigs derived from the same cell line were not identical even under the same rearing conditions.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.285-295
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• 2002

In this study, several types of gravimetric methods (such as high, medium, low, and ultra low volume sampling methods) were applied to determine suspended particulate matter concentrations in both ambient and indoor environments. Comparative evaluations were undertaken with SPM data obtained using a variety of samplers (TSP, PM10, and PM4.0) at different sampling flow rates. Correlation coefficients between TSP and PM10 concentrations measured at different flow rates fell in the range of 0.73∼0.94 (n=40). In addition, correlation coefficients for PM concentrations measured by different TSP samplers were in the range of 0.90∼0.95 (n=36 or n=38), while 0.77∼0.91 (n=38) for PM10 samplers. Correlation analysis was also conducted on indoor monitoring data that were measured using ultra-low-volume samplers at both different or identical flow rates. The correlation coefficients were in the range of 0.98∼0.99 (n=38) between TSP and TSP and 0.92∼0.94 (n=38) between TSP and PM10. The mean ratio for high volume PM10 to TSP concentration that was monitored at identical flow rates in the ambient air appeared to be 0.72. The mean ratios of PM10 to TSP and PM4.0 to TSP observed with identical flow rates at indoor environments were 0.47 and 0.40. The results of this study may provide empirical information concerning the compatability of aerosol data obtained by gravimetric sampling methods at different flow rates.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.252-258
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• 2018

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the repeatability and matching accuracy between two identical intraoral spectrophotometers. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The maxillary right central incisor, canine, and mandibular left central incisor of each of 30 patients were measured using 2 identical intraoral spectrophotometers with different serial numbers (EasyShade V). The color of each shade tab from 3 shade guides (VITA 3D-Master) was also determined with both devices. All measurements were performed by a single operator. Statistical analyses were performed to verify the repeatability, accuracy, and the differences between the devices with paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. A high level of measurement repeatability (ICC>0.90) among $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ color components was observed within and between devices (P<.001). Intra-device matching agreement rates were 80.00% and 81.11%, respectively, while inter-device matching agreement rate was 51.85%. ANOVA revealed no significant different color values within each device, while paired t-test provided significant different color values between both devices. The CIEDE2000 color differences between both devices were $2.28{\pm}1.61$ ${\Delta}E_{00}$ for in-vivo readings. Regarding the clinical matching accuracy of both devices, ${\Delta}E_{00}$ values between teeth and matching shade tabs were $3.05{\pm}1.19$ and $2.86{\pm}1.02$, respectively. CONCLUSION. Although two EasyShade V devices with different serial numbers show high repeatability of CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ measurements, they could provide different color values and shade for the same tooth.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.2317-2328
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• 1997

The objective of this paper is to develop an algorithm for a real-time automatic fingerprint recognition system. The algorithm employs the wavelet transform(WT) and the dominat local orientation that derived from the gradient Gaussian(GoG) and coherence in determining the directions of ridges in fingerprint images. By using the WT, the algorithm does not require conventional preprocessing procedures such as smothing, binarization, thining and restoration. For recognition, two fingerprint images are compared in three different ST domains;one that represents the original image compressed to quarter(LL), another that shows vertical directional characteristic(LH), and third as the block that contains horizontal direction(HL) in WT domain. Each block has dominat local orientation that derived from the GoG and coherence. The proposed algorithm is imprlemented on a SunSparc-2 workstation under X-window environment. Our simulation results, in real-time have shown that while the rate of Type II error-Incorrect recognition of two identical fingerprints as the identical fingerprints-is held at 0%, the rate of Type I error-Incorrect recognitionof two identical fingerprints as the different ones-is 2.5%.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.639-646
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• 2012

To analyzed the shape of Yellow Dots which appeared on the paper printed HP color laser printer, and analyzed the characteristic of Yellow Dots according to time, month, year and same printers. As a result, documents that printed in same printers had an identical Yellow Dots's shapes according to time, month, year. It was presupposed that was not embedded time and date information in HP Color LaserJet printers against Xerox, and printers which have different serial number had similar shapes but it was not identical Yellow Dots. Finally, it was found to be identical patterns in Yellow Dots of HP Color LaserJet printers used analysis. Depending on the results, it could understand HP's pattern. In the future, it will decipher patterns of Yellow Dots which have other informations to include other printer manufacturer.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.883-898
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine that high school students recognize mathematical situation when they are requested for changing identical mathematics situations into different situations. The results of the study are followings. First, percentage of correct answers to the questions of turning equal mathematical situation into function is higher than the one of turning equal mathematical situation into equation and inequality. As a result of individual interview for comprehensibility of the students on these relations, it is found that if degree goes up and there is different expressions of questionaries although mathematical situation is identical, it affects comprehensibility of the subjects. Second, we found that they cannot understand identical mathematics situations because they have trouble in drawing graph or applying to get the answer while many students understand a point of intersection on the graph as a correct answer. Third, As a result of individual interview for comprehensibility of the students on relation between equation, inequality and function, we found that students manage to get correct answer even without perfect comprehensibility on this relation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2012

Background: Patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in intensive care unit (ICU) have a high mortality rate. The routine surveillance cultures obtained previously or an ATS guideline for hospital-acquired pneumonia was used in selecting initial antimicrobials. The object of this study was to compare the respiratory samples before VAP and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) culture. Methods: 54 patients underwent fiberoptic bronchoscopy to obtain BAL samples. We reviewed microbiologic specimen results of prior respiratory specimens (pre-VAP) and BAL. Results: Among 51 patients with 54 VAP episodes, 52 microorganisms of pre-VAP and 56 BAL samples were isolated. Pre-VAP included 21.2% of MRSA, and 32.6% of multidrug resistant-Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB). BAL samples comprised 25.0% of MRSA, 26.7% of MDR-AB, 14.3% of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and 3.6% of Klebsiella pneumonia in order. In pre-VAP samples compared to BAL samples, only 35.2% were identical. In BAL samples compared to pre-VAP samples obtained in 5 days before the onset of VAP, only 43.6% were identical. However, among BAL samples compared to pre-VAP samples obtained after more than 5 days, 13.3% were identical (p=0.037). Conclusion: Based on these data, pre-VAP samples obtained prior to 5 day onset of VAP may help to predict the causative microorganisms and to select appropriate initial antimicrobials.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1957-1967
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• 1997

Adaptive channel equlization accomplished without resorting to a training sequence is known as blind equalization. In this paper, in order to reduce the speed of the convergence and the steady-state mean squared error simultaneously, we propose the multi-stage RD(radius-directed) algorithm derived from the combination of the constant modulus algorithm and the radius-directed algorithm. In the starting stage, multi-stage RD algorithm are identical to the constant modulus algorithm which guarantees the convergence of the equalizer. As the blind identical to the constant modulus algorithm which guarantees the convergence of the equalizer. As the blind equalizer converges, the number of the level of the quantizers is increased gradually, so that the proposed algorithm operate identical to the radius-directed algorithm which leads to the low error power after the covnergence. Therefore, the multi-stage RD algorithm obtains fast convergence rage and low steady stage mean square error.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.294-299
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• 2012

This paper suggests a modeling technique for shape and volume prediction of fishes to cut them with identical weights for group meals. The measurement and prediction of frozen fishes for group meals are very difficult because they have a bending deformation occurring at frozen stage and a hollow by eliminating the internals. Besides there exist twinkles problem of surface caused by freeze and variable weights by moisture conditions. Therefore a complex estimation algorithm is necessary to predict the shape and volume prediction of fishes exactly. Hollow prediction, pattern classification and modeling for tails using neural network, integration based volume prediction algorithm are suggested and combined to solve those problems. In order to validate the proposed method, the experiments of 3-dimensional measurement, volume prediction and fish cutting for spanish mackerel, saury, and mackerel are executed. The cutting experiments for real fish are executed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.15 no.10 s.89
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• pp.931-937
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• 2004

This study examines the channel capacity of a multiple antenna system based on OFDM(Othogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) when there are correlations among received signals in the frequency selective Rayleigh fading. As for a case that two transmitting and two receiving antennas are used, the channel capacity is derived as a function of correlation in a closed-form and the effect on channel capacity is analyzed when the mean value of the of received signal power is identical/ non-identical between the two receiving antennas. Analytical results show that the channel capacity decreases with the correlation coefficient of the received signals, and the decreasing rate is accelerated when the correlation coefficient of the received signals is greater than 0.7. In addition, the channel capacity reaches its peak when the received mean signal power of each branch is identical.