• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.93-116
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• 2011

This qualitative study focused on the dual earner families' work and family life to explore the possibility of ideal work-family balance. Seven employed married women and two men were interviewed about their work-family balance during two months in 2010. We described four representative cases of having difficulty in work and life balance. And we identified the three dimensions to make their work-family balance difficult. They are motherhood ideology, ideal worker, and the limit of men's housework participation. For ideal work-family balance, we suggested alternatives. First, the companies should make various work-life balance programs and allow their workers to use them actively. Second, the government should support the needs of work-life balance and carry out various family-friendly and child care polices. Third, husbands have to participate the housework much more and the model of 'good' parents need to be modified.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.409-416
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• 2002

This study was conducted to develop a vehicle, leading or following a worker at a certain distance to assist laborious transporting works in greenhouses. A prototype vehicle, which consisted of the rear driving, the front steering and the console units, was designed and tested in the ideal indoor conditions. Results of this study were summarized as following: 1. The driving unit was designed to travel at the speed ranges of 0.3∼0.8 m/sec depending on the operating modes with a maximum payload of 100 kg. 2. The console unit consisted of a main-board including a 80C196KC microprocessor and peripheral devices, a power-board and safety interlock. Worker-leading, and following modes were available in automatic and manual modes. 3. Steering was achieved by turning the steering motor against the sensed direction. Proper steering angles for correcting travel direction were determined as 5 and 9 degrees when sensing cultivation beds and plants, respectively.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제38호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to develop furniture design for work space of Office based on the research of furniture design and the survey on the design of the office furniture. The office furniture Is designed in order to use the space flexibly and for the user design in the work space. The furniture type of solo worker on characteristic kinds of works should have a simple shape and it should be safe and easy to move because it has a structural function. The furniture in office should be designed in consideration of moveing line while working. The development of furniture in office which suit human body should be made in consideration of human factors and the study on furniture design in office. As above mentioned, to research and study on the furniture design of working furniture in office which reduces fatigue resulted from labor for office, human factors aspect should be considered, furthermore psychological, mental approach to Ideal solution should be made.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.12-27
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• 1986

This study examined user preferences toward transportation modes in Seoul. Two multidimensional scaling models, the ideal point and vector models, were applied to data on mode preferences of 114 adults in the metropolitan area. While both models produced fairly similar results, the vector model performed slightly better than the other in terms of interpretability of the results. The transport attributes elicited are comfort, flexibility, travel cost, travel time, privacy, and safety; among which comfort is salient most. The comfort variable is a multi-faceted attribute in nature. The variations of attribute preferences are most significant between the gender groups as well as worker/nonworker groups. In particular, male workers, female workers and female nonworkers form three distinctive market segments. An unidimensional scaling of the preference data reveals that subway, auto-driver, and subscription bus modes are preferred most, whereas motorcycle and bicycle least. The other modes of express bus, taxt, auto-passenger, bus and walk rank intermediately. An examination of how preference orders vary among modal groups hints that users align their stated attitudes to their choice in order to reduce cognitive dissonance.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제68권4호
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• pp.169-198
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• 2016

본 연구는 전문대학생이 체험한 사회복지실습의 상황적 맥락과 의미를 아는데 목적을 둔다. 전문대 학생의 사례를 중심으로 현상학적 방법을 활용해 자유변경(free variation)에 입각한 사회복지실습의 본질을 찾고자 했다. 전문대학 생의 사회복지실습체험의 맥락은 실습지 선정부터 '높은 장벽'을 만났다. 그 속에는 무엇을 해야 하는지 '경계가 모호한 업무와 역할'이 많았다. 실습 일상에서의 '딜레마적 상황'이 실습생에게 혼란을 일으켰다. 관찰과 학습, 참여는 실습생에게 '사회복지(사)에 대한 애상'을 갖게 했고 더 나은 사회복지(사)로의 탈존(ex-ist)에 대해 생각하도록 했다. '다양한 가능태로서의 분주한 장(場)'은 실습생에게 '빈약한 몸이지만 멀티플레이어'로서의 역할을 가능하게 했다. 다양한 공간과 장소 속에서 실습생은 사회복지를 넘어선 자신의 능력과 실체에 대한 '현실 직면의 시간'을 맞는다. 그리고 그 시간은 자신의 과거, 현재, 미래, 타자와의 관계 등을 평가하는 상황 속에서 연계된다. 논의는 네 가지로 구성된다. 첫째, 실습생들은 실습을 통해 사회복지사의 위상과 현실을 확인하였다. 이에 따른 직업정체성의 고민도 수반되었다. 둘째, 실습지의 고유성을 인정하되 실습지도의 체계성을 재고해야 한다. 셋째, 자원봉사의 활성화 등 실습에 대한 이상적 개념과 현실적 상황 간 간극을 좁힐 수 있는 방안이 필요하다. 넷째, 직무와 기능 향상을 초월하는 학교교육의 방향설정이 필요하다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제52권
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• pp.253-275
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• 2018

한국에서 '유토피아'의 개념은 20세기 초반 형성되었다. 유토피아가 문헌에 등장하기 전 "해저여행기담"이나 "철세계"와 같은 근대 초기 번안 소설들에서 발견할 수 있는 '이 세상에는 없지만 좋은' 세계는 과학을 이용해 찾아낼 수 있는 곳, 과학으로 실현할 수 있는 이상적인 곳이었다. 여기에는 과학을 통해 부국강병을 이룩하려는 조선 지식인들의 근대에 대한 희망적인 기대가 담겨 있었다. 진보적 역사관에 기반한 사회주의 운동이 활개를 치던 1920년대 조선의 독서 대중들에게 "유토피아"라는 개념은 사회주의의 전사로서 서구 유럽의 사회개혁 운동의 일환으로 받아들여지게 되었다. 현실 사회주의의 합목적적 과학성을 설명하는 데에 유토피아가 동원되면서 유토피아는 공상적 의미의 이상세계라는 점이 강조되었다. 현실 사회주의가 합목적적인 과학으로 실현된 이상세계라면 유토피아는 과학적 사회주의의 전사로서 실행할 수는 없으나 공상되었던 공산주의의 과거 사례로 규정된 것이다. 한편 "개벽"이 사회주의 사상과 밀접한 연관성을 지닌 유토피아의 사회개혁적 맥락에 집중하여 논의하는 것과 다르게 "동광"은 사적 소유의 철폐를 통해 유토피아를 실현하겠다는 사회주의적 급진론보다는 과학과 예술의 진보, 개인의 개성과 국가 역할의 중요성을 강조하는 점진적 개혁안에 바탕을 둔 근대 문명을 유토피아로 상정하였다. 또한 같은 시기에 과학을 통해 실현될 수 있는 유토피아에 대한 관심은 과학으로 상상하는 미래 세계를 주제로 한 과학소설과 희곡 작품으로도 확장되었다. 웰즈의 "팔십만년 후의 사회"나 박영희가 번역한 "인조노동자" 같은 작품은 바로 유토피아를 꿈꾸는 미래의 과학세계가 사실은 인류가 겪게 될 인간 멸망의 암울한 디스토피아임을 암시하고 있는 작품이지만, 디스토피아적 비전의 원형들은 이상향을 향한 비전의 반대급부로 형성된 것으로서 유토피아의 의지가 내포된 것이라 할 것이다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.179-209
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• 2011

본 연구는 한국보건사회연구원의 "2009년도 전국 결혼 및 출산 동향 조사" 패널자료를 활용하여 20~44세에 이르는 2,678명의 미혼 남녀(남 1,425명, 여 1,253명)가 생각하는 이상적인 일 가정 양립 방안, 성역할 태도 및 저출산 원인에 대한 견해 등을 성별 및 교육정도에 따라 알아보고 이들 사이의 관계를 탐색적으로 분석해 보았다. 이를 통해 향후 저출산 문제 해결을 위해 미혼 남녀들의 일 가정 양립을 어떻게 지원할 것이며, 이 과정에서 미혼 남녀의 성역할 태도가 어떻게 변화되어야 할 것인가를 유추해 보고자 했다. 연구결과를 정리하면, 첫째, 이상적인 일 가정 양립 방안은 미혼자의 성별에 따라 차이가 없었으나 교육정도에 따라서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 드러났다. 둘째, 이상적인 일 가정 양립방안과 부부 성역할 태도 및 성별 간 관계에 있어서는 여성에 비해 남성이 '남성은 직장, 여성은 가사'를 더 찬성했으며, 전일제일 보다 시간제 일을 선호하는 미혼자들이 '남성은 직장, 여성은 가사' 방안에 대한 찬성이 높았다. '남편의 자녀 돌봄 능력'에 대해서는 여성이 남성보다 그리고 2자녀를 두고 전일제로 일하겠다는 미혼자가 1자녀를 두고 전일제로 일하겠다는 미혼자에 비해 높은 평가를 보였다. 셋째, 두 자녀 이상을 두고 전일제로 일하고자 하는 미혼 남녀가 저출산 문제를 가장 심각하게 받아들이고 있었다. 넷째, 저출산 이유로 가장 높은 동의를 보인 것은 '양육비와 교육비용'이었으며 다음으로 '주택마련의 어려움'과 '취업여성의 증가'였다. "취업여성의 증가"를 저출산의 원인으로 여기는 정도는 남성보다 여성이 높게 나타났으며, 무자녀로 전일제 일하는 것을 원하는 미혼자들에게서 이러한 성향이 두드러지게 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 일 가정 양립방안과 성역할 태도에 대한 기본적인 이해를 높일 뿐만 아니라 저출산 문제에 대한 정책적 개입방향을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 한국양봉학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.285-293
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• 2019

The honey bee queen shows extreme polyandry and controlling the mating partners can only be possible either by artificial insemination or having remote isolated mating locations. Here we report on the German North Sea island of Heligoland. Because of its location 60 km from the mainland, the lack of a local population of honey bees, its size of just 1.4 ㎢ and suitable weather conditions during the months of May to July, it is considered an ideal location for controlled inseminations of high-quality virgin queen bees with drones deemed genetically superior to others. Methods how to rear virgin queen bees are described and information is provided on the numbers of queen bees, their supporting workers and drone bees that are taken to the island in the mating season. The bee most commonly involved in the Heligoland mating trials has become Apis mellifera carnica strain "Baltica". In one summer, for example, 80 virgin queens (belonging to beekeepers from nine different locations in northern Germany) each with about 600 worker bees plus two drone populations of around 2,000 drones were taken by ship to Heligoland. On their return to the mainland no later than 3.5 weeks after the mating exercise, the beekeepers could register a mating success rate of 80%. This information can help operation management of the new remote mating centre of Weedo Island, Jeonbuk in Korea, which is currently under construction.

• 웰빙융합연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Purpose: The study sought to uncover the effect of emotional labour strategies (surface acting and deep acting) on job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. The study also purposed to analyse the moderating effect of organisational support (supervisory support and co-worker support) and the role of gender on emotional labour connotations. Research design, data and methodology: A conceptual framework was developed using extant literature which led to the examination of deep acting and surface acting, which are the two main strategies of emotional labour. The outcome variables were emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. Data was collected from front line employees of banks and was analysed using SEM-AMOS version 21. Results: It was revealed, in this study, that surface acting is inversely related to job satisfaction and positively related to emotional exhaustion, whereas deep acting was positively related to job satisfaction and inversely related to emotional exhaustion. The roles of gender and organisational support were also confirmed. Conclusions: The study therefore concluded that deep acting is the most ideal strategy of emotional labour as it leads to job satisfaction and reduced emotional exhaustion. Surface acting is a harmful emotional labour strategy.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.133-160
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• 1973

1. Introduction Community medicine with the concept of comprehensive medical care and an ideal medical care delivery system not only for an individual or family but for the whole community has emerged. In April 1970, the Presbyterian Medical Center started a hospital based community health service project in order to improve the health of the people in rural areas. Prior to commencing a comprehensive medical care system, a family survey was needed. The major objective of this survey was to obtain information concerning the people and their environment so as to be able to plan and implement a comprehensive medical care program in Soyang-Myun. 2. Survey Method An interview using a family record form was carried out for each household. This family record form was designed to get information about demography, family planning, environmental sanitation and vital statistics. Prior to beginning, the members of the survey team were trained in interviewing techniques for three days. The team consisted of a public health nurse, four nurse-aides, a sanitarian and four health extension workers who are working in our project, The survey was carried out during the period November 1971 to March 1972. 3. Project area 1) Population of Soyang-Myun was 11,668; male, 5,962 and female, 5,706. Sex ratio: 104.5. 2) Households : 1,858 3) Family size: The average household consisted of 6.3 persons. 4) Educational level of householder a. Illiterate 13% b. No schooling but able to read 10% c. Preschool children 19% d. Primary school 47% e. Middle school 7% f. High school 3% g. College or University 1% 5) Occupational distribution of householders a. Farmer 67% b. Laborer 13% c. Office worker 4% d. Merchant 4% e. Industrial worker 2% f. Unemployed 8% g. Miscellaneous 2% 6) Religious affiliation a. No religion 74% b. Buddhist 12% c. Protestant 10% d. Catholic 4% 4. Survey results Living Environment : a. Home ownership 95% b. Kinds of roofing Straw-thatched house 84% Tile-roofed house 10% Slate-roofed house 5% Other 1% c. Floor space Less than 6 pyong 10% 6-10 pyong 53% 11-15 pyong 24% 16-20 pyong 9% More than 20 pyong 4% d. Radio ownership 80% Environmental Sanitation : a. the source of drinking water public well 49% private well 30% drainage water 9% steam water 8% well pump 3% water distribution system 1% b. Distance between well and toilet more than 16meters 38% 6-10 meter 31% 11-15 meters 14% Less than 6 meters 17% c. The status of well management Bad 72% Fair 26% Good 2% d. General sanitary state of house Bad 37% Fair 51% Good 12% e. House drainage system had no house drainage. 77% Family Planning : a. 24% of the people have used contraceptives, but 12% ceased to use them. 76% have never used contraceptives. b. used methods 1oop 68% oral pill 16% vasectomy 4% condom 1% tubal ligation 1% two or more methods 10% Maternal Health : a. The number of conceptions of housewives under 50 years of age. 11 times 26% 6 times 11% 5 times 11% 4 times 9% b. The place of delivery own house 88% hospital 1% others 11% Treatment of general sickness : a. The place of treatment Soyang Health Center 31% Hospital (private or otherwise) 26% Pharmacy 14% Herb medicine 5% Private care 5% No treatment 12% Miscellaneous 7% b. Usual causes of diseases Unknown 46% Tuberculosis 29% Neuralgia 8% CVA 3% Bronchitis 3% Others 11%