• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.118-125
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• 2014

This study purposes to historical approach the formation process of Nature-Study, and to re-evaluate its definition and direction at present. The idea of Nature-Study originated from Campanella, Ratke and Comenius, who emphasized real things. The idea developed through Object Lessons of Sheldon, the Natural History of Agassiz, and Progressivism of Parker. They acted as the main contributors who evolved the idea of Nature-Study and its core fields that involve: 'studying with real things' in Object Lessons which brought the methodical aspects to the idea, 'studying with nature' from Natural History that enhanced the content characteristics and 'learner-centered education' from Progressivism, which impacted the philosophical aspects. Straight (a fellow student of Agassiz) was a teacher for Sheldon Oswego normal school and Parker's Cook County normal school, who synthesized the fields together and paved the way for the formation of Nature-Study. Jackman of Cook Country normal school established Nature-Study as a school curriculum and Bailey and Comstock of Cornell University formed the American Nature-Study Society and as a result, Nature-Study started to gain popularity. However, many educators increasingly rejected Nature-Study as a unifying topic, and preferred the use of textbooks rather than firsthand experiences. This hindered the nature-study movement and it declined since the 1920s. But today, the Nature-study idea can play a huge role in developing science education, inclusive education centered nature, self-initiated retrieval, sympathy with nature and character building of students.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-32
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• 1998

I found following idea, as a result of researching his Science idea, mainly, by translation of the "$Zh\bar{a}ng$ xi $ch\acute{u}n$ $Xu\acute{e}$ $Sh\acute{u}$ ssu $hsi\acute{a}ng$ "(張錫純 學術硏究). $Zh\bar{a}ng$ xi $ch\acute{u}n$ regarded $ch\tilde{u}ng$ $ch\bar{u}ng$ $ts'\bar{a}n$ $hs\bar{l}$' (衷中參西) as the core idea of The Chinese-Western medical combination. He didn't segregate philosophy of the West from One of the Orient. He persued to harmonize each other and thought that the Western medicint theory is included in the Chinese one in many parts. besides, He recognized that it is bad to reject each other, for the medical science's purpose is to save a life, and united The Chinese-Western medicine theory, by $ch\acute{u}ng$ $ch\tilde{u}ng$ $ch\bar{u}ng$ $ts'\bar{a}n$ $hs\bar{l}$'(衷中參西) idea which refers to consult the Western medicine on the basis of the Chinese one. Medical basic theory of $Zh\bar{a}ng$ xi $ch\acute{u}n$ brought up new views of the theory : Dae-gi(大氣), gi-Hwa(氣化) theory, Nongangubgan byung juing chi(論肝及肝病證治), Eum her chijung ja bi(陰虛治重滋脾). Lim Sangeung yong(臨床應用) of Hyul Her gub(血虛及)-Hwal Hyul Hwa $\breve{u}$ bub(活血化瘀法), on the basis of classics, such as, "$N\breve{e}i$ Ching"(內經), "Chin Kue $\breve{i}$ $y\bar{a}o$ $l\ddot{u}{\bar{e}}h$, "Shen $n\acute{u}ng$ $p\breve{e}n$ $t\acute{s}{\check{a}}o$ ching"(新農本草經) etc. I'll sum up $Zh\bar{a}ng$ xi $ch\acute{u}n's$ clinical idea now He unified Sang Han(像寒)-On Byung(溫病) with Yuk Kyung Byung Jung(六經辨證) and It was noticiable to utilize a kinds of Baek Ho Tang(白虎湯). He gave a detailed description about a method of grasp the symptoms of the cause of the internal medicine diseases and pathology and, he left abundant views of theory about using remedy and experience of clinic.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.3
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• pp.330-342
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• 1990

One might have a retrospect on the relationship between the forest and human being from the viewpoint of ecological perspective. It is no doubt that most of the fossil humans should have lived on the forest and the latter provided foods and shelters for humans from their beginning stages, Since the so-called agricultural revolution, humans have extensively started to exploit the forest which had beer, their cradle. The industrial revolution has created another situation against the forest in terms of the quality of ecosystem. These two revolutions have set up the so-called civilization which seems to have been based on the sacrificial oblation of the forest. The cradle for human being has been kept exterminating for the shake of "economic development and miracle." This might be a synoptic history of relationships between the forest and human beings in a sense. designates the behavioral aspects of human being against the forest and people consider the forest only as exploitable resource in this context, and the latter means that people live on the forest and strive to adapt the order of forest ecosystem. The resourcism has developed a strategy of colonialism to exploit the forest and provided a winner's position for the human beings against the forest, This idea and behavioral perspective seems to have started the backfire against the exploiter who is the owner of the civilization. However, there are different philosophies and ideas to view the relationship between the forest and human beings. People within the forest who are mostly considered as "primitives" still keep their idea of the ontology of the forest. There is a theoretical assumption of the "socionatural system" to look into the ecosystem. The forest could be viewed in the above frame of analysis. There are five variables : environment, resource, technology, organization, and ideology. Ideological aspect of the forest can be explained in the context of belief systems. Forest has a meaning of religion and rituals and people within the forest should admire it in anyway of religious reasons. This aspect of the forest cannot be separated from the environmental aspect of the forest. People within the forest acknowledge and practice the above idea. People outside the forest have lost the idea, however, at the cost of acquiring the civilization. They have expelled themselves from the forest and divided the socionatural system of the forest by way of colonialism. The efforts like agroforestry and social forestry would be strategies for recovering the idea of ontology of the forest as well as the sense of community including the forest and human being. People within the forest will be a prospective model for the future socionatural system of the forest for the people outside the forest. At this point, an ecological anthropologist can work with the forest specialists.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.123-128
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• 2013

This study was performed with an aim to examine the inner thoughts of Muso Soseki through his works. In this study, we reviewed currently existing Mus$\bar{o}$ Soseki. Works in which his idea or intention behind his works are to be understood in terms of landscaping science or religious perspective. Targeting his best representative works of temple gardens such as Jochou-ji, Eiho-ji, Zuisen-ji, Tenryu-ji, it was sought his view of gardening and technique of garden making. Those temples, selected as target of this study, have significance as a places to have started his learning till matured of his thought into his gardening works. What we need to concentrate and think about regarding the works of Muso is the fact that we are to be impressed upon just looking at his works. The study result indicates that Muso not only symbolized his various mastered ideas & philosophies into spatial configuration into the garden based on Zen Buddhism idea, but also accomplished the Sabi-gardening beauty. Through his writing "Mongjoongmundap(夢中問答)" that is created using his core thoughts, his works can be understood better. This study has significance in that the idea. It could be understood that Muso's work is rooted in the basic idea of three ideas. The first of it is Zen philosophy being indicated in his configuration of gardening such as Zen meditation Stone, cave, chamdo etc. The second of it is shown as the merciful heart of Sangguboje(上求普提), Hahwajoongsaeng(下化衆生), being indicated in his configuration of gardening such as the pond And finally, there appears the Tao idea. Taoist thought has become of where the background space.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.141
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• pp.287-311
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• 2017

The major purpose of this article is to analyze Lee Jema's idea of 'cultivating the self,' and therefore reveal a difference between his idea and 'cultivating and nurturing (the mind)' shown in traditional medicine and Neo-Confucianism. For this purpose, I first analyzed 'cultivating and nurturing (the mind)' of traditional medicine and Neo-Confucianism and showed Lee Jema's originality by studying philosophical foundations of Sasang constitutional Medicine. The idea of 'cultivating and nurturing (the mind)' is transcendental in that it pursues the unity between humans and the principle of natural changes or the Heaven. However, Lee Jema developed his own medical theory by analyzing an ontological structure of human beings and nature and life, and reinterpreting four beginnings on the basis of experience. He reinterpreted humans as a being in the structure of time and space, and relationships with others. In addition, he reinterpreted nature and life and four beginnings as the capability of wisdom and action and the function of mind and body. Therefore, he tried to overcome a transcendental thinking to aim for the unity of humans with the Heaven. Also, he discovered that the most important reason for disease is biased emotions (moral/private) because biased emotions influenced the function of mind and body. The causal relationship is the basis of his medical theory. Therefore, his idea of cultivating the self is focused on being careful not to make emotions biased. This reveals that even though Sasang constitutional theory came from the traditional medical theory and Confucian morality, it developed on a different philosophical foundation. In this regard, I tried to differentiate Lee Jema's idea of cultivating the self from 'cultivating and nurturing (the mind)' which aims for the unity between humans and the principle of changes or the Heaven.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2019

As the importance of entrepreneurship education has increased, universities are conducting various programs related to entrepreneurship for university students. Despite these efforts, however, the demand for a competency-oriented entrepreneurship education program to realize the entrepreneurial idea is not fully reflected. Therefore this study is conducted to provide strategies for the development, management, and facilitation of the entrepreneurship education program of university through the analysis of difference between the level of importance and level of performance for the development of entrepreneurship of university student. Through the literature review, entrepreneurship is classified the step of confirming entrepreneurial intention, drawing up a start-up model, and planning a venture start-up. This study is analyzed through the t-test to identify difference between level of importance and level of performance with the 15 items of 7 competencies. This study is used Borich needs analysis and the Locus for Focus Model to know the priority of education needs for the development of entrepreneurship of university student. As the result of study, university students' entrepreneurial competences between level of importance and level of performance are shown significantly different among 15 items, the first priority is 6 items and the second priority is 2 items using Borich needs analysis and the Locus for Focus Model. Four competence clusters such as self-analytic competence, ability of eliciting entrepreneurial idea, ability of analyzing idea validity, and business-plan presentation competency are suggested with the combination of first and second priority competence. In order to develop each competence, ability of eliciting entrepreneurial idea and ability of analyzing idea validity are the key of education, self-analytic competence is needed to strengthen the intention of entrepreneurship, and business-plan presentation competence is cultivated as the ability of persuading investors to realize business ideas and is applied to business situation.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.117-142
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to illustrate Richard Henry Tawney's idea of adult education among traditions of workers' education movement. The workers' education movement can be categorized into two streams. One tradition regards as the workers' education as a part of liberal education. The other tradition regards as it as a tool for social transformation. The former, which emphasizes the importance of liberal education in workers' education, had been developed in connection with the University Extension in England, and had a practical influence through the 'Workers' Educational Association(WEA)' organized by Mansbridge and other intellectuals. The latter, which emphasizes the social transformational function of education, conducted education in a form that is not clearly distinguished from propaganda, through the 'National Council of Labour College(NCLC)'. Tawney demonstrates the idea of adult education that synthesizes these two traditions, and this synthesization is related to his idea on equality. Tawney pursued socialism through democratic and non-violent way. He thought that adult education could contribute to the construction of socialism while at the same time conducting adult education based on liberal education. In other words, adult education based on liberal education, through rational understanding and discussion of the world, can contribute to social transformation. Tawney's idea of adult education provides practical implications for educationalists and educators who want progressive social change, and theoretically enriches educational research on the relationship between social transformation and education.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.37
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• pp.307-344
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• 2009

This year of 2009 is the 420th anniversary for the high treason case in the year of ox (year 1589). Until now, there is an endless discussion still progressing about Jeong, Yeo Rip. The evaluation of such individual varies widely according to the viewpoint of each individual. However, the problem is that such confusion or issue is exaggerated under the pretense of his idea's progressivity. The true identity and ideology of Jeong, Yeo Rip will become clear once we review such fact from the origin. This article considered abstract and ideological evaluation of occasion and took its approach thoroughly based on the historical research of literature. Until now, some parts academic world have denied and argued about the fabrication about every details of Jeong, Yeo Rip and event of high treason in the year of ox while accepting the habitual sentence spoken by such individual without a doubt. They have exaggerated Jeong, Yeo Rip as an 'Incompleted Revolutionist' or 'Individual of Revolutionary Ideology'. However, it is imprecise to speak about the terminology of 'Revolutionary'. His ideology is simply elucidating the principal of original Confucianism or a new interpretation of the principle of Confucianism. Jeong, Yeo Rip wanted to contradict the system of national school based on the Zhu-xi's ideology and returned to the principle of original Confucianism. His idea of utopia based on the Confucianism arouse out of the intention of reviving the spirit of original Confucianism. His antagonistic propensity to Zhu-xi's ideology or political idea has transcended the principle of justification based on Sung Confucianism and was also logical and realistic. He was forced on to the deadly circumstance since the society of Joseon Dynasty couldn't accept such logical and progressive idea and deemed him to be nothing more than a disturbing element for the society.

• The Korean Journal of Coaching Psychology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-24
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• 2021

This study is an experimental study to examine the effect of the 1:1 coaching and example ideas with the GROW model on the creativity of new product ideas. Participants were composed of 32 adults who did not know coaching and were not related to new product development-related industries, and the experiment was randomly assigned to 1:1 coaching group, example idea group, and control group. The ideas answered by the participants were evaluated by measuring novelty, appropriateness, and willingness to pay after the experiment, and 30 experimental data and 3 expert group evaluation data were used for the final analysis. As a result of the study, the 1:1 coaching using the GROW model had a significant effect on the creativity of new product ideas, and in particular, had a positive effect on novelty. The example idea group received the lowest score among the three groups, including the control group, in novelty and suitability, and was found to have a negative effect on idea creativity. Based on these results, implications and limitations for the use of coaching in the work or situation of presenting creative ideas were discussed, and suggestions for follow-up studies were made.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.487-508
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• 2024

This study aims to empirically analyze the effects of the learning organization characteristics in public libraries on the innovative work behavior of librarians. In this analysis, 113 librarians from 15 public libraries in the Seoul Metropolitan Area of South Korea were surveyed to investigate the learning organization characteristics of libraries and innovative work behavior. Through a multiple regression analysis of learning organization characteristics and innovative work behavior, it was found that, among the sub-factors of learning organization characteristics, creating continuous learning opportunities and creating systems to capture and share learning had a positive effect on idea realization among the sub-factors of innovative work behavior. From this, it was interpreted that public libraries should increase financial and non-financial support for librarians to learn and also that libraries should create various systems such as electronic bulletin boards and meetings in which librarians can share their learning. Moreover, the sub-factors of learning organization characteristics were found to have no effect on idea generation and idea promotion among the sub-factors of innovative work behavior, which indicated that it will be necessary to identify the organization characteristics that affect idea generation and idea promotion. This study is significant in that it identified the sub-factors of learning organization characteristics that promote the innovative work behavior of public library librarians.