• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.822-826
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• 2006

Objectives : Essential hyperhidrosis is a socially and occupationally disabling disorder. There are many suggestions that hyperhidrosis is associated with the autonomic nervous system, especiallythe sympathetic system. This study was designed to investigate the autonomic nerve system in patients with essential hyperhidrosis and healthy controls by the frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Methods : 17 head-hyperhidrosis patients in the ambulatory care were investigated. All were inspected at the first medical examination. using the PSA of HRV. HRV was measured for minutes after 5 minutes bed rest. We checked the frequency domain analysis of HRV (i.e. TP, VLF, LF, HF) which were transformed into natural logarithm of patients against the standard measures of the HRV components. Then we compared the values of patients with means of normal Korean subjects. Results : The values of natural logarithmic measure of HRV (LnTP, LnHF, LnLF, LnVLF) of patients With head-hyperhidrosis we examined were $6.85{\pm}1.61$, $4.93{\pm}$2.00, $5.40{\pm}1.83$, and $6.13{\pm}1.37$, respectively. None of these values were higher than means of normal subjects. Conclusions : This study suggests that the function of the autonomic nervous system does not increase in patients with head-hyperhidrosis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

Objectives : Essential hyperhidrosis is a socially and occupationally disabling disorder. There are many suggestions that hyperhidrosis is associated with the autonomic nervous system. This study was designed to investigate the autonomic nerve system the patients with hyperhidrosis. Methods : 348 palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis patients and 20 systemic hyperhidrosis patients in the ambulatory care were investigated. All patients were inspected at the first medical examination, using the PSA of HRV. HRV was measured for 5 minutes after 5 minutes' bed rest. We checked the frequency domain analysis of HRV (i.e. TP, VLF, LF, HF and LF/HF) which were transformed into natural logarithm of patients against the standard measures of the HRV components. Then, we compared the means of patients with means and highest values of in the normal range of Koreans 1) between the patients with palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis and the healthy controls and 2) between the patients with the systemic hyperhidrosis and healthy controls, by the frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), respectively. We then compared the results between 1) and 2). Results : The values of natural logarithmic measures of LF/HF ratio in the patients with palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis we examined were significantly higher than the values of healthy controls, but those in the patients with systemic hyperhidrosis were not higher. Conclusion : This study suggests that the autonomic nervous function did not simply increase but that the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous function did matter in patients with palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis. This balance included that the sympathetic nervous function aggravated comparatively with parasympathetic nervous function. On the other hand, we couldn't find any significance of the patients with the systemic hyperhidrosis as for the autonomic nervous function.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2010

We developed an analysis software that automatically detects incoming isotopes for multi-purpose gamma-ray detectors. The software is divided into three major parts; Network Interface Module (NIM), Spectrum Analysis Module (SAM), and Graphic User Interface Module (GUIM). The main part is SAM that extracts peak information of energy spectrum from the collected data through network and identifies the isotopes by comparing the peaks with pre-calibrated libraries. The proposed peak detection algorithm was utilized to construct libraries of standard isotopes with two peaks and to identify the unknown isotope with the constructed libraries. We tested the software by using GammaPro1410 detector developed by NuCare Medical Systems. The results showed that NIM performed 200K counts per seconds and the most isotopes tested were correctly recognized within 1% error range when only a single unknown isotope was used for detection test. The software is expected to be used for radiation monitoring in various applications such as hospitals, power plants, and research facilities etc.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.381-393
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• 2007

The objectives of this study was to suggest for prophylatic of Musculoskeletal system disorders in Dental Hyginists and Dental hygiene students to maintain good posture in the dental hygiene curriculum. This study was carried with 100 dental hygienists in "M" city located in Jolla Province and 82 college students majoring in dental hygiene. The results were as follows: 1. During the operators' medical treatment, 41.7% answered that the patients' head was located in the operators' chest during their treatment. Also, 58.3% answered that the patients' head was located in the operators' abdomen. For this reason, 81.3% said that the patients' mouth became close to the operators' eyes - less than 30cm. And 65.1% said that they performed an operation in various directions. 2. The most common posture -between the position of operating and the position of assisting- is the position of operationg 1. The position of operationg 1 and 5 have an effect on the waist, and the position of assisting 3 has an effect on pains of the waist, bottoms, knees, ankles and feet. 3. The common symptoms of musculoskeletal system disorders in dental hygienists and student was the neck ache and the shoulders, and was followed by the lower back. From the cases that they visited in health care or apothecary to the above pain, symptoms were highest in the shoulders(18.3%) and were followed by the lower back(13.4%) and neck(9.1%). 4. On The necessity of education related to, According to researches, 96.3% college students and 92.5% dental hygienists answered that education related to Musculoskeletal system disorders is necessary. 5. In this study, I have 3 limitations. First, the subject of survey was selected for specific people in the specific city, Second, the personal judgment was made in judging the relations of the position of operating, the position of assisting and the aches. Third, the relations of the position of operating, the position of assisting and the aches don't have supporting medical evidences. Therefore, this study will be carried on more people with more objectives and medical method.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.397-404
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of stocking density on eating and ruminating behavior of Hanwoo steers (Bos taurus coreanae) in the finishing period. A total of 30 finishing Hanwoo steers ($631.3{\pm}11.4$ kg, 25 months old) were allocated to one of four stocking density groups comprising 1, 2, 3, and 4 steers per 32 $m^2$ pen [G1 (32 $m^2$), G2 (16 $m^2$), G3 (10.7 $m^2$) and G4 (8 $m^2$), respectively] in triplicate. Eating, rumination behaviors, as well as dry matter intake of steers were measured, and the results were subjected to analysis of variance with stocking density as the main effect. The results of eating behaviors over 48 hours are summarized as follows: Total intake was significantly (p<0.01) higher in G1, G2, and G3 compared to G4. Eating time was not different among the treatments, whereas ruminating time increased in the order of G1 > G2 > G3 > G4 (p<0.01). However, resting time and chewing time (sum of eating and ruminating) were not significantly different among the treatments. Number of boluses and number of total chews were highest in G1 (p<0.01), whereas number of chews per bolus was highest in G3 (p<0.01). Ruminating time per bolus as well as number of boluses per minute was not significantly different among the treatments. Number of defecations was higher in G1 and G2 animals compared to G3 and G4 animals (p<0.01). However, stocking density had no effect on drinking or urination. In conclusion, increasing stocking density (i.e. G4) per pen decreased voluntary intake, ruminating time, and total chewing number in the finishing period of Hanwoo steers. However, care must be taken in discussing stocking density in the present study as the space allowance per animal was satisfactory to meet the current animal welfare regulation in Korea and in Europe, although the beef production system in Korea is more intensive than in Europe.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.79-93
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• 2020

Objectives While sciatic neuropathy is one of the common symptoms which have the lifetime incidence of 13~40%, still there is no consensus about the standardized and the most effective conservative treatment. In addition, the importance of systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical are growing as they could suggest possible effective treatment strategy for future studies. Therefore, we conducted systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate analgesic effect of acupuncture on sciatica in rat models. Methods Systematic search was conducted for all controlled comparative preclinical trials which assessed analgesic effect of acupuncture in sciatica rat models. Database of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI and 6 Korean databases were used. The primary outcome was pain, which is evaluated by stimulus behavior tests in rat models. We assessed the methodological quality with Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation's risk of bias tool. RevMan 5.3 was used for meta-analysis and subgroup analysis was conducted according to treatment site, acupuncture point, treatment period and frequency used in electroacupuncture. Results 14 studies were finally included following our inclusion criteria. The data from meta-analysis indicated that the acupuncture significantly improved the result values of behavior tests for pain evaluation, compared to no-treatment control group in animal models (standardized mean difference=4.43, 95% confidence interval 3.16 to 5.69, Z=6.84, p<0.00001; χ²=68.02, p<0.00001; I²=82%). The results of subgroup analysis indicate that acupuncture treatment of unilateral site, distal acupoints, longer treatment period and applying 2/100 Hz frequency in electroacupuncture could be more effective. Conclusions Systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies are getting important for the future clinical studies and the improvement of heatlh care. Therefore the results of the study would provide evidence and better design for the forthcoming studies.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.196-211
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 5 weeks self-help management program on reducing depression, promoting Activity of Daily Livings(ADLs), Instrumental Activity of Daily Livings(IADLs), grasping power, hope and self-efficacy for post stroke patients visiting public health care centers in Seoul. This was pre-experimental study, and the subjects were 27 post stroke hemiplegic patients. The program was composed of five sessions and each session had health education on stroke, ROM exercise and recreation. Data were collected from May to November, 2000, and all subjects were asked to complete the Questionnaires, be measured vital signs and grasping power. Data were analyzed with frequency, percent, paired t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient using SAS(version 6.12) program. The results were as follows : 1) The scores of ADLs were increased from 27.04 to 28.22 after program, and that was statistically significant(p=.005). 2) The scores of IADLs were increased from 18.70 to 19.78 after program, and that was statistically significant(p=.004). 3) The grasping power of right hand were increased from 21.87kg to 26.93kg after program, and that was statistically significant(p=.002). But the grasping power of left hand were statistically insignificant(p=.919). 4) The scores of depression were decreased from 39.63 to 35.30 after program, and that was statistically significant(p=.030). 5) The scores of hope were increased from 30.89 to 34.15 after program, and that was statistically significant(p=.002). 6) The scores of self-efficacy were increased from 67.70 to 76.37 after program, and that was statistically significant(p=.000). According to the results of this study, the scores of Activity of Daily Livings(ADLs), Instrumental Activity of Daily Livings (IADLs), hope, and self-efficacy and the grasping power were improved and depression was reduced in post stroke patients participating in self-help management program. Therefore we recommend to use self-help management programs as a nursing intervention for the post stroke patient.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 1998

The maintenance of a viable pregnancy has long been viewed as an immunological paradox. The deveolping embryo and trophoblast are immunologically foreign to the maternal immune system due to their maternally inherited genes products and tissue-specific differentiation antigens (Hill & Anderson, 1988). Therefore, speculation has arisen that spontaneous abortion may be caused by impaired maternal immune tolerance to the semiallogenic conceptus (Hill, 1990). Loss of recall antigen has been reported in immunosuppressed transplant recipients and is associated with graft survival (Muluk et al., 1991; Schulik et al., 1994). Progesterone $(10^{-5}M)$ has immunosuppressive capabilities (Szekeres-Bartho et al., 1985). Previous study showed that fertile women, but not women with unexplained recurrent abortion (URA), lose their immune response to recall antigens when pregnant (Bermas & Hill, 1997). Therefore, we hypothesized that immunosuppressive doses of progesterone may affect proliferative response of lymphocytes to trophoblast antigen and alloantigen. Proliferative responses using $^3H$-thymidine ($^3H$-TdR) incorporation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to the irradiated allogeneic periperal blood mononuclear cells as alloantigen, trophoblast extract and Flu as recall antigen, and PHA as mitogen were serially checked in 9 women who had experienced unexplained recurrent miscarriage. Progesterone vaginal suppositories (100mg b.i.d; Utrogestan, Organon) beginning 3 days after ovulation were given to 9 women with unexplained RSA who had prior evidence of Th1 immunity to trophoblast. We checked proliferation responses to conception cycle before and after progesterone supplementation once a week through the first 7 weeks of pregnancy. All patients of alloantigen and PHA had a positive proliferation response that occmed in the baseline phase. But 4 out of 9 patients (44.4%) of trophoblast antigen and Flu antigen had a positive proliferative response. The suppression of proliferation response to each antigen were started after proliferative phase and during pregnancy cycles. Our data demonstrated that since in vivo progesterone treated PBMCs suppressed more T-lymphocyte activation and $^3H$-TdR incorporation compare to PBMCs, which are not influenced by progesterone. This data suggested that it might be influenced by immunosuppressive effect of progesterone. In conclusion, progesterone may play an important immunological role in regulating local immune response in the fetal-placental unit. Furthermore, in the 9 women given progesterone during a conception cycle, Only two (22%) repeat pregnancy losses occured in these 9 women despite loss of antigen responsiveness (one chemical pregnancy loss and one loss at 8 weeks of growth which was karyotyped as a Trisomy 4). These finding suggested that pregnancy loss due to fetal aneuploidy is not associated with immunological phenomena.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.118-124
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• 2020

Background: The poultry industry in Pakistan has flourished since the 1960s; however, there are scarce data regarding the impact of occupational exposure on the pulmonary health of farm workers in terms of years working in the industry. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of poultry environment on the health of occupationally exposed poultry farmers in countries of warm climatic regions, such as Pakistan. This study will also show the effect of exposure to poultry facilities on the health of poultry farmers in the context of low-income countries with a relatively inadequate occupational exposure risk management. Materials and methods: The lung function capacity of 79 poultry workers was measured using a spirometer. Along with spirometry, a structured questionnaire was also administrated to obtain information about age, height, weight, smokers/nonsmokers, years of working experience, and pulmonary health of farm workers. The workers who were directly involved in the care and handling of birds in these intensive facilities were considered and divided into four groups based on their years of working experience: Group I (3-10 months), Group II (1-5 years), Group III (6-10 years), and Group IV (more than 11 years). The forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the FEV1/FVC ratio were considered to identify lung function abnormalities. Statistical analysis was carried out using independent sample t test, Chi-square test, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression. Results: Based on the performed spirometry, 68 (86 %) of workers were found normal and healthy, whereas 11 (14 %) had a mild obstruction. Of the 11 workers with mild obstruction, the highest number with respect to the total was in Group IV (more than 11 years of working experience) followed by Group III and Group II. Most of the workers were found healthy, which seems to be because of the healthy survivor effect. For the independent sample t test, a significant difference was noticed between healthy and nonhealthy farmers, whereas Chi-square test showed a significant association with height, drugs, and working experience. Linear regression that was stratified by respiratory symptoms showed for workers with symptoms, regression models for all spirometric parameters (FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC) have better predictive power or R square value than those of workers without symptoms. Conclusion: These findings suggest that lung function capacity was directly related to years of working experience. With increasing number of working years, symptoms of various respiratory problems enhanced in the poultry workers. It should be noted that most of the poultry workers were healthy and young, the rationale being that there is a high turnover rate in this profession. The mobility in this job and our finding of 86% of the healthy workers in the present study also proposed healthy worker survivor effect.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2002

Capacitively-coupled resistivity (CCR) system is known to be very useful where galvanic contact to earth is impossible, such as the area covered with thick ice, snow, concrete or asphalt. This system injects current non-galvanically, i.e., capacitively to earth through line antenna and measures potential difference in a same manner. We derived geometric factor for two types of antenna configuration and presented the method of processing and converting the data obtained with CCR system suitable to conventional resistivity inversion analysis. The CCR system, however, has limitations on use at conductive area or electrically noisy area since it is very difficult to inject sufficient current to earth with this system as with conventional resistivity system. This causes low SM ratio when acquiring data with CCR system and great care must be taken in acquiring data with this system. Additionally the uniform contact between line antennas and earth is also crucial factor to obtain good S/N ratio data. The CCR method, however, enables one to perform continuous profiling over a survey line by dragging entire system and thus will be useful in rapid investigation of conductivity distribution in shallow subsurface.