• 대한수의학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.277-281
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• 1990

Xylazine is commonly used for anesthesia in veterinary medicine and various adverse effects are developed. To examine if the severe hypotensive response associated with xylazine-induced anesthesia might be resulted from the stimulation of presynaptic alpha-2 adrenoceptors or the increase of vagal tone, effects of yohimbine, atropine and atropine with vagotomy on xylazine-induced severe and long-lasting hypotensive responses were investigated in rabbits. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Intravenously injected xylazine(1mg/kg)-induced hypotensive responses were inhibited by yohimbine(p<0.001). 2) Intravenously injected xylazine(1mg/kg)-induced hypotensive responses were not changed by atropine. 3) Intravenously administered xylazine(1mg/kg)-induced hypotensive responses are not changed by atropine with vagotomy. These results indicate that xylazine is thought to cause severe hypotensive response during anesthesia primarily by stimulating presynaptic alpha-2 adrenoceptors and other receptors or mechanisms may participate in the hgpotensive response of xylazine.

• 생약학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 1978

Total saponins and ether extracts of red and white ginseng were obtained and their effects on blood pressure in cat and their histamine liberating activities in rabbits were measured. 1) Ether extract of red ginseng showed a transient hypotensive effect and subsequently showed a remarkable and persistent hypotensive effect, whereas other three fractions, such as saponin fractions of red and white ginseng and ether extract of white ginseng showed only a initial transient hypotensive effects. 2) Histamine levels liberated into blood after administration of each fractions measured by the bioassay with guinea pig ileum. Ether extract of red ginseng immediately increased histamine contents in plasma but the histamine levels decreased to normal level within 10min in spite of decreased blood pressure was sustained. Although white ginseng saponin lowered blood pressure immediately when it is administered, histamine release was observed after 10min. The results suggest that hypotensive effects of ginseng seems to have no correlation with the histamine liberating activity. Ginseng appears to show hypotensive effect via some other mechanisms.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.213-223
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was performed to prove the hypotensive effect of 70% MeOH extracts from Scrophularia buergeriana (SB) on rat's femoral artery. Methods : We observed hypotensive effect of SB on rat's femoral artery. Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel, S. kakudensis, S. koraiensis and S. ningpoenesis Hemsl. were used by the RFLP method and sequence analysis of ITS regions, in order to compare and discriminate. Results : SB 70% MeOH Ex., Water fraction, 40% MeOH fraction, 100% MeOH fraction didn't show significantly hypotensive effect. 20% fraction of SB 70% MeOH Ex. showed significantly hypotensive effect. The size of ITS region on Scrophularia sp. is 589${\sim}$590bp and amount of G+C is 59.3% to 59.7%, and it showed the similar of ITS parts on Scrophularia sp. Conclusions : We concluded that SB Ex. have hypotensive activity, and it's more efficient when separated. And Scrophularia sp. showed the similar of DNA analysis.

• 생약학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.211-217
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• 1975

The blood pressure response to Junci Herba water and methanol extracts in rabbit and $LD_{50}$ to Junci Herba water extract in mouse were investigated in order to develop a hypotensive agent from natural resources. $LD_{50}$ of Junci Herba water extract (WE) was 600 mg/kg in mouse, when WE was injected intraperitonealy. Junci Herba water and methanol extract, when injected into the vein of rabbit, produced a fall of blood pressure. Hypotensive effect of WE was suppressed by atropine and potentiated by phentolamine, while not affected by avil, propranolol, and phenoxybenzamine. Intravenous injection of chlorisondamine weakened the hypotensive effect of WE, and WE produced hypertensive effect in this rabbit. Intravenous injection of bretylium did not affect the hypotensive effect of WE, but WE produced hypertensive effect in this rabbit. In the rabbit treated with chlorisondamine, hypertensive effect of WE was suppressed by methysergide or bretylium, but not affected by atropine or phenoxybenzamine.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.50-58
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• 1998

The effects of the Evodiae fructus on the cardiovascular function were assessed in spontaneously hypertensive rats, and isolated preparation of spontaneously hypertensive rats aortic strip. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, intraperitoneal administration of methanol crude extract of Evodiae Fructus (0.5mg/kg) lowered aterial blood pressure which lasted for at least 4 hours. The hypotensive effect of Evodiae Fructus was more stronger with ${\alpha}-adrenoreceptor$ inhibitor(Phentholamine) and it was not affected by ${\beta}-adrenoreceptor$ inhibitor(Propranolol). The hypotensive effect of Evodiae Fructus was abolished by NAME. It is suggested that the hypotensive effect of Evodiae Fructus may be concern with endothelium-derived relaxing factor and it may be mediated through NO synthesis. Evodiae Fructus showed a vasorelaxing effect on denude aortic strip. It is suggested that Evodiae Fructus has a direct relaxing effect on vascular smooth muscle cells. Judging from above results, it was proved that hypotensive effect of Evodiae Fructus. The mechanism of hypotensive action may be concern with endothelium-derived relaxing factor and direct relaxing effect on vascular smooth muscle cells. Therefore, it is suggested that Evodiae Fructus is applicable to hypertension.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.61-65
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• 1976

Coptis rhizoma had been applied in the chines medicine as well as in the folk remidies and it was advocated that coptis rhizoma exerts good therapeutic effect in some case of alimentary disorders and other hypotensive ailments. However the basic pharmacology and the mechanism of hypotensive action are not clear. This experiment was carried out in order to reevaluate the pharmacology, especially hypotensive action of coptis rhizoma and to clarify the mechanism of action, in the rabbits and also $LD_{50}$ of coptis rhizoma was determined using mice as experimental animals. The results of the experiment were as follows. 1) $LD_{50}$ to the mice was 69 mg/kg. 2) Blood pressure manifested gradual responses by the fall of -17, -26, -62 mmHg in proportion to the administration of 3, 5, 10 mg/kg of coptis rhizoma extract respectively. 3) No significant differance was observed in heart rate between the normal control group and the coptis rhizoma extract treated group. 4) Administration of coptis rhizoma extract 5 mg/kg to the rabbit pretreated with atropine or avil did not show any significant difference in the blood pressure compared with that of control group. 5) In the rabbit pretreated with coptis rhizoma extract 5mg/kg, the hypotensive effect of epinephrine was significantly inhibited in comparison with that of normal rabbit.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제15권1_2호
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• pp.45-56
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• 1979

With a view to searching after a new antihypertensive or hypotensive agents in the botanical crude plants, authors intended to reevaluate several natural products caltivated in Korea. This experiment was undertaken to compare pharmacogical actions of Machilus thunbergii Siebold et Zuccarini with those of Magnolia obovata Thunberg in anesthetized rats and in normal mice. Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc., a tree belonging to the Lauraceae family, is caltivated at Ull-ung Do, and their cortecies have been used as folk medicine mingled with those of Magnolia obovata Thunberg. These two cortecies have teen also applied in chinese medicine, it was advocated that these cortecies exerted good therapeutic effects on gastritis, convulsive abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and urinary tract disorders. Therefore, we intended to determine the pharmacological action of two palnt of different family each other, especially their effects on blood pressure and heart rate, and also their mechanism of action were observed. We studied their action with extracts of hexane(MTHE), ether(MTEE), methanol(MTME) and water(MTWE) from Machilus thunhergii Sieb. et Zucc., and also fractionations of methanol(MOME), chloroform(MOCE) and water(MOWE) from Mapolia obovata Thunberg. The results of this experiment were as follows; 1) MTME, when intravenously administered to rats, elicited the significant hypotensive responses dependent on the administered dosage. 2) MOWE was also exhibited the hypotensive effect dependent on the treated dose. 3) Depressor effect of MTME was blocked by pretreatment with hexamethonium. 4) The hypotensive response of MOWE was blocked by pretreatment with hexamethonium or hrdralazine. 5) HTME and MOWE were also observed the anticonvulsive effect and sedative effect. These results suggested that MTME may induce the hypotensive response via central sympathetic effect, but the site of action in brain are not clarified, and the hypotensive effect of MOWE may be due to dual mechanism of central sympathetic action and direct vasodilation of blood vessel.

• 약학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.163-174
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• 1978

차전자(Plantaginis Semen)은 우리나라 전국 각지의 원야와 노방의 자생하는 다년생 초목으로 Plantaginaceae(질경이과)에 속하는 Plantago major L. var. asiatica Decaisne 질경이의 종자를 말하며 그의 성분으로는 다량의 점액, 지방유, pentosan 및 galactan, succinic acid, plantanolic acid, adenine, choline. K-염등이 알려져 있다. 이 차전자는 한방과 민간에서 소염, 이뇨, 진해, 지사제로서 널리 사용되어 왔으며 그의 약리작용에 관해서는 이미 저자들이 가토를 이용한 실험에서 이의 methanol extract가 자궁수축작용, 호흡흥분작용, 혈압강하작용, 장관수축작용, 심장박동의 완제작용, 항이뇨작용이 있음을 보고한 바 있다. 그러나 그의 기전에 관해서는 거의 알려진 바가 없다. 따라서 저자들은 위의 여러가지 작용중 특히 혈압강하작용에 관한 본태를 파악하여 그의 실용성 여부를 구명코자 이 실험을 착수하였다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.27-38
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• 1979

This study was attempted to investigate the pharmacological action, especially depressor action of Phellodendri cortex and to elucidate the mechanism of its action, making use of Phellodendri cortex methanol extract (PCME) because its hypotensive action is not clear. Influence of PCME on the blood pressure of the rabbits and cats were observed in this study. PCME, when given intravenously in the rabbits and cats, elicited the hypotensive action, but intraventricular PCME in the rabbits did not show depressor action. Accumulation and tachyphylaxis by PCME administered into the ear-vein of the rabbits were not shown. Depressor effect of PCME in the rabbits was attenuated significantly by pretreatment with phentolamine, guanethidine, chorisondamine and atropine, but not by propranolol, diphenhydramine, cyproheptadine and vagotomization. The pressor activity of angiotensin was unimpaired after injection of maximal hypotensive doses (100mg/kg) of PCME, but the pressor activity of norepinephrine and carotid occlusion was abolished markedly. In addition, PCME given into jugular vein of the cats weakened norepinephrine pressor responses and caused the reversal of epinephrine pressor responses. These results suggest that the hypotensive action of PCME may be due to dual mechanisms by interference with peripheral sympathetic function, alpha adrenoceptor blocking action, and peripheral parasympathomimetics action, muscarinic action.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.145-149
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• 1994

Intravenous administration of hydro-methanolic extract of Cyperus scariosus (3-10 mg/kg) produced hypotensive and bradcardiac effects. These effects remianed unaltered in atropinized animals indicating that cardiovascular effects of the plant extract are not medliated through activation of muscarinic receptors. In the in vitro studies, it suppressed the spontaneous contractions of guinea-pig paired atria, rat ulterus and rabbit jejunum in a concentration-dependent (0.1-1 mg/ml) manner. It also inhibited histanmine or acetylcholine-induced contractions of guinea-pig ieum indicating non-sepcific spasmolytic action. In rabbit aorta, it inhibited norepinephrine $(10\;mu{M)}$ as well as $K^+$ (80mM)-induced contractions at similar concentrations (0.1-1 mg/ml). These data indicate that cyperus scariosus contains $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker-like constituent(s) which may explain hypotensive effect observed in vivo and the general spasmolytic activity of plant explain its folkloric use in diarrhoea.