• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2010

Hovenia dulcis Thunb fruits were successively extracted with hot water, water, methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform. The crude extracts were investigated for potential antioxidant by measuring scavenging against DPPH free radicals, reducing power, superoxide radicals, and protection of protein damage and cultured cells from a lethal dose of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$). In all chemical assays used, the hot water extract of H. dulcis fruits, which contained $61.14{\pm}2.57$ (Tannic acid mg/g extract, n=3) of total phenolic compounds contents exhibited highest activity in in vitro models of DPPH free radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay, superoxide radical scavenging activity and protection of protein damage. In addition, the hot water extract protected cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages from a lethal dose of $H_2O_2$ and reduced reactive oxygen species level in RAW 264.7 cells.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.111-116
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to estimate the antioxidant activity of water extract of Cnidii Fructus (CF) and Torilis Fructus (TF) in Leydig cells. Methods : Free radical scavenging activity of CF and TF against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was determined spectrophotometrically. We investigated the effect of CF and TF in Leydig cells by MTT assay. The protective effects of CF and TF against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in Leydig cells. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activity assays were performed in Leydig cells. Results : The results showed that CF scavenged DPPH radical in a dose-dependent manner by up to 81.2%, TF scavenged DPPH radical in a dose-dependent manner by up to 63.8%. CF showed cell viability as 121.0, 132.7, 126.6% in 5, 10, $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentrations. TF showed cell viability as 127.5, 111.8% in 5, $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentraions, respectively. The hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity of Leydig cells were protected to 86.3% by CF at concentration of $10{\mu}g/ml$ and protected to 83.5% by TF at concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. Both CF and TF at all concentrations, SOD activity was not significantly changed. Catalase activity was significantly increased at 10, $100{\mu}g/ml$ concentrations of CF, respectively. TF's catalase activity showed no significant difference from that of the control. Conclusions : These results suggest that CF, as an antioxidant, protects Leydig cells in hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. know that "Kwangjebikeup" played a role in settlement and spreading of foreign knowledge to civilians.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.147-155
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• 2000

In order to evaluate anti -oxidant activities and protective effect against oxidatve damage, DPPH radical scavenging activity and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity were measured among methanol extracts prepared from natural medicinal plants. Fourteen natural medicinal plants which were reported to have anti -oxidative or anti-inflammatory effects were selected based on our previous report. In addition to the total methanol extracts, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, n-butanol and water fractions were prepared from each total extract. DPPH radical scavenging assay was performed against 14 total extracts and all samples showed dose-dependent activities in various extent. Among those, 6 samples, methanol extracts of Euryale ferox, paeonia suffruticosa, Areca catechu var. dulcissima, Cinnamomun cassia, Alpinia katsumadai and Betula platyphlla var. japonica showed IC$\sub$50/ value lower than 6.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was found in ethylacetate fraction of paeonia suffruticosa with IC$\sub$50/ value of 1.1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. Analysis of lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells revealed that the highest inhibitory effect was observed in methanol extract of Betula platyhpylla var. japonica. Lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity was observed as a dose-dependent manner in all samples used in this study. Among fraction samples, ethylacetate fraction of Alpinia katsumadai had the strongest inhibitory activity with IC$\sub$50/ value of 0.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.601-608
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• 2014

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of green kohlrabi juice (GKJ) and purple kohlrabi juice (PKJ) using various in vitro methods. The results of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reducing power, and nitrite scavenging activities showed that GKJ possessed higher antioxidant activity than PKJ. Green kohlrabi powder (GKJP) and purple kohlrabi powder (PKJP) inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death in human dermal fibroblasts. In addition, GKJP and PKJP suppressed intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by hydrogen peroxide in human dermal fibroblasts. These results suggest that green and purple kohlrabi juices are potential natural sources of antioxidants.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.263-269
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• 2007

Although taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) can inhibit oxidative stress in both animal and epidemiological studies, it is obscure whether taurine directly scavenges oxy-radicals or indirectly regulates oxidant production and/or antioxidant defense system. The reason for this discrepancy remains unknown but may be due, in part, to the lack of a validated assay system for evaluating oxy-radical scavenging capacity. The antioxidant activities of taurine and hypotaurine (2-aminoethanesulfinic acid), a precursor of taurine, against peroxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrites were determined by the total oxy-radical scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay and cell-based assay using H4IIE cells. tert-Butylhydroperoxide or hydrogen peroxide-induced cell toxicity determined by MTT assay was markedly inhibited by 10mM taurine or hypotaurine. The tert-butylhydroperoxide- or hydrogen peroxide-induced changes in oxidative stress markers, such as cellular glutathione and malondialdehyde, were ameliorated by 10mM taurine or hypotaurine. However, specific TOSC values calculated from the slope of the linear regression for taurine against peroxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals or peroxynitrites were all less than 1 TOSC/mM. On the other hand specific TOSC values for hypotaurine against peroxyl radicals, hydroxyl radicals or peroxynitrites were 48, 2096, or 69 TOSC/mM, respectively. These results suggest that taurine protects cells against oxidative insults, which is not ascribed to directly scavenging activity of taurine against oxy-radicals. These results support the idea that the oxidation state of sulfur in antioxidants may be a determinant of oxy-radical scavenging capacity.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.497-508
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• 2020

In this study, we investigated the protective effects of 'Donganme' (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) against oxidative stress under in vitro conditions and in a cellular system using C6 glial cells. The radical scavenging activities were observed using the substrates 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals. The Donganme extract had an •OH radical scavenging activity of 82.66% at a concentration of 100 ㎍·mL^-1. Additionally, when DPPH was used as the substrate, the Donganme extract exhibited a strong radical scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC₅₀ value of 28.56 ㎍·mL^-1. Furthermore, treating C6 glial cells with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) reduced the cell viability and generated reactive of oxygen species (ROS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) compared to the normal levels, indicating that H₂O₂ induced oxidative stress. However, Donganme extracts increased the cell viability and inhibited ROS and LDH production against oxidative stress by H₂O₂ in the C6 glial cells. In particular, it showed effective cell protection with the cell viability, ROS production, and LDH release at 83.50, 88.06, and 14.87%, respectively, which were lower than the control or similar to the normal levels even at a low concentration of 100 ㎍·mL^-1. The present study suggests that the Donganme extract was effective in protecting against oxidative stress in C6 glial cells through its antioxidant activity. Thus, Donganme could be a promising therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative diseases due to oxidative stress.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1311-1318
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• 2015

The effects of fruit maturation on changes in the total phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids of methanolic extracts of Citrus sudachi, in addition to its antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, were determined. Generally, the concentration of these chemical constituents increased as C. sudachi reached maturity. C. sudachi contained high levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, and carotenoids at maturity, contributing 6339.5 mg of gallic acid equivalent per 100 g, 2364.2 mg of rutin equivalent per 100 g, and 678.7 mg/ml, respectively. The scavenging activities of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide radicals and the reducing power of mature fruits were significantly higher at all data points than those of immature fruits (p<0.05). In contrast, the ferrous ion chelating activity of mature and immature C. sudachi fruits was similar. The 50% effective concentrations (EC₅₀) of mature fruits were 4.1±0.10 mg/ml for scavenging DPPH radicals, 3.1±0.02 mg/ml for scavenging hydrogen peroxide, 3.9±0.01 mg/ml for scavenging nitric oxide, and 3.8±0.02 mg/ml for chelating ferrous ion. The antidiabetic activity of C. sudachi was studied in vitro using the α-glucosidase inhibitory method. The inhibitory activity of mature C. sudachi fruits on α-glucosidase was higher than that of immature fruits. These results suggest that the content of bioactive compounds and the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of C. sudachi change during maturation. These findings can be further extended to exploit them for their possible application for the preservation of food products, as well as their use as health supplements and nutraceuticals.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.4434-4442
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• 2011

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reactive and potentially harmful to cells, causing oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA. In humans, the deleterious effects of ROS have been linked with aging, carcinogenesis, and atherosclerosis. In order to investigate an antioxidant activity of wood vinegar by bioconversion, we preferentially analyzed the total acidity, acetic acid, pH, and contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids, respectively. Also, we evaluated the scavenging abilities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, superoxide anion radicals, hydrogen peroxide radicals, and nitric oxide radicals. The total acidity and amount of acetic acid of wood vinegar after bioconversion were lower than those of wood vinegar before bioconversion, but the pH was higher than that of wood vinegar before bioconversion. The contents of total polyphenols and flavonoids of wood vinegar after bioconversion were 11.17 mg/$m{\ell}$ and 0.42 mg/$m{\ell}$, respectively. The $SC_{50}$ values were in order of superoxide anion radical scavenging activity < DPPH radical scavenging activity < hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity < nitric oxide radical scavenging activity. Therefore, these results suggest that wood vinegar by bioconversion can be useful as primary antioxidants for medicines and cosmetics.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1111-1119
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• 2019

Prunus mume, known as maesil in Korea, has been widely cultivated in East Asia and used as medication and food. However, because most of the previous studies concerning P. mume had been investigated its under extract state, detailed studies are still required for its extensive utilization. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activities of solvent fractions of P. mume ethanol extracts. The ethyl acetate fraction showed higher DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity than other fractions. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of ethyl acetate fraction was 67.79%; ABTS radical scavenging activity was 60.03%; reducing power ($OD_{670}$) was 1.26; and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity was 93.18% at $500{\mu}g/ml$. Also, the ethyl acetate and methanol fraction showed effective levels of ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibition activity (69.25% and 72.29% at $500{\mu}g/ml$). Total polyphenol contents and total flavonoid contents of the ethyl acetate fraction were 88.28 mg/g (gallic acid equivalent) and 70.38 mg/g (quercetin equivalent), respectively. These results suggest that the physiological activities of the ethyl acetate fraction are associated with its polyphenol and flavonoid contents. Therefore, this study can be used as basic data for developing natural antioxidants and potential functional material using P. mume.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.1158-1162
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• 2008

In genus Angelica, three species have been used and cultivated for medical material in orient, A. gigas in korea, acutiloba in Japan and sinensis in China. The plant material of Angelica spp. is used for the treatment of women's disease as a hematic. The extracts from A. gigas and acutiloba were fractionated aqueous partitions. And study was performed to examine DPPH scavenging activities, BSA degradadion, anti-apoptosis and NO scavenging. DPPH radical scavenger activity was measured by DPPH method, it was shown dose-dependently effect. and BSA degradadion was shown same result. Treatment of cells with hydrogen peroxide, a reactive oxygen species was to indiced cell death and pretreatment with Angelica gigas and angelica acutiloba extract attenuated the occurrence of $H_2O_2$-induced cell death. In vitro nitric oxide (NO) scavenging effect on Angelica gigas and angelica acutiloba extracts. All extracts effectively reduced the generation of NO radicals in a dose-dependant manner.