• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.419-424
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• 1998

The present study was carried out to examine the efficiency of cloning of transgenic embryos by nuclear transfer(NT) using gene-injected rabbit embryos. The rabbit embryos at pronuclear stage were microinjected with methallothionein-human growth hormone(MT-hGH) gene and cultured to 8- and 16-cell in TCM-199 containing 10% FCS with a monolayer of rabbit oviductal epithelial cells in a 5% $CO_2$incubator. The recipient oocytes were collected from the oviducts 14~16 h after hCG injection. The oocytes were enucleated and activated with 5$\mu$M ionomycin and 2mM 6-dimethylaminopurine. Blastomeres form gene-injected embryos were transferred into the enucleated oocytes by micromanipulation. The nuclear transplant oocytes were electrofused and co-cultured with rabbit oviductal cells. Following 120 h of culture, blastocysts were prepared for gene analysis by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). In previous experiment, the rate of gene-positive embryos detected by the nested PCR analysis was significantly decreased while developing to blastocyst(25%)(Kang et al., 1998). The fusion rate of gene-injected blastomeres was significantly(P＜0.05) lower than non-injected blastomeres(66% vs 80%). However, the NT embryos that were derived from gene-injected donor embryos did not differ from control embryos in development to the blastocyst stage(39% vs 31%). Of the 43 NT blastocysts developed from the gene-injected donor embryos, twelve(28%) were positive for the injected DNA. The results indicate that NT with gene-injected embryos can be successfully used for cloning and multiplication of transgenic embryos, furthermore applicable to improvement of transgenic animal production.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 1985

The changes of acid-base status in vitro of the venous blood for 24 hours in ten Korean native goat were investigated. The acid-base parameters were measured within ten minutes after collection of the blood, and every hour during the first six hours and finally after twenty four hours of storage. Blood samples were stored at two different temperatures ($0-4^{\circ}C$ and $21-24^{\circ}C$). Twelve goats were induced acute acid-base disturbances by intravenous infusion of either hydrochloric acid or sodium bicarbonate and inhalated with $CO_2$ gas mixture (20% $CO_2$, 80% $O_2$) or hyperventilation were performed by means of respirator. The results were as follows; 1. Blood samples could be stored during the first two hours in ice water ($0-4^{\circ}C$) and one hour at room temperature without significant changes in pH. The magnitudes of changes were similar to those of cow, and lower than those of men and dogs. 2. The mean values of acid-base parameters in normal goat were arterial pH, 7.40; $P_{CO_2}$, 35.4mmHg; $HCO_3{^-}$, 21.8mEq/L. 3. Both the base excess and the bicarbonate showed high correlation (r=0.99) during the metabolic disturbance and were represented as $B.E.=1.38\;HCO^-{_3}-29.7$. 4. The slope of blood buffer curve obtained from the in vivo experiment was 16.3mEq/L/pH. 5. The magnitudes of changes in hydrogen ion concentration per unit change of $P_{CO_2}$ were 0.8nM/mmHg in hypercapnia and 1.0nM/mmHg in hypocapnia. 6. The ranges of acid-base parameters in normal goat urine were pH, 6.0-8.1; $P_{CO_2}$, 42-61mmHg; $HCO_3{^-}$, 2-110mEq/L. The concentration of potassium was higher (60-200mEq/L), and that of sodium was lower (8-70mEq/L) than those of human urine.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.84-107
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• 2011

Purposes : The purpose of present study is to detect the effects of ointment contained Takrisodok-Eum on the skin barrier's recovery of the Atopic dermatitis. Methods : A total of 44 patients who visited Semyung Oriental Medical Center from April 27th, 2011 to September 20th, 2011 were included in the study. In this study, the patients were treated with Takrisodok-Eum (experimental group) and positive control group. For 8 weeks of gross examination, hematological examination and instrumental asessment were made before and after the study to examine how well the products for experimental group with those for control group in recovering the damaged skin barriers by Atopic dermatitis. Results : 1. In the primary endpoint, SCORAD Index showed a statistically significant decline in experimental group. 2. In the secondary endpoint index of skin hydration, both the experimental group and the control group showed statistical significance. 3. In the secondary endpoint index of TEWL, the experimental group showed greater statistical significance than the control group. 4. In the secondary endpoint index of skin pH, skin pH showed a statistically significant decline in both the control group and the experimental group within the normal range. 5. In the secondary endpoint index of Total IgE, Eosinophil count, IL-10, IL-13, both the experimental group and the control group showed no statistical significance. 6. To evaluate the safety of the products for the human body, hematological examination and hematological biochemical examination, vital sign check were conducted; both control group and experimental group showed no abnormal level. And There were no severe adverse events during this study. Therefore, it is suggested that the safety of the products, if used for certain period, should be safe for the human body. Conclusions : According to the above experiments, it is suggested that Takrisodok-Eum should be effective for the Atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2006

To understand the comprehensive mechanisms of biological function for insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in vertebrates, we have investigated the cDNA sequence of this gene in the korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). The mature form of korean rockfish IGF-I was found to be comprised of 67 amino acid residues, showing about a 7 kDa molecular weight. In this study, we used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to obtain a korean rockfish IGF-I (KR IGF-I) cDNA fragment, and methods of rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) to obtain a full length of the KR IGF-I sequence. The KR IGF-I encoded for a predicted amino acid sequence showed identities of 93.6 %, 90.7 %, and 85.4 % in comparison with flounder, chinook salmon, and human IGF-I, respectively. To obtain recombinant biologically active polypeptides, korean rockfish B-C-A-D domains were amplified using the PCR, then the isolated cDNA was expressed in the E. coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant KR IGF-I protein biological function was measured by stimulation of [$^3H$] thymidine incorporation, suggesting the cDNA codes for the korean rockfish proIGF-I.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.965-972
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Cheonggukjang extract in in-vitro and in-vivo models. T98G-human glioblastoma cells were pretreated with various concentrations (1~10 mg/mL) of Cheonggukjang extract for 24 h and then exposed to $H_2O_2$ (1 mM) for 3 h. The neuroprotective effects of Cheonggukjang extract were measured using a CCK-8 kit assay, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay. The early stage focal ischemia rodent model was used as the in-vivo neurotoxicity model. Various concentrations (10~200 mg) of Cheonggukjang extract were administered to the animal models for 1 week. Peripheral blood was analyzed for glutathione peroxidase (GPx) expression by ELISA, and infarct volume reduction was analyzed by TTC staining. Cheonggukjang extract significantly (p<0.05) increased cell viability in T98G cells against $H_2O_2$ as well as against the induced neurotoxicity. Indeed, treatment with the Cheonggukjang extract induced a decrease in ROS and LDH expression and increased TAC significantly (p<0.05). However, Cheonggukjang extract did not induce a decrease in infarct volume or an increase in GPx expression in the in-vivo model. Despite the limitation in neuroprotection, Cheonggukjang extract may be useful for treating ROS injury.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.395-401
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• 2019

This paper proposes a method for estimating the location of a magnetized tip that is inside a non-transparent space or body by using arrayed giant magnetoresistance (GMR) sensors. In general, an object located in such an opaque space can be detected using X-rays, magnetic fields, ultra-sonic sensors, etc., depending on its characteristics. X-ray is mostly used for medical purposes but frequent exposure to it could cause harm to patients as well as doctors. In this study, how well a GMR sensor is applicable instead of an X-ray is investigated. The sensor's voltage output is experimentally fitted to distance with a relationship of 3rd degree polynomial. To detect a small magnetized tip with 900 Oe inside a human body, a 2×2 arrayed GMR sensor and a location estimation algorithm based on information acquired from four sensors is developed. Evaluation tests show that the suggested method is applicable to limited cases with a distance less than 33-55 mm, and the location of a magnet tip is estimated relatively well with an error less than 1.5 mm.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.171-174
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• 2007

Neuronal death is a common characteristic hallmark of a variety of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, there have been no effective drugs to successfully prevent neuronal death in those diseases, whereas oriental medicinal plants have to possess valuable therapeutic potentials to treat neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, in an attempt to provide neuroprotective agents from natural plants, 80% methanol extracts of a wide range of medicinal plants, which are native to Jeju Island in Korea, were prepared and their protective effects on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptotic cell death were examined. Among those tested, extracts from Smilax china and Saururus chinesis significantly decreased hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptotic cell death. The extracts attenuated hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$)-induced caspase-3 activation in a dose-dependent manner. Further, plant extracts restored $H_2O_2$-induced depletion of intracellular glutathione, a major endogenous antioxidant. The data suggest that Jeju native medicinal plants could potentially be used as therapeutic agents for treating or preventing neurodegenerative diseases in which oxidative stress is implicated.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.361-368
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• 2007

Biological samples can be fixed either by chemical method by using chemical solution or physical methods by using heat treatment. The problem in traditional heat fixation is unsatisfactory quality due to uneven heat conduction in specimen and loss of inner cell contents. Chemical fixation method also bears several intrinsic problems like the limit in specimen size, time consumption in fixative impregnation, and loss of low molecular weight cell components. These factors deteriorate the quality of fixed specimen, thus limit the magnification and contrast of tissue pictures. Microwave heat has been reported to be a good alternative to current chemical methods to overcome these problem. In this study, we tried to introduce the microwave energy method to routine fixation work in hospital. We replaced chemical fixative with saline to provide moderate reaction condition, and used frozen section to reduce time for sample preparation. Temperature was measured at each experiment. The fixation of rat kidney tissue with 2.45 GHz electromagnetic wave and saline showed similar result to the control group fixed with traditional chemical method. Human tumor tissue fixed with 2.45 GHz electromagnetic in frozen section was improved in terms of histochemistry of PAS and immunohistochemistry of tumor marker like cytokeratin. Total turnaround time was reduced from $24\sim38$ h to to $2\sim4$ h. In conclusion, the quality of samples prepared by microwave heating method was at least as good as that of traditional method. If the condition for the fixation of different specimens is standardized, this new method could be applied to routine work in hospital, and could save working time as well.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.453-456
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• 2001

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of extracts from cultured hairy roots of R. undulatum on human kidney epithelial cells. Hairy roots were induced by a co-culture with A. rhizogenes ATCCl5834 and cultured in WPM medium. The cytotoxicity was measured by colorimetric assay using 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl-2H -tetrazolium bromide (MTT), neutral red (NR) and sulforhodamine protein B (SRB) with human kidney epithelial cell lines A498. MTT, NR and SRB quantities decreased propotionally in cultured A498 cells treated with the water or chloroform extracts of cultured hairy roots at increasing concentrations. These results suggest that extracts of cultured hairy 개ots are cytotoxic on human epithelial cells. The cytotoxicity of chloroforrm fraction was stronger than that of water fraction. The values of $MTT_{50}$, $NR_{50}$, $SRB_{50}$ of the extracts of chloroform fraction and those of water fraction were measured to be 289.3${\mu}g$/ml, 302.7${\mu}g$/ml. 433.8${\mu}g$/ml and 475.8${\mu}g$/ml. 428.3${\mu}g$/ml, 549.5${\mu}g$/ml in A498 cell line.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2019

This study was carried out to evaluate antimicrobial effects of a mixture of resin fractionated ethanol extract of Eucalyptus globulus, Yucca recurvifolia, and tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia). The plant fraction mixture showed low minimum inhibitory concentration (0.24~3.32 mg/ml) against several bacteria and yeast that usually used as the target skin microbes in a cosmetic industry, and it was more effective than antibiotics, triclosan and ampicillin. In a time-kill assay the plant fraction mixture reduced more than 92% of microbial populations during 4 h, and significantly increased leakage of nucleotides from all microorganisms tested. Antimicrobial effect of the plant fraction mixture was not affected by divalent cation ($Mg^{2+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$). These results suggest that the fraction mixture of ethanol extracts of E. globulus, Y. recurvifolia, and M. alternifolia may be utilized as an efficient preservative in cosmetics to prevent contamination by human skin microbes.