• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.660-665
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• 2002

In Korea, an olive flounder is very popular fish food item. However, due to the increasing human population, the present catches of the olive flounder may not be sufficient to satisfy the present demand. To increase the supply of the olive flounder, aquaculture has been begun. An interest in the aquaculture of the olive flounder has been increased recently because of its characteristics of good growth and high price in the market, However, the productivity of the olive flounder aquaculture depends on economic inputs such as fuels, facilities, and labor. The rapid growths of the olive flounder aquaculture and the concerns about economic and ecological sustainability have focused peoples attention on the aquaculture industry. In this study, an energy systems model was built to simulate the variation of sustainability on the aquaculture of olive flounder, The results of simulation based on calibration data in 1995 show that olive flounder production yield and asset slowly increase to steady state because of the law of supply and demand. The results of simulation based on the variation of oil price show that the more increase the oil price, the more decrease the olive flounder economic yield and asset. Energy sources required for systems determine the sustainability of systems. Conclusionally, the present systems of the olive flounder aquaculture should be transformed to ecological-recycling systems or ecological engineering systems which depend on renewable resources rather than aquaculture systems which depend on fossil fuels, and be harmonized with the fishing fisheries by the sustainable use of renewable resources in the carrying capacity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.12-19
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• 2015

$CO_2$ is non-flammable, non-toxic gas and not cause of chemical explosion. However, various impurities and some oxides can be included in the captured $CO_2$ inevitably. While the $CO_2$ gas was temporarily stored, the pressure in a storage tank would be reached above 100bar. Therefore, the tank could occur a physical explosion due to the corrosion of vessel or uncertainty. Evaluating the intensity of explosion can be calculated by the TNT equivalent method generally used. To describe the physical explosion, it is assumed that the capacity of a $CO_2$ temporary container is about 100 tons. In this work, physical explosion damage in a $CO_2$ storage tank is estimated by using the Hopkinson's scaling law and the injury effect of human body caused by the explosion is assessed by the probit model.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.438-444
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• 2011

Purpose: Adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) are readily harvested from lipoaspirated tissue or subcutaneous adipose tissue fragments. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a heterogeneous set of cell populations that surround and support adipose tissue, which includes the stromal cells, ASCs, that have the ability to differentiate into cells of several lineages and contains cells from the microvasculature. The mechanisms that drive the ASCs into the osteoblast lineage are still not clear, but the process has been more extensively studied in bone marrow stromal cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the osteogenic capacity of adipose derived SVF cells and evaluate bone formation following implantation of SVF cells into the bone defect of human phalanx. Methods: Case 1 a 43-year-old male was wounded while using a press machine. After first operation, segmental bone defects of the left 3rd and 4th middle phalanx occurred. At first we injected the SVF cells combined with demineralized bone matrix (DBM) to defected 4th middle phalangeal bone lesion. We used P (L/DL)LA [Poly (70L-lactide-co-30DL-lactide) Co Polymer P (L/DL)LA] as a scaffold. Next, we implanted the SVF cells combined with DBM to repair left 3rd middle phalangeal bone defect in sequence. Case 2 was a 25-year-old man with crushing hand injury. Three months after the previous surgery, we implanted the SVF cells combined with DBM to restore right 3rd middle phalangeal bone defect by syringe injection. Radiographic images were taken at follow-up hospital visits and evaluated radiographically by means of computerized analysis of digital images. Results: The phalangeal bone defect was treated with autologous SVF cells isolated and applied in a single operative procedure in combination with DBM. The SVF cells were supported in place with mechanical fixation with a resorbable macroporous sheets acting as a soft tissue barrier. The radiographic appearance of the defect revealed a restoration to average bone density and stable position of pharyngeal bone. Densitometric evaluations for digital X-ray revealed improved bone densities in two cases with pharyngeal bone defects, that is, 65.2% for 4th finger of the case 1, 60.5% for 3rd finger of the case 1 and 60.1% for the case 2. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that adipose derived stromal vascular fraction cells have osteogenic potential in two clinical case studies. Thus, these reports show that cells from the SVF cells have potential in many areas of clinical cell therapy and regenerative medicine, albeit a lot of work is yet to be done.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.311-318
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• 2013

Schisandra chinensis containing a variety of pharmacologically active lignans has been traditionally used in oriental medicine. In this study, anti-inflammatory compounds were screened from the hexane extracts of S. chinensis by activity-guided fractionation. First, we investigated the regulatory effects on the expression of E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) with 38 fractions from the hexane extracts of S. chinensis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). As a result, SCKH1 among the 38 fractions from the hexane extract of S. chinensis was selected for further analysis based on its unique regulatory effect on cell adhesion molecules, especially on VCAM-1, in LPS-stimulated HUVECs. The subsequent activity-guided fractionation of SCKH1 resulted in the purification of SCKH1PAIBPB, which was found to suppress the expression of VCAM-1, MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-8 in HUVECs stimulated with LPS, and to inhibit the adhesive capacity between HUVECs and monocytes. Taken together, our data indicate that SCKH1PAIBPB can be proposed as an effective anti-inflammatory compound that may have a potential therapeutic use for the prevention and treatment of various inflammatory diseases as well as ischemic vascular diseases.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.116-125
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• 2009

This study is progressed function ratio, it's trued taste by an experiment to present data for human work light weight aggregate development that use clink ash progressed liquid limit, small success limit, wear loss in quantity, sand equivalent, sieve cutting examination. 80 : 20's match of function rain examination is 1.4, and that use rubble Goljae as ckink ash lightweight aggregate's capacity ratio increases by 1.0 increase of function rain many. Also, examination multiplied delicate flavor gradually according to increase of the mixing rate, and absorption coefficient increased. This is judged by phenomenon that appear by special quality upper clink ash of polystyrene bid and porosity's increase between lightweight aggregate. It is case that use aggregate of wear loss in quantity is 13.5 in sand equivalent and a wear loss in quantity experiment and although case that mix 20% increases by 14.4, this phenomenon by weak tissue of lightweight aggergate be judge. When it's as a these experiment, the statue prevention floor of a street improvement specifications is prescribing so that satisfy by sand equivalent 20, CBR 10. This is showed result that this satisfies in quality standard all in match experiment ago that see.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.3312-3318
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• 2014

For the sunscreen development from natural resources, a possible usage of microalgal extracts or mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) was investigated. Sunscreens containing 7% of microalgal extracts or MAAs derived from microalgae, Chlamydomonas hedleyi, were prepared and they were applied to human research. Through this clinical research, the values of Sun Protection Factors, Sun Protector Factor (SPF) and Protection Factor of UVA (PFA), of sunscreen containing microalgal extracts or MAAs were determined: SPF values of microalgal extracts and MAAs indicated 9.07 and 9.42, respectively, while PFA ones did 2.43 and 2.41. Due to more than 2 of PFA value in both sunscreens, they can be classified into [PA+]. Taken together, although sunscreen containing microalgae-derived extracts or MAAs does not effectively protect UV irradiation, its capacity can be satisfied if inorganic UV-protecting compounds are added.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.307-316
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• 2008

The purpose of the study was to investigate nutritional status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and to find out the differences according to the stages of disease. From March to October, 2006, 41 stable male patients of mild to severe COPD patients were recruited from Seoul National University hospital. The patients' of body weight and fat free mass were assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The nutritional status of the patients was also assessed by 3-day recall, index of nutritional quality (INQ), dietary diversity score (DDS), dietary variety score (DVS), food group index pattern and dietary quality index (DQI). The total of 41 patients were classified into three groups, stage I, stage II and stage III groups according to the classification of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) standard. The mean age of the patients in each stage were 67.2-66.9 years showing no significant difference. The ratio of $FEV_1$/FVC were $57.5{\pm}7.3$, $46.9{\pm}7.6$ and $38.2{\pm}6.8%$, respectively showing significant differences according to the stages of disease. The fat free mass of the stage II ($48.2{\pm}4.7kg$) and III ($47.3{\pm}4.5kg$) was significantly lower than that of stage I ($53.1{\pm}6.9kg$) patients. There were significant correlation of fat free mass with $FEV_{1}$, and BMI (body mass index) with $FEV_{1}$/FVC ratio (p < 0.05). COPD patients showed the diet-related clinical symptoms of anorexia, dyspnea, dyspepsia, and chewing difficulty. Daily intakes of calorie, K, vitamin $B_2$ and folate of the patients were very low ($83.8{\pm}20.7%$, $58.9{\pm}14.4%$, $70.7{\pm}19.6%$ and $74.4{\pm}10.2%$, respectively) however, they did not significantly different according to the stages of disease. Daily intake of calcium was significantly lower in the stage III patients (p < 0.05). The mean scores of dietary variety score was significantly lower in the stage III patients (p < 0.001). Dietary quality index of the patients were not different among the stages of disease and the scores indicated poor quality of diet. As a summary, we found that body fat free mass, regularity of exercise, frequency of having snacks and dietary variety score were significantly associated with the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.42 no.11
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• pp.763-772
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• 2019

Periodontitis is characterized by the loss of periodontal tissues, especially alveolar bone. Common therapies cannot satisfactorily recover lost alveolar bone. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) possess the capacity of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation and are likely to recover lost alveolar bone. In addition, periodontitis is accompanied by hypoxia, and hypoxia-inducible $factor-1{\alpha}$ ($HIF-1{\alpha}$) is a master transcription factor in the response to hypoxia. Thus, we aimed to ascertain how hypoxia affects runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), a key osteogenic marker, in the osteogenesis of PDLSCs. In this study, we found that hypoxia enhanced the protein expression of $HIF-1{\alpha}$, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and RUNX2 ex vivo and in situ. VEGF is a target gene of $HIF-1{\alpha}$, and the increased expression of VEGF and RUNX2 proteins was enhanced by cobalt chloride ($CoCl_2$, $100{\mu}mol/L$), an agonist of $HIF-1{\alpha}$, and suppressed by 3-(5'-hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl)-1-benzyl indazole (YC-1, $10{\mu}mol/L$), an antagonist of $HIF-1{\alpha}$. In addition, VEGF could regulate the expression of RUNX2, as RUNX2 expression was enhanced by human VEGF ($hVEGF_{165}$) and suppressed by VEGF siRNA. In addition, knocking down VEGF could decrease the expression of osteogenesis-related genes, i.e., RUNX2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and type I collagen (COL1), and hypoxia could enhance the expression of ALP, COL1, and osteocalcin (OCN) in the early stage of osteogenesis of PDLSCs. Taken together, our results showed that hypoxia could mediate the expression of RUNX2 in PDLSCs via $HIF-1{\alpha}$-induced VEGF and play a positive role in the early stage of osteogenesis of PDLSCs.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.59-68
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• 2021

As artificial intelligence(AI) technologies, which have made rapid growth recently, began to be applied to the marine environment such as ships, there have been active researches on the application of CNN-based models specialized for digital videos. In E-Navigation service, which is combined with various technologies to detect floating objects of clash risk to reduce human errors and prevent fires inside ships, real-time processing is of huge importance. More functions added, however, mean a need for high-performance processes, which raises prices and poses a cost burden on shipowners. This study thus set out to propose a method capable of processing information at a high rate while maintaining the accuracy by applying Quantization techniques of a deep learning model. First, videos were pre-processed fit for the detection of floating matters in the sea to ensure the efficient transmission of video data to the deep learning entry. Secondly, the quantization technique, one of lightweight techniques for a deep learning model, was applied to reduce the usage rate of memory and increase the processing speed. Finally, the proposed deep learning model to which video pre-processing and quantization were applied was applied to various embedded boards to measure its accuracy and processing speed and test its performance. The proposed method was able to reduce the usage of memory capacity four times and improve the processing speed about four to five times while maintaining the old accuracy of recognition.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2019

This study analyzed operating condition and the problems of damage compensation insunace (property insurance) for qualified architect and derived some suggsetions for improvement. The Certified Architects Act requires all building design and construction supervision to buy property insurance. This study proposes following suggestions to solve problems of current architect property insurance. Firstly, we need to increase the insurance purchasing rate of damage compensation insurance for qualified architect. It is necessary to clearly specify the matters concerning the submission of insurance policies by the architects, which is currently carried out by the Minister's official letter, in the form of official announcement. Secondly, proper insured amount should be adjusted. In order to insured substantial compensation capacity, total amount of insurance should be enlarged. Thirdly, the insurance period should be extended to one year after completion of building to allow compensation for accidents due to design negligence. Generally, the design defect can mostly be identified within one year after completion. Fourthly, insurance coverage should be extended. In the long run, it is essential to enlarge the scope of the security not only to property damage but also to human losses. Finally, an accident record sharing system should be established among insurance companies, so that proper insurance premiums or discounts can be made based on the system.