• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1317-1341
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• 2021

Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) is adopted to enable effective and smooth communication among different networks. In some specific application, the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are used in IoT to gather peculiar data without the interaction of human. The WSNs are self-organizing in nature, so it mostly prefer multi-hop data forwarding. Thus to achieve better communication, a cross-layer routing strategy is preferred. In the cross-layer routing strategy, the routing processed through three layers such as transport, data link, and physical layer. Even though effective communication achieved via a cross-layer routing strategy, energy is another constraint in WSN assisted IoT. Cluster-based communication is one of the most used strategies for effectively preserving energy in WSN routing. This paper proposes a Bio-inspired cross-layer routing (BiHCLR) protocol to achieve effective and energy preserving routing in WSN assisted IoT. Initially, the deployed sensor nodes are arranged in the form of a grid as per the grid-based routing strategy. Then to enable energy preservation in BiHCLR, the fuzzy logic approach is executed to select the Cluster Head (CH) for every cell of the grid. Then a hybrid bio-inspired algorithm is used to select the routing path. The hybrid algorithm combines moth search and Salp Swarm optimization techniques. The performance of the proposed BiHCLR is evaluated based on the Quality of Service (QoS) analysis in terms of Packet loss, error bit rate, transmission delay, lifetime of network, buffer occupancy and throughput. Then these performances are validated based on comparison with conventional routing strategies like Fuzzy-rule-based Energy Efficient Clustering and Immune-Inspired Routing (FEEC-IIR), Neuro-Fuzzy- Emperor Penguin Optimization (NF-EPO), Fuzzy Reinforcement Learning-based Data Gathering (FRLDG) and Hierarchical Energy Efficient Data gathering (HEED). Ultimately the performance of the proposed BiHCLR outperforms all other conventional techniques.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.45-55
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• 2002

In this paper, we describe an outdoor augmented reality system using GPS tracking for position and attitude information. The system consist of a remote mobile operation unit and a ground operation unit. The remote mobile operation unit includes a real-time image acquiring device, a GPS tracking device, and a wireless data transceiver; the ground operation unit includes a wireless transceiver, a virtual image generating device, and an image superimposing device. The GPS tracking device for measurement of position and attitude of the remote mobile operation unit was designed by TANS Vector and RT-20 for DGPS. The wireless data transceiver was for data transmission between the remote mobile operation unit and the ground operation unit. After the remote mobile operation unit was installed on a vehicle and a helicopter, the system was evaluated to verify its validity in actual applications. It was found that the implemented system could be used for obtaining real-time remote information such as construction simulation, tour guide, broadcasting, disaster observation, or military purpose.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.12 no.2 s.46
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

The facial modeling and animation technology had been studied in computer graphics field. The facial modeling technology is utilized much in virtual reality research purpose of MPEG-4 and so on and movie, advertisement, industry field of game and so on. Therefore, the development of 3D facial model that can do interaction with human is essential to little more realistic interface. We developed realistic and convenient 3D facial modeling system that using a optional facial image only. This system allows easily fitting to optional facial image by using the Korean standard facial model (generic model). So it generates intuitively 3D facial model as controling control points elastically after fitting control points on the generic model wire to the optional facial image. We can confirm and modify the 3D facial model by movement, magnify, reduce and turning. We experimented with 30 facial images of $630{\times}630$ sizes to verify usefulness of system that developed.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.51-56
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• 2023

Hand gesture recognition is an essential technology for the people who have difficulties using spoken language to communicate. Electromyogram (EMG), which is often utilized for hand gesture recognition, is expected to have difficulties in hand gesture recognition because its people's movements varies depending on prior postures, but the study on this subject is rare. In this study, we conducted tests to confirm if the prior postures affect on the accuracy of gesture recognition. Data were recorded from 20 subjects with different prior postures. We achieved average accuracies of 89.6% and 52.65% when the prior states between the training and test data were unique and different, respectively. The accuracy was increased when both prior states were considered, which confirmed the need to consider a variety of prior states in hand gesture recognition with EMG.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1795-1801
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• 2018

Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) have been used to identify susceptibility genes for complex human diseases and many recent studies succeed to report common genetic factors for various diseases. Unfortunately, it is hard to understand all biological functions and mechanisms around the complex disease with GWAS only although the number of known associated genes with diseases is increased drastically because GWAS is a single locus based approach while not a gene but numerous factors may affect a disease associated pathways. PRaDA generates a combined report with genes, pathways and Gene Ontology (GO) using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis output. The PRaDA reports not only directly associated pathways but also functionally related ones for identifying accumulated effects of low p-value SNPs. Through integrated information including indirect functional effects, user could have insights of overall disease mechanisms and markers.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.553-564
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• 2012

Tangible user interfaces have been developed in the area of Human-Computer Interaction for the last decades, however, the applied domains recently have been extended into the product design and interactive art. Tangible User Interfaces are the combination of digital information and physical objects or environments, thus they provide tangible and intuitive interaction as input and output devices, often combined with Augmented Reality. The research developed a design guideline for tangible user interfaces based on key properties of tangible user interfaces defined previously in five representative research: Tangible Interaction, Intuitiveness and Convenience, Expressive Representation, Context-aware and Spatial Interaction, and Social Interaction. Using the guideline emphasizing user interaction, this research evaluated installation in a science museum in terms of the applied characteristics of tangible user interfaces. The selected 15 installations which were evaluated are to educate visitors for science by emphasizing manipulation and experience of interfaces in those installations. According to the input devices, they are categorized into four Types. TUI properties in Type 3 installation, which uses body motions for interaction, shows the highest score, where items for context-aware and spatial interaction were highly rated. The context-aware and spatial interaction have been recently emphasized as extended properties of tangible user interfaces. The major type of installation in the science museum is equipped with buttons and joysticks for physical manipulation, thus multimodal interfaces utilizing visual, aural, tactile senses etc need to be developed to provide more innovative interaction. Further, more installation need to be reconfigurable for embodied interaction between users and the interactive space. The proposed design guideline can specify the characteristics of tangible user interfaces, thus this research can be a basis for the development and application of installation involving more TUI properties in future.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.393-400
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• 2013

Hand shape recognition is a fundamental technique for implementing natural human-computer interaction. In this paper, we discuss a method for effectively detecting a hand region in Kinect-based hand shape recognition. Since Kinect is a camera that can capture color images and infrared images (or depth images) together, both images can be exploited for the process of detecting a hand region. That is, a hand region can be detected by finding pixels having skin colors or by finding pixels having a specific depth. Therefore, after analyzing the performance of each, we need a method of properly combining both to clearly extract the silhouette of hand region. This is because the hand shape recognition rate depends on the fineness of detected silhouette. Finally, through comparison of hand shape recognition rates resulted from different hand region detection methods in general environments, we propose a high-performance hand region detection method.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.179-186
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a head detection method based on vertical and horizontal pixel histogram analysis in order to overcome drawbacks of the previous head detection approach using Haar-like feature-based face detection. In the proposed method, we create the vertical and horizontal foreground pixel histogram images from the background subtraction image, which represent the number of foreground pixels in the same vertical or horizontal position. Then we extract feature points of a head region by applying Harris corner detection method to the foreground pixel histogram images and by analyzing corner points. The proposal method shows robust head detection results even in the face image covering forelock by hairs or the back view image in which the previous approaches cannot detect the head regions.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 2018

The technology convergence of television, communication, and computing devices enables the rich social and entertaining experience through Smart TV in personal living space. The powerful smart TV computing platform allows to provide various user interaction interfaces like IR remote control, web based control, body gesture based control, etc. The presently used smart TV interaction user control methods are not efficient and user-friendly to access different type of media content and services and strongly required advanced way to control and access to the smart TV with easy user interface. This paper propose the optical wireless communication (OWC) based remote controller design for Smart TV using smart device Flashlights. In this approach, the user smart device act as a remote controller with touch based interactive smart device application and transfer the user control interface data to smart TV trough Flashlight using visible light communication method. The smart TV built-in camera follows the optical camera communication (OCC) principle to decode data and control smart TV user access functions according. This proposed method is not harmful as radio frequency (RF) radiation does it on human health and very simple to use as well user does need to any gesture moves to control the smart TV.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.793-800
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• 2019

Recently, VR technology has been able to enjoy VR content using HMD due to changes in hardware and displays. VR video contents and HMD are becoming interactive through human senses and computer interfaces. Based on flow based on VR user's perspective, VR video contents and HMD were approached as subjects for continuous use. The components of the independent variable Flow were set up in real life, immersion, and interaction. Data from 400 male and female users of 450 users commissioned by the survey agency were used in the study. Research shows that first flow influences VR video contents and continuous use. Second, flow has been shown to affect HMD and its continued use. Among the flow factors that enhance the persistence of VR video content and HMD, which act as the greatest influence was studied. Through this research, the company aims to help establish direction of the next-generation VR industry