• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.68-79
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• 2012

This study examines features in using Japanese apricots that assume a leading place with a special symbolism among various species of trees adopted to traditional gardens from a landscaping view. Specific aspects of how Japanese apricots were adopted to traditional gardens are as follows. First, while Japanese apricots are used in modern landscape space, there traditionally were six types in use of Japanese apricots as Tammae(探梅) Jungmae(庭梅) Bunmae(盆梅) Byoungmae(甁梅) Chomae(造梅) and Mukmae(墨梅). Second, Japanese apricots planted in gardens[庭梅] were placed mainly in a front yard of Sarang-Chae(the men's part of a traditional house) took a central area because symbolism and ornamental values of Japanese apricots suited what classical scholars sought. Preferred planting sites at that time include south of the building, the yard of Sarang-Chae, space in front of windows and next to fences and waterside. Third, Japanese apricots in traditional gardens were planted in five ways; Dansik(單植) Daesik(對植) Gunsik(群植) Yeolsik(列植) Honsik(混植). Dansik was the most common way in planting Japanese apricots and Daesik intended to enhance orderedness and symbolism of space. Japanese apricots for appreciating in an open field took the form of Gunsik in general but Honsik was also used with species of special symbolism. This study offers an opportunity to grasp traditional planting methods of Japanese apricots based on understanding of cultural aspects of Japanese apricots by focusing on Japanese apricots, the representative traditional species of trees. Results of the study would help to recognize the need to newly understand Japanese apricots and be useful information to plant and use Japanese apricots in a traditional way.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.185-199
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• 2019

Korea's facility horticulture has developed remarkably in a short period of time. However, in order to secure international competitiveness in response to unfavorable surrounding conditions such as high operating costs and market opening, it is necessary to diagnose the problems of facility horticulture and prepare countermeasures through analysis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the case of leading farmers by introducing information and communication technology (ICT) in hydroponic cultivation agriculture and horticulture, and to examine how agricultural technology utilizing smart farm and big data of facility horticulture contribute to farm productivity. Crop growth information gathering and analysis solutions were developed to analyze the productivity change factors calculated from hydroponics tomato farms and strawberry farms. The results of this study are as follows. The application range of the leaf temperature was verified to be variously utilized such as house ventilation in the facility, opening and closing of the insulation curtain, and determination of the initial watering point and the ending time point. Second, it is necessary to utilize water content information of crop growth. It was confirmed that the crop growth rate information can confirm whether the present state of crops is nutrition or reproduction, and can control the water content artificially according to photosynthesis ability. Third, utilize EC and pH information of crops. Depending on the crop, EC values should be different according to climatic conditions. It was confirmed that the current state of the crops can be confirmed by comparing EC and pH, which are measured from the supplied EC, pH and draining. Based on the results of this study, it can be confirmed that the productivity of smart farm can be affected by how to use the information of measurement growth.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 2013

In this study, the anthracite coal being used as fuel in Korea were classified into different types. These types include the domestically produced anthracite, imported anthracite used as raw material, and imported anthracite used as fuel. Each of the calorific values and greenhouse gas emission factors were calculated. The calculation of greenhouse gas emission factors resulted in the domestically produced anthracite as $111,477{\pm}4,508kg\;CO_2/TJ$, the imported anthracite used as raw material as $108,358{\pm}4,033kg\;CO_2/TJ$, and anthracite used as fuel was displayed as $103,927{\pm}8,367kg\;CO_2/TJ$. Additionally, the amount of greenhouse gas emission based on these calculated emission factors was displayed as $6,216,942ton\;CO_2$, which resulted as 12.7% lower than the green house gas emission amount which was calculated without distinguishing anthracite coal in details. Therefore, collecting activity data through a detailed classification of anthracites facilitate a more accurate calculation of greenhouse gas emission amount compared to collecting activity data through combination. Furthermore, since the anthracite coal used domestically possesses characteristics differing from the anthracite coal proposed by the IPCC, anthracite coal should be classified for each purpose and calculated for the improvement of the national greenhouse gas inventory.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.105-112
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• 2018

This study aims to apply 3D scanning technology to the field of landscape planning design. Through this, 3D scans were conducted on Soswaewon Garden and Seongrakwon Gardens to find directions for traditional landscape planning and designs. The results as follows. First, the actual measurement of the traditional garden through a 3D scan confirmed that a precise three-dimensional modeling of ${\pm}3-5mm$ error was constructed through the merging of coordinate values based on point data acquired at each observation point and postprocessing. Second, as a result of the 3D survey, the Soswaewon Garden obtained survey data on Jewoldang House, Gwangpunggak Pavilion, the surrounding wall, stone axis, and Aeyangdan wall, while the Seongnakwon Garden obtained survey data on the topography, rocks and waterways around the Yeongbyeokji pond area. The above data have the advantage of being able to monitor the changing appearance of the garden. Third, spatial information developed through 3D scans could be developed with a three-dimensional drawing preparation and inspection tool that included precise real-world data, and this process ensured the economic feasibility of time and manpower in the actual survey and investigation of landscaping space. In addition, modelling with a three-dimensional 1:1 scale is expected to be highly efficient in that reliable spatial data can be maintained and reprocessed to a specific size depending on the size of the design. In addition, from a long-term perspective, the deployment of 3D scan data is easy to predict and simulate changes in traditional landscaping space over time.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.68-79
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• 2021

The recent occurrence of vacant houses in urban areas is a remarkable social problem. One of the physical declines, the occurrence of vacant houses, accelerates various social and economic declines, such as a decline in population and a slump in the commercial district. Vacant houses have regional characteristics and spatial influence, and it is necessary to approach them locally in order to grasp the exact status of vacant houses. Therefore, in this study, the effect of urban decline on the occurrence of vacant homes was examined by region using global Moran's I and Geographic Weighted Regression(GWR) model. As a result of the analysis, there were spatial autocorrelation and heterogeneity in the occurrence of vacant houses in each eup·myeon·dong, Busan metropolitan city. In addition, there is a difference in the influence of each variable of urban decline on the occurrence of vacant houses, and even the same variable of urban decline has different effects on the occurrence of vacant houses in different regions. Therefore, it is expected that a more efficient vacant home management plan can be presented if the GWR model is used to analyze the coefficient values differentiated by region and categorize the occurrence of vacant houses.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.203-211
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• 2021

Recently, the insulaton design standards for reducing the energy use of buildings have been strengthened. Althoug insulation work is the most cost-effective method for reducing the primary energy consumption per unit area of a building, there are no evaluation criteria for insulation performance at the time of construction and completion inspection. The purpose of this study is to provide objective data by establishing a standard for an analysis method and a method for easily experimenting with the exterior wall thermal transmittance of an apartment house using a thermal transmittance measuring device(TESTO 435). For the exterior wall of the test subject, the specific heat per unit area exceeded 20kJ/(m²·K), and the data at the end point suitable for ISO 9869-1 were analyzed by the average method. The measured values of the thermal transmittance for 3 consecutive days converged within +5% of the desing value, and the standard deviation of the thermal transmittance by day decreased in the order of 1-Day > 3-Day > 2-Day. The standard deviation of the thermal transmittance by time period decreased in the order of 00:00~24:00 < 19:00~07:00 < 00:00~07:00. The measured value of the thermal transmittance for the time perion of 00:00 to 07:00 per day almost coincided with an error of -3% to + 2% compare to the desing value.

• Korean small business review
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.51-83
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• 2021

This study empirically examined how the technology innovation competence of the 4th Industrial Revolution Enterprises affects management performance. It also analyzed whether there would be any difference in business performance between the 4th Industrial Revolution Enterprises and the non-4th Industrial Revolution Enterprises. The samples for analysis were analyzed using in-situ data of 2,543 enterprises classified as technical innovation enterprises and the 4th Industrial Revolution Enterprises through Korea Technology Finance Corporation's in-house technical evaluation. Variables for technology innovation competence were analyzed using variables such as the size of manpower of research and development, the level of research and development organizations, the number of intellectual property rights, the ratio of intangible assets, the amount of knowledge properties, the amount of research and development investment, and the intensiveness degree of research and development. In terms of the impact of the 4th Industrial Revolution Enterprises' technology innovation competence on business performance, all factors except for the level of research and development organizations were found to affect business performance, which supported the study hypothesis. In particular, it was confirmed that the amount of knowledge properties has had a relatively greater impact on business performance. In addition, the average comparative analysis between the 4th Industrial Revolution Enterprises and the non-4th Industrial Revolution Enterprises confirmed that the 4th Industrial Revolution Enterprises conducted higher values in the business performance.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.297-303
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• 2022

Background: This retrospective study aimed to determine whether there were correlations between the number and type of accompanying symptoms of peripheral facial nerve palsy, and surface electromyography (SEMG) and clinical assessment scales to help diagnosis. Methods: There were 30, cases of peripheral facial nerve palsy at Visit 1 to the Korean Medicine Hospital, Dong-eui University, 22 cases at Visit 2 and 10 cases at Visit 3. The study period was from July 19, 2021 to November 31, 2021. Symptoms were evaluated three times (with two-week intervals which began 7 days from onset) using SEMG, clinical assessment scales and accompanying symptoms. In this study, the House-Brackmann grading system (HBGS), and the Yanagihara's unweighted grading system (Y-score) clinical assessment scales were used. The Pearson or Spearman correlation was used for statistical analysis. Results: On Visit 1, the number of accompanying symptoms of peripheral facial nerve palsy had no significant correlation with other measures. On Visits 1-3, the HBGS score had a significant negative correlation with the Y-score. On Visit 2, most of the mean values measured had significant correlations with each other although not between SEMG-Z and SEMG-O that Z means a zygomaticus muscle and O means a orbicularis oris muscle. On Visit 3, the number of accompanying symptoms significantly correlated with the clinical assessment scales. The HBGS score, Y-score, and SEMG measurements (except SEMG-Z) had significant correlations with each other. A significant positive correlation between SEMG-Z and SEMG-T was noted. Conclusion: We predict accompanying symptoms can be used to diagnose the peripheral facial nerve palsy including both clinical assessment scales and SEMG measurements at 2-5 weeks after onset.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.367-389
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• 2011

The aesthetic attitude, in general or in particular, represented in matters of taste through aesthetic ideas and value judgments postulates a certain literary logic. And this literary logic reveals itself a sense of morality, philosophy, or moral aesthetic consciousness through the moments of act and thought demonstrated in the characters invented in literary works. Henry James, among many others, offers a very special cultural paradigm for transnational argument because of his diverse ways of shaping transatlantic relations in terms of aesthetic consciousness. And this international paradigm produced varied expressions referring to Henry James as "an American expatriate," "an Anglicized American artist," "a Europeanized aesthete," "a cosmopolitan intelligence," "a bohemian cosmopolitan" to designate his literary career and its characteristics shaped in Europe. Such expressions resonate with Transatlantic Sketches, James's first collection on travel and cultures in 1875 which heralded his long "expatriation" in terms of self-distantiation. James's temperament of mind, far from being always identified with shared values within an ideological framework, never avoided friction with fixed ideas but rather absorbed it fully for another friction which intervenes in his house of fiction. My question arises here regarding his cultural belonging or dislocation: where is the place of his mind or what could be his ultimate destination? In this essay, I'd like to define a place or rather the place of James's literary mind by proving a certain "sympathetic justice" for his literary logic. For this purpose, I'll try to examine: how James used transatlantic perspective, a spatio-temporal assessment to formulate his moral aesthetic consciousness; and how the aesthetic framework functions in assessing his literary logic of aesthetic consciousness. To start with the first argument, I'll analyze some essential aspects of aesthetic attitude of his characters to postulate a persona capable of theorizing James's aestheticism conditioned by the transatlantic context. And for the second argument, I'll examine how the persona functions in formulating a proper cultural stance of James's aesthetic consciousness in transatlantic perspective to illuminate the way of how Jamesian individuality reflects the American mind. This process of theorizing a place of James's own will lead, I hope, to our discovering James's ultimate destination on the assumption that it'll prove or create a certain "sympathetic justice" for his humanist aestheticism, a Jamesian absolute morality.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.617-636
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• 2023

The goal of this study was to explain the phenomenon of making efforts to overcome the need-reality collision as a cultural characteristic of Koreans. Specifically, we examined whether the behavior varies depending on the degree of relational agency in the situation where conflicts between one's needs and reality have occurred. To this end, a total of 217 participants participated in the online experiment, and the data of 156 participants were finally analyzed. After responding to the relational agency scale, the participants were exposed to a decision-making scenario in which conflicting factors existed. The scenario were about buying a house and making a wedding hall contract, and in each scenario, two important values were set to conflict with each other in the market. Participants read the scenario and entered the level they wanted for each value. After that, they encounter a situation in which he or she has not found the candidate site corresponding to the level he or she wants. Then, the participants responded to their willingness to make additional efforts themselves. As a result of the study, the degree of relational agency of the participants showed a positive relationship with the degree of additional effort. In addition, the degree of the desired level beyond the reality (expectancy discrepancy) showed a nonlinear (reverse U-shape) influence on the additional effort while controlling for individual difference. Furthermore, the interaction effect between relational agency and expectancy discrepancy was significant. Specifically, individuals with low agency did not have a significant relationship between the degree of expectancy discrepancy and the dependent variable, but individuals with high relational agency had a significant non-linear relationship between the degree of expectancy discrepancy and the dependent variable. Based on the results of the study, the role and function of Koreans' psychological characteristics (relational agency) in the scene of managing needs-reality collision were discussed.