• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.497-505
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of hot-boning and soy sauce as a curing agent on the processing properties of beef jerky. Beef jerky was prepared under the following four treatment conditions; Beef jerky with cold-boned beef and salt solution, beef jerky with cold-boned beef and soy sauce solution, beef jerky with hot-boned beef and salt solution, and beef jerky with hot-boned beef and soy sauce solution. Cured meat and jerky containing hot-boned beef had a significantly higher pH, water holding capacity (WHC), moisture content, Myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI), processing yields, tenderness, and sensorial scores than samples containing cold-boned beef (p<0.05). Regardless of the raw materials, the jerky containing soy sauce had a significantly lower pH, WHC, moisture content, salt content, TBA, CIE $L^*$ and $b^*-$ values, and significantly higher MFI, mechanical tenderness, and sensorial scores (p<0.05). Based on these findings, we concluded that the use of hot-boned meat and soy sauce was the most effective boning method and curing agent during beef jerky processing.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.117-130
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• 2008

Korean traditional medicine has been used for the treatment of the various diseases based on both oriental medicinal theory and clinical trials. Thus, the prescriptions of Korean traditional medicine would be useful for the development of new therapeutics. This research focuses on the fundamental study in Korean traditional prescriptions for the development of new hepatoprotective agents. We found two prescriptions. Injinho-Tang and Osumogwa-Tang, showed the significant DPPH free radical scavenging and hepatoprotective effect, respectively. It is well-known that free radical scavenging effect is related to the prevention of various pathological events including liver injury. This paper deals with hepatoprotective effects on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, free radicals scavenging on both DPPH and superoxide of above two prescriptions. Hot water extract of Injinho-Tang did not show the significant hepatoprotective effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, however, it shows the significant scavenging effects for both DPPH and superoxide radicals. On the other hand, all of the hot water extracts of constituent herbal drugs in Injinho-Tang exhibited the promising protective effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Of these, water extract of Rhei Rhizoma showed the most prominent effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Bioassay-guided fractionation of Rhei Rhizoma extract has furnished four compounds, and their chemical structures have been identified by comparison of their spectral data with those of literature as chrysophanol (1), emodin (2), 3,5-dihydroxy-4'- methoxystilbene (3), and rhapontigenin (4), respectively. Among the isolated compounds, compounds 2-4 revealed the significant hepatoprotective effect in vitro when their $EC_{50}$ values compare with that of silybin, as a positive control. It also exhibited that emodin possessed the most hepatoprotective effect among these active compounds. In case of Osumogwa-Tang, its hot water extract showed the moderate protective effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Hot water extract of Chaenomelis Fructus, one of the constituent herbal drug of this prescription, exhibited the significant hepatoprotective effect with $EC_{50}$ value of $7.8{\pm}0.1\;{\mu}g/ml$, however, it showed strong cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells above the concentration of $25\;{\mu}g/ml$. It was revealed that both hot water extract of Evodiae Fructus and its butanol soluble fraction showed the moderate hepatoprotective effect but concentration-dependent activity in Hep G2 assay system. Two quinolone alkaloids, evocarpine and dihydroevocarpine, also tested for their hepatoprotective effects on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, however, these two compounds derived from the Evodiae Fructus as the major constituents did not show in vitro hepatoprotective effect. From these results, it would be necessary to further isolation of its hepatoprotective compounds from the butanol soluble fraction of the hot water extract of Evodiae Fructus.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.515-520
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• 2007

민들레 음료와 차 등의 가공제품 제조에 적합한 민들레 잎의 덖음조건을 확립하기 위하여 덖음처리에 의한 민들레 잎의 이화학적 성분 변화와 열수추출액의 이화학적 및 관능적 특성을 조사하였다. 덖음횟수가 증가함에 따라 민들레 잎의 유리당 함량이 감소하였고 특히 유리 아미노산과 총 폴리페놀 함량은 1회의 덖음처리에 의해서도 크게 감소하였다. 민들레 잎의 열수추출액의 아미노태질소, 총폴리페놀 등이 덖음처리에 의해 크게 감소하였고, 색도도 L, a, b 값이 생잎의 추출액에 비해 크게 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 반면 환원당의 경우에는 생잎에 비해 더 많은 양이 추출되는 것으로 나타나 덖음처리가 환원당 등 유용성분의 추출을 수월하게 하는 것으로 나타났다. 열수추출액의 향미묘사분석에 의해 떫은맛, 쓴맛, 풀냄새, 탄맛, 단내 등 5가지 관능적 특성이 도출되었고, 이중 떫은맛, 쓴맛, 풀냄새가 처리구간 유의적인 차이를 나타내었으며, 관능적 기호도 측정 결과 덖음횟수가 증가할수록 색과 맛에 대한 기호도가 증가하여 종합적인 기호도도 크게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.580-585
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• 2006

본 연구는 경립종자로서 종피가 단단하고 두꺼워 발아시 어려움이 있는 회화나무 종자를 여러 가지 전처리를 통해 발아율 및 발아지수를 향상시키고자 실시하였다. 종피 파상처리로서 황산 30, 60, 90% 용액에 30분간 침지하였고, 종자의 유근 반대편 부위를 1/8, 2/8, 3/8씩 절단하였다. 또한 종자를 젖은 수건에 싸서 밀봉 후 $4^{\circ}C$ 저온고에 각각 3, 5, 10일간 보관하였으며, $90{\sim}95^{\circ}C$ 뜨거운 물에 각각 2, 5, 10분간 침지하였다. 전처리된 종자는 각각 다른 발아특성을 나타내었다. 황산 처리된 종자는 발아율 및 발아지수에서 무처리구 보다 높게 나타났다. 특히, 황산 90%처리에서 가장 높은 효과를 보여주었다. 종자 절단 처리에서는 절단 길이가 늘어날수록 발아율 및 발아지수가 감소하였으며 종자의 냉층적 처리에서는 차이를 보이지 않았다(p=0.258). 열탕 처리시 2분 침지 종자는 무처리 종자보다 발아율 및 발아지수가 낮게 나타났으며 5, 10분 침지 종자는 발아하지 않았다. 전처리가 종자 발아뿐만 아니라 유묘활력에도 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 전처리 종자로부터 생장한 유묘를 대상으로 상대생장율 및 T/R율을 조사한 결과 황산 90% 처리구의 유묘에서 가장 뛰어난 수고 및 근원경의 상대생장율과 T/R율을 관찰 할수 있었다. 위의 결과로서 황산 90% 용액에 30분간 침지처리를 했을 때 회화나무 종자의 발아율, 발아지수를 비롯한 유묘의 상대생장율 및 T/R율이 높게 나타남을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2006

Photoinhibition and photoprotection of PSII in the leaves of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) grown in Hoagland solution and Tap water were compared. Though changes in the rates of $O_2$ evolution as a function of photon fluence rate (PFR) were comparable, the rates of respiration in the dark was 3 times higher in the Hoagland solution grown leaves than in the Tap-water grown ones. Compared to Hoagland solution grown plane, PSIIs of Tap water grown pepper leaves were more susceptible to photoinhibitory light treatment. In order to inactivate functional PSII to the same extents, Hoagland solution grown plants required almost 2-fold high light $(1600{\mu}molm^{-2}s^-)$ treatment than those of Tap water $(900{\mu}molm^{-2}s^-)$. Interestingly, the remaining fraction of PSII in Hoagland grown pepper was able to survive under prolonged illumination in the presence of lincomycin, which probably means that the growth condition of plant seemed to have an effect on the recovery of PSII from light stress. When PSII was severly photoinactivated at a chilling temperature, recovery was observed only if the residual functional PSII were not inhibited with DCMU, Nigericin and MV during recovery. In conclusion, PSIIs grown in the Hoagland solution was more resistant to excess light than in the Tap water grown one and the recovery of PSII from photodamage was more efficient in Hoagland grown pepper leaves than Tap water grown one, which means that the increased dark respiration may play a important role in the protection of PSII from photoinhibition by helping repair photosynthetic proteins (in particular, the D1 protein of PSII) degraded by photoinhibition.

• Mycobiology
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2012

$Elfvingia$ $applanata$, a medicinal mushroom belonging to Basidiomycota, has been used in the effort to cure cancers of the esophagus and stomach, and is also known to have inhibitory effects on hepatitis B virus infection. The hot water soluble fraction (as Fr. HW) was extracted from fruiting bodies of the mushroom. $In$ $vitro$ cytotoxicity tests showed that hot water extract was not cytotoxic against cancer cell lines such as Sarcoma 180, HT-29, HepG2, and TR at concentrations of 10-2,000 ${\mu}g/mL$. Intraperitoneal injection with Fr. HW resulted in a life prolongation effect of 45.2% in mice previously inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Treatment of Fr. HW resulted in a 2.53-fold increase in the numbers of murine spleen cells at a concentration of 50 ${\mu}g/mL$, compared with control. Incubation of murine spleen cells with Fr. HW at a concentration of 500 ${\mu}g/mL$ resulted in improved immune-potwntiating activity of B lymphocytes through an 8.3-folds increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, compared with control. Fr. HW generated 12.5 ${\mu}M$ of nitric oxide (NO) when cultured with RAW 264.7, a mouse macrophage cell line, at the concentration of 50 ${\mu}g/mL$, while lipopolysaccharide, a positive control, produced 15.2 ${\mu}M$ of NO. Therefore, the results suggested that antitumor activities of Fr. HW from $E.$ $applanata$ might, in part, be due to host mediated immunostimulating activity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권9호통권89호
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• pp.1232-1236
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• 2007

인체 암세포계(MG-63 골육암 세포, HT-29 인체 결장암세포, K-562 백혈암세포)를 이용하여 느릅나무 근피 메탄올 추출물, 열탕 추출물 및 즙액에 의한 암세포 성장에 미치는 효과를 검토하였다. 느릅나무 근피 메탄올 추출물, 열탕 추출물 및 즙액은 낮은 농도에서부터 인체 골육암 세포의 증식을 억제시켰다. 인체 결장암세포와 백혈암세포에서도 느릅나무 근피 메탄올 추출물, 열탕 추출물 및 즙액은 낮은 농도인 1 mg/ml에서부터 활성을 나타내어 40% 이상으로 암세포 증식 억제효과를 나타내어 앞서의 MG-63 골육암 세포에서 보다 그 증식 억제효과가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 느릅나무 근피 메탄올 추출물, 열탕 추출물 및 즙액을 골육암과 결장암세포에 투여한 2일 후에 세포내의 DNA 합성에 미치는 영향을 측정한 결과, 농도 의존적으로 암세포의 DNA 합성을 저해하는 것을 살펴 볼 수가 있었다. 따라서 느릅나무 근피 추출물은 인체 암세포 증식을 크게 억제하였으며 열탕 추출물에서도 항암활성 효과를 보여 느릅나무 근피 유래 생리활성 물질은 열에 안정한 것으로 여겨진다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2014

Vascular dementia is characterized by white matter lesions involving the demyelination and activation of astrocytes and microglia. In a previous study, we showed that the supernatant of a laboratory-scale, hot water extract of ground whole wheat (TALE) attenuated white matter injury and astrocytic activation in a rat model of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). In the present study, we made several modifications to the hot water extraction process to remove starch and enable large-scale production. We used wheat bran (WB), which contains less starch, instead of ground whole wheat. In addition, we removed starch granules with a decanter before hot water extraction. The final product, wheat bran extract (WBE), contained 2.42% arabinose, a surrogate marker of arabinoxylan, which is an active constituent of WBE. Supplementation of the rat model of BCCAO with WBE (400 mg/kg/day) for 33 days attenuated white matter injury, which was assessed by Luxol Fast Blue staining, in the corpus callosum (cc) and optic tract (opt) regions. Attenuation of white matter injury in the opt region was accompanied by improvement of the pupillary light reflex. Immunochemical staining revealed that supplementation with WBE reduced astrocytic activation in the cc and opt regions and reduced microglial activation in the opt region. These findings indicate that supplementation with WBE is effective at attenuating white matter injury accompanied by the inhibition of astrocytic and microglial activation. Therefore, extracts from WB, a cheap by-product of wheat milling, can be developed as a nutraceutical to prevent vascular dementia, a disease for which there is no approved pharmaceutical treatment.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2024

우리는 섬오갈피의 70% 에탄올과 열수추출물의 지표성분인 Acanthoic acid과 Kaurenoic acid 함량을 확인하기 위해 시료 내 각 화합물의 정량분석을 HPLC-UVD로 실시하였다. 또한, LC-MS 분석을 통해 시료 내 각 화합물의 성분을 확인하였다. 그 결과, 70% 에탄올 추출물의 Acanthoc acid와 Kaurenoic acid의 함량은 각각 28.84±0.21 mg/g(2.88%), 26.38±1.63 mg/g(2.64%)로 나타났다. 그러나 열수추출물에서는 두 가지 화합물의 Acanthoc acid와 Kaurenoic acid의 함량이 관찰되지 않았다. 결론적으로 섬오갈피 추출물로부터 Acanthoc acid과 그 대사산물을 추출하기 위한 최적의 추출용매로서 70% 에탄올이 열수용매보다 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 DPPH 라디컬 소거능, total polyphenols, flavonoids 함량이 삼채+섬오갈피 복합추출물의 70% 에탄올 복합 추출물이 열수용매보다 더 우수한 효과를 보였다. 삼채와 섬오갈피 등 에탄올복합추출물(SEC) 처리에 의해 유의적 또는 부분적으로 항염증을 감소되었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제10권
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• pp.51-56
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• 1971

청도군이서면과 김제군죽산면에서 발생된 수도심고선충을 분리하여 그 병실과 병원선충의 형태를 조사하고 그 전염경로와 온탕처리방제에 관한 약간의 실험을 실시하였는데 그 지과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 발병되었던 포장에서는 매년발병된다. 즉 포장전염을 한다. 2. 발병되었던 벼 종자는 그 종자를 통해서 전염한다. 3. 관개수를 통해서 전염한다. 4. 토양중에서 선충이 생존하고 있다가 토양의 이동으로 선충이 전염된다. 5. 선충은 이삭과 뿌리에 많이 분포되어 있지만 성숙식물전체부분에 널리 분포되여 있다가 그것을 통해서 전염된다. 6. 5$0^{\circ}C$, 55$^{\circ}C$, 6$0^{\circ}C$의 온탕에서 5분간격으로 60분까지 종자처리를 하여 살선충효과와 발아와의 관계를 조사하였던 바 5$0^{\circ}C$에서는 60분간 처리하여도 효과가 없고 55$^{\circ}C$에서는 15~20분간, 6$0^{\circ}C$에서는 10~15분간만 처리하여도 효과가 있음을 알았다.