• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.90 no.5
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• pp.447-458
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• 2024

This study investigated the influence of scale ratio and vertical load on the seismic performance of Puzuo joints in traditional Chinese timber structures. Three low-cyclic reversed loading tests were conducted on three scaled specimens of Bujian Puzuo in Yingxian Wooden Pagoda. This study focused on the deformation patterns and analyzed seismic performance under varying scale ratios and vertical loads. The results indicated that the slip and rotational deformations of Bujian Puzuo were the primary deformations. The scale of the specimen did not affect the layer where the maximum interlayer slip occurred, but it did decrease the proportion of slip deformation. Conversely, the reducing vertical load caused the layer with the maximum slippage and the position of the damaged Dou components to shift upward, and the proportion of slip deformation increased. When the vertical load was decreased by 3.7 times, the maximum horizontal bearing capacity under positive and negative loadings, initial stiffness, and energy dissipation of the specimen decreased by approximately 60%, 58.79%, 69.62%, and 57.93%, respectively. The horizontal bearing capacity under positive loading and energy dissipation of the specimen increased by 35.63% and 131.54%, when the specimen scale was doubled and the vertical load was increased by 15 times.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.561-573
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• 2006

Statement of the problem: In cases of low bone level in maxilla followed by extraction due to severe periodontitis or enlarged maxillary sinus, crown-root ratio of implant prosthesis will increase. The prognosis of these cases is not good as expected. Purpose : The purpose is to compare stress distribution due to crown-root ratio and effect of splinting between two implants in maxillary molar area under different loads Material and methods: Using ITI($4.1{\times}10$ mm) implant. two finite element models were made(model S: two parallel implants, model A: one of two is 20 degree inclined). Each model was designed in different crown-root ratio(0.7:1, 1:1, 1.25:1) and set cement type gold crown to make it splinted or non-splinted clinical situations. After that, 300 N force was loaded to each model in four ways.(load 1 : middle of occlusal table, load 2 : middle of buccal cusp, load 3 : middle of lingual cusp, load 4 : horizontal load to middle of buccal cusp), and stress distribution was analyzed. Results: On all occasions, stress was concentrated on neck of implant near cortical bone. In the case of inclined implant, stress was increased compared with parallel implants. Under load 1, 2, 3, stress was not increased even when crown-root ratio increases, but under load 4, when crown-root ratio increases, stress also increased. And more stress was concentrated under load 1 than load 2, 3. When crown-root ratio was same, stress under load 1, 2, 3 decreased when splinting, but under load 4, stress did not really decrease. Conclusion: Under vertical load, stress distribution related to crown-root ratio did not change. But under horizontal load, stress increased as crown-root ratio increases. Under vertical load, splinting decreased stress but under horizontal load, effect of splinting was decreased as condition of implant changes for the worse such as increase of crown-root ratio, inclined implant.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.77 no.2
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• pp.261-272
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• 2021

The energy-saving block and invisible multi-ribbed frame composite wall (EBIMFCW) is a new type of load-bearing wall. The study of this paper focus on it is hysteresis rule under horizontal cyclic loading. Firstly, based on the experimental data of the twelve specimens under horizontal cyclic loading, the influence of two important parameters of axial compression ratio and shear-span ratio on the restoring force model was analyzed. Secondly, a tetra-linear restoring force model considering four feature points and the degradation law of unloading stiffness was established by combining theoretical analysis and regression analysis of experimental data, and the theoretical formula of the peak load of the EBIMFCW was derived. Finally, the hysteretic path of the restoring force model was determined by analyzing the hysteresis characteristics of the typical hysteresis loop. The results show that the curves calculated by the tetra-linear restoring force model in this paper agree well with the experimental curves, especially the calculated values of the peak load of the wall are very close to the experimental values, which can provide a reference for the elastic-plastic analysis of the EBIMFCW.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.85-90
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• 1994

Three high strength reinforced concrete structural walls were tested under the combined action of a constant axial and a horizontal cycle load. The aim of the tests has been to investigate the effects of the web horizontal reinforcement on hysteretic behavior of wall. The results have helped to identify the causes of wall failure and have demonstrated the web horizontal reinforcement does not appear have a significant effect on shear capacity, stiffness and energy dissipation but have a significant effect on the failure mode of the walls.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.66-75
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• 1990

This study is conducted to establish the structural standard of tube and coupler scaffold which is suitable for our present stuation through the comparison analysis for domestic and foreign standards as well as measurement of field survey. The results of this study are as follows ： 1) The load is classified by three categories, light-duty(equal and lower than 150kg/m$^2$), medium-duty(150-250 kg/m$^2$), heavy-duty(250-350kg/m$^2$), and the equivalent horizontal length of side posts is each, 1.5-1.8m, 1.2-1.5m, equal and lower than 1.2m, and the equivalent horizontal length between front and rear posts is each 1.2-1.5m, 0.9-1.2m, equal and lower thatn 0.9m, in accordance with the load classification. 2) The height between upper and lower runner is equal and lower than 1.5m, and the brace across the width of scaffold should be installed within 15m in horizontal direction at 45 degree angle. 3) The entire scaffold should be securely tied to the wall of permanent structure with uslng anchor and bolt at intervals not to exceed 6m in case of non-connection and 4.5m in case of connection in both horizontal and vertical direction. 4) The post should be installed on the sound foundation tied to lumber footing with using base plate, and standard platform plank should be produced in the factory and widely used in the construction field.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.493-499
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• 2008

In order to evaluate the lateral behavior characteristics of single drilled shaft embedded in granite gneiss, a lateral load test was conducted in field. Horizontal displacement according to lateral load were measured along with the depth by an inclinometer installed in the shaft. In this study, We have evaluated horizontal displacement characteristics comparing the measurement values with calculating results by theoretical formula. Based on the comparison, the Chang's method was similar with the measurement values even though it was slightly underestimated. However, the finite analysis method and p-y method was overestimated, especially on the upper part of the ground.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.660-663
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• 2001

There is a mechanical device between the superstructure and substructure of a bridge, which transmit vertical load of superstructure to the substructure and absorb horizontal displacement of super structure due to thermal, dynamic, load, etc. In order to meet two requirements at once, the structure of roller between plates is widely used, and this roller between plates is widely used, and this roller shoe system is known to have smaller horizontal movement resistance than any other type of bridge shoe. In this study, rolling friction resistance characteristics of roller-plate friction system is investigated according to roller dimension, vertical load, hardness and roughness of roller and plate. On the base of the results, the rolling friction resistance of large scale roller shoe is evaluated using model experiment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.683-688
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate the structural performance of various shear walls, such as the hysteretic behavior, the maximum horizontal strength, crack propagation, and ductility etc. under load reversals. For the diagonal reinforced slit and infilled shear wall specimens, it was found that the failure mode shows very effective crack control and crashing due to slippage prevention of boundary region and reduction of diagonal tension rather than the brittle shear and diagonal tension failure. The ductility of specimens designed by the diagonal reinforcement for the slit and infilled shear wall was increased 1.72~1.81 times in comparison with the fully rigid shear wall frame. Maximum horizontal load-carrying capacity of specimens designed by the diagonal reinforcement ratio the slit and infilled shear wall was increased respectively by 1.14 times and 1.49 times in comparison with the standard fully rigid shear wall frame.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2021

Owing to economically efficient and easy installation, bucket foundation is a promising solution for offshore wind turbines. This paper aims at finding the behavior of suction caissons and soil surrounding the foundation by using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Under various loading conditions, a wide range of foundation geometries installed in dense and medium dense sandy soil was considered to evaluate ultimate horizontal load and overturning moment capacity. The results show that the rotation and displacement of the bucket due to monotonic loading are largely dependent on the foundation geometry, soil density and load eccentricity. Normalized diagrams and equations for the ultimate horizontal load and overturning moment capacities are presented that are useful tool for the preliminary design of such foundation type.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

This paper presents an experimental result and suggests the confinement effect of headed cross tie in reinforced concrete(RC) columns subjected to cycling horizontal loads under constant axial load. Five RC columns specimens were manufactured, taking confined type of transverse reinforcement, whether or not using cross tie, end detail of cross tie (hooked or headed), and axial stress in column as major variables, Cyclic horizontal load applied to the columns under constant axial stress and the effect of cross tie to structural capacity of column was evaluated from the test. The column without cross tie failed showing bending deformation of hoop with crack in core concrete at low horizontal load while the column with cross tie showed quite improved strength and ductility by suppressing bending deformation of hoop as well as buckling of longitudinal bar at once even after crack in core concrete. At high lateral displacement, the column with hooked cross tie showed the failure pattern loosing the confining force of cross tie since the $90^{\circ}$ hooked part of cross tie was stretched out and the cracked core concrete lumps were came off. However, the column with headed cross tie showed very stable behavior since the head of cross tie effectively confined the hoop and longitudinal bars even at high lateral displacement.