• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.598-602
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• 2006

Local scour is associate with particular local types of vortex around bridge piers. This paper is method of protection local scour for the existing Busan City subway 3 Line bridge piers and Gupo large bridge piers. In order to take design of protection of local scour this bridge piers, We calculate the local scour hole of depth , scour width, riprap construction , filter construction by formulas. We had experimental hydraulic model test for this bridge piers in order to take proof for the calculation of local scour. We knew that the vortex intensifies the local flow velocities and acts to erode sediment from the scour hole and transport it downstream. As the result of hydraulic model test, we could suggest three types method of protection local scour this bridges. We knew that FHWA HEC-18(Richardson et al. 2001: Modified CSU) Formula is useful to checking calculation as application of field. One is pier protection using the sheet piles and riprap, the others are pier protection using the riprap with filter and to make renew Wall-caisson. The best method of protection for the existing Busan City subway 3 Line bridge piers and Gupo large bridge piers is pier protection using the sheet piles and riprap.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2020

Air lift pump operated by buoyancy is mainly used for the continuous circulation and the purification of fluids. In this study, the computational flow analysis has been performed with the geometric and operating conditions of the air lift pump. The numerical data from the analysis have been verified by comparing with the previous experimental data. The following results are obtained which advance the efficiency of the air lift pump. As the submergence length of pipe increases and the pipe length over the water surface decreases, the non-dimensional mass flow ratio increases in both cases. When the position of the air injection hole is within the pipe, the circulation range of the surrounding fluid becomes widened with the distance between the air injection hole and the pipe inlet relatively becoming narrower. It is more efficient both when the air injection velocity is at 10 m/s and at 15 m/s, and when the diameter of the pipe with holes is doubled near the water surface. It is expected that these results can be provided as fundamental data for operating the air lift pump.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2004

This study was conducted to assess the possibility of the field application of the iceharbor-type precast fishway. When overflow depth of weir is 4.0 cm in model fishway, upper part velocities appear appropriate for upstream migration of fish and the lowest overflow wall (right line) in lower part has shown velocity distribution more or less inadequate for upstream migration. Except that right line, left and middle line revealed that velocities are appropriate for upstream migration of fish. Therefore, we concluded that this fishway owing to be not broad growth width of overflow velocities according to increasing discharges can correspond to variation of water level. Also We consider that various velocities in fishway were effective, because slow velocity line can guide flow for upstream migration. For low flow, the arrangement of different crest level or each overflow part (higher left, middle and lower right, or lower left, middle and higher right) was more effactive than unform crert level. Hole plays an important role as migration pass during drought and flood flow. Therefore, We concluded that this fishway can cope with water depth variation by various overflow wall height change and raise the field applicability with better performance hydraulically and structurally.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.29-30
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• 2015

In cleft palate surgery, the environment is especially critical when suturing. Encum-bered, obstructive space in the environment can hinder a suture while using the Dingman mouth gag. We introduced a novel but simple draping technique. A simple hand towel is placed over the gag. A hole is cut out in the middle according to each patient's mouth. After making the hole, the hand towel is soaked in water and gently squeezed. Then the towel is properly placed over the Dingman mouth gag. Dripping water on the hand towel during the suture helps keep it in place. Using this draping technique, we cut 14 minutes of operation time compared to the average operation time of the past 2 years. There were several disadvantages in previous draping method. First, long suture material may easily get caught. Second, the operation field can easily be contaminated. Third, focusing on the operation becomes difficult due to the obstruction. This draping technique can compensate for the disadvantages of the previous Dingman mouth gag.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.145-164
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• 2015

Bridge scour is the predominant cause of overwater bridge failures in North America and around the world. Several sensing systems have been developed over the years to detect the extent of scour so that preventative actions can be performed in a timely manner. These sensing systems have drawbacks, such as signal inaccuracy and discontinuity, installation difficulty, and high cost. Therefore, attempts to develop more efficient monitoring schemes continue. In this study, the viability of using optical dissolved oxygen (DO) probes for monitoring scour depths was explored. DO levels are very low in streambed sediments, as compared to the standard level of oxygen in flowing water. Therefore, scour depths can be determined by installing sensors to monitor DO levels at various depths along the buried length of a bridge pier or abutment. The measured DO is negligible when a sensor is buried but would increase significantly once scour occurs and exposes the sensor to flowing water. A set of experiments was conducted in which four dissolved oxygen probes were embedded at different soil depths in the vicinity of a mock bridge pier inside a laboratory flume simulating scour conditions. The results confirmed that DO levels jumped drastically when sensors became exposed during scour hole evolution, thereby providing discrete measurements of the maximum scour depth. Moreover, the DO probes could detect any subsequent refilling of the scour hole through the deposition of sediments. The effect of soil permeability on the sensing response time was also investigated.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2012

팽나무버섯 병재배($1,100m{\ell}$)에서 배양기 내 통기성이 팽나무버섯의 균사생장과 버섯발생에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 배양병 내의 통기성은 배양병 뚜껑에서 천공의 상하위치와 구경 크기로 조절하였고, 통기성 처리의 효과로는 배양병 내 이산화탄소 농도, 수분함량 변화, 키틴 함량, 유리당 함량, 자실체 발생량을 조사하였다. 팽나무버섯 균사배양 중 대수기 정점에서의 배양병 내 이산화탄소 농도는 대조구인 비통기성 무스폰지 뚜껑과, 천공 크기가 작은 뚜껑일수록 상대적으로 높았다. 팽나무버섯 균사 배양체 내 유리당 함량은 구멍 크기가 47mm로 상하로 천공된 뚜껑을 가진 병에서, 그리고 구멍 크기가 26~33mm로 하부만 천공 뚜껑을 가진 병에서 가장 많았다. 키틴 함량은 26mm 크기의 구멍을 하부에만 천공한 뚜껑을 가진 병에서 가장 많았다. 한편 뚜껑에서 천공의 위치가 상하 양쪽이고 천공크기가 42mm~47mm인 배양병에서는 수분 감소가 많아 발이가 불량하고 자실체 생산량도 적었다. 결론적으로 팽나무버섯 병재배 용기 $1,100m{\ell}$ pp병에서 최고의 수량을 나타낸 배양병에서의 뚜껑은 상하 천공으로 19mm 구멍과 하부만의 천공은 26mm 구멍을 내고 통기성 스폰지를 넣은 것으로, 이 때 자실체 생산량은 대조구보다 6~9% 증가하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2008

대부분의 기존 도자기보틀(bottle)은 입구가 상부를 향하고 있어 입구가 외부에 노출되기 때문에 발생하는 문제점을 갖고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 보안하여 이중 내부구조를 갖는 보틀을 제작하였다. 이 보틀은 컵 등에 따라질 내용물을 수용하며 하부에 입구를 갖는 수용부와 수용부와 연결되는 다수개의 구멍을 상부에 가지며 수용부의 둘레에 형성되어 내용물을 저장하는 저장부를 포함하며 수용부의 입구의 끝단이 바닥 표면에 맞닿는 저장부의 하부면 보다 상부에 위치하도록 구성된다. 이 보틀은 입구가 하부 쪽을 향하도록 이중 내부구조로 구성함으로써 이물질 등의 유입을 방지할 뿐만 아니라 알코올 성분의 발산을 억제할 수 있어 알코올 성분을 갖는 제품을 비롯한 내용물의 장기 보관이 가능하다. 또한 연결구멍을 통한 수용부에 의해 한 잔에 해당하는 일정량의 내용물을 컵 등에 항상 따를 수 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 앞서 설명한 바와 같은 종래기술의 문제점을 해결하여 보다 편리하고 실용적인 보틀을 만드는데 그 목적이 있다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2017

트라우즐 연주시험은 폭발물의 영향을 측정하기 위한 방법 중 하나이다. 일정크기 연주기둥 중앙의 발파공 내부에서 폭발에 의한 용적 확대량을 측정하여 폭발력을 측정하는데 이용된다. 본 연구에서는 발파공 내부 폭약주변의 채움재에 따른 폭발영향을 비교분석하기 위하여 트라우즐 연주시험 및 AUTODYN 수치해석을 하였다. 사용폭약은 일반 에멀젼 폭약을 적용하였고, 디커플링 조건과 모래, 물, 젤라틴의 충전재를 선정하였다. 시험 및 수치해석 결과 연주블록 발파공의 확대 정도는 물과 젤라틴이 유사하였고, 모래, 디커플링 조건 순으로 확대치를 나타냈다. 또한 연주기둥 외곽에서 측정한 동적 변형률 및 수치해석 전달압력의 경우 시험결과와 상응하였고, 같은 양상을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.213-217
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• 2016

The superhydrophobic and superoleophobic meshes surfaces have been used in various applications such as self-cleaning, anti-icing, gas exchange, oil-water separation, sound-wave penetrable anti-wetting structures, etc. In particular, there are many studies for oil-water separation with environmental issues. Because of high pressure and dynamic environment, oil-water separation filters must have stable surface properties as super-hydrophobicity and superoleophobicity. The oleophobicity of surface depends on the surface chemistry and roughness of the surface. The roughness of oleophobic surface enhances its static contact angle and stability. The multi-scale hierarchical structure provides a stable superhydrophobic state by maintaining a Cassie state. In this research, we fabricated a superoleophobic mesh with a multi-scale hierarchical structure to increase the pressure resistance and adjusted a size of the mesh hole.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.934-938
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• 2003

Flow analyses using FLUENT 5.4 code were performed to validate the application of the local bidirectional flow tube in case of water and air flow. In this study, sensitivity studies have been performed to optimize the design features of the bi-directional flow tube which can be applied for the various experimental conditions. 2-dimensional axisymmetric steady state flow analyses have been performed. By calculating the differential pressure at both the front and the rear hole of the flow tube, K values were evaluated. The K values show good linearity regardless of the tube sizes and the Re numbers in both water and air flow. And system pressure and water subcooling didn’'t affect the K values. Under the elevated pressure of 80bar with 80K water subcooling, the K value indicates a similar trend with the case of 2bar with 80K water subcooling.