• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.8
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• pp.137-157
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to acquire clear understanding of classic Pop art, and furthermore, how it evolved within the art and fashion industries in relations until present days. Throughout the studies, it was inevitable to find that there needs to be additional traits to Richard Hamilton's famous quote regarding the definition; "Pop Art is: Popular, transient, expendable, low cost, mass produced, young, witty, sexy, gimmicky, glamorous, big business." Distinctively, though Pop art is continually evolving, sustaining, costly, authentic, and, adaptable for all ages. Pop art's varying influence continued, and Neo-pop, Japanese Neo-pop, les Nouveaux pop, Post-pop art appeared with progression. These transformed Pop arts share similar contexts with the Classic Pop art; and yet, it is inevitably more narrative, and has diversity in sources and expressions. If the Classic Pop art's been mostly flourished in the United States, new Pop arts are well established in various countries with individualities. Indeed, Pop art influenced the fashion world with attempted young and sexy looks with pastiche characters. In the 1960's, "Mods", "Teddy Boys", and "Hippie" styles became popular, and fashion trend started trickling up. Various usages of fabrics and uncommon materials were popularized due to the advanced technology and Pop art. Recently: 1) classic Pop art's been directly applied to fashion, 2) it's been reflected in more various motives and techniques 3) Neo-pop artists and designers wire involved with collaborative efforts. Undoubtedly, Pop art still remains popular for those who seek for fun; and so-called "Kidult" and "Peter-Pan syndrome" are closely correlated to the fundamentals of Pop art.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to examine the military look, which is one of the most popular fashion trends in the 1996 women's fashion. Military look is that imitates or reinterprets the Army uniform which is functionally useful. After World War 1 , military look appeared in the women's fashion which is functionable tailor suits style, ankle-length skirt, pants or boiler suits for work wear, overcoat against the cold, and there was an attempt to introduce a National Standard Dress. In the middle of World War II, there was a similiar circumstance in women's military fashion. There were functionable tailor suits, knee-length skirt, pants or siren suits for work wear. And the Utility Dress was nationally recommended. In addition, the regulations were introduced to control the materials and styles used for some clothes. In the 70s, as the resistance movement as counterculture began to wear Army look which was army-uniform or army caps with 'US ARMY' logo and badges, and became very popular among the youth. In the 90s, military look has got one of the fashionable fashion themes with revival of Neo- Hippie look. Not only street fashion but also high fashion designer selected the trend for '96A/W The characteristics of the military look are khaki colors or camouflage prints, epaulets, big outpockets with flap, golden buttons and army belt. As I examined, during the World War I and ll, women wore the military look because of shortage of goods and work or service, and it was recommended by government. Though the military look in 70s, began by the resistance movement, at least it became a popular fashion. Military look in 90s, does not have inner symbolic meaning or ideology but it only represents fashion trend and revival fashion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.145-156
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• 2004

This study is regarding closed and open forms, which have relatively high recognition among visual perception phenomena in costumes. In particular, this study reviewed closeness and openness of ethnic look, which is a representative open costume. Closed form can be summarized as simple and clear silhouette, conspicuous differentiation from the background, simple construction of the costume and colors with low brightness and clearness. It Is modern, functional, rational and modest. On the other hand, open form can be summarized as complicated and inconspicuous edge line, complicated inner shape and colors with high brightness, high clearness and vividness. It includes concepts of pleasure, entertainment, joy, eroticism, rebel and resistance. Modern costumes have been simplified for a long time and they have functional and closed characteristics in their shape, structure and form. On the other hand, modern open form costumes are usually found in sub-cultural styles such as punk, hippie, kitsch and vintage, and some ethnic looks. Following is a summary of the characteristics of open form shown in the ethnic look. 1. The shape, structure of costumes, hair accessories, lace, ruffle and ornaments are complicated and irregular. 2. The silhouette is inconspicuous because of ambiguity between backgrounds and ABC (Apparel-Body-Construct) or the use of see-through materials. 3. It makes complicated visual shapes because it does not have a single type but is composed of various clothing items together. 4. It gives complex feelings by matching various colors or more than two different fabrics. 5. It looks like the open type because of the complex patterns shown in the costumes.