• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.47-59
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to grasp the meaning of retro-fashion, to research the formative feature characteristic and aesthetic values. Retro-fashion is one of the expression of spatiotemporal-eclecticism, The formative of modern Retro-fashion are as follows: First, Retro-fashion based on spatiotemporal-eclecticism have been come from 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s, 80s style of time, and the asia, africa, middle east, latin America in region. Second, the design inspiration and technique is used more primitive crafts and decoration like handcrafted material, handmade ornaments as dyeing and embroidery of bohemian, jacqwuard pattern, oriental beads, applique, new hippie touch, patchwork, smocking, primitive button, woods, ethnic motives. Third, modern Retro-fashion is reflection of human feelings as nostalgia from the past, it supplies the sense of fashion creativity and new ideas.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.71-85
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• 2016

Since their emergence in the 1960s, music festivals have attracted young people the world over with similar tastes, attitudes and styles. Now a worldwide phenomenon, music festivals such as Glastonbury in England, Primavera Sound in Barcelona, Spain and Pentaport Rock Festival in Incheon, South Korea draw hundreds of thousands of attendees from around the world and have become a major event not only for music fans, but for trend forecasters who now chronicle what has come to be known as "festival fashion", which has several distinctive style markers. This paper provides a historical background of festival fashion, examines the phenomenon using fashion theory and discusses the controversies facing the music festival and festival fashion, in particular the role that sponsorship from major corporations currently plays as advertisers who want to get their products into the hands of influential festival attendees and allegations of cultural appropriation on the part of attendees. In conclusion, the future of music festivals and festival fashion as a category is examined.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.25-36
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze the expressive technique of grunge look in knitwear fashion. For this study, I have investigated theories of retro and decontructionism trends, and have examined pictures from professional fashion magazines. The results of study on the expressive technique of grunge look reflected on the knitwear fashion were as follows; (1) patchwork technique, which is an outstanding method of recycling, (2) handknitting technique, which came from retro trend of hippism, (3) unfinished edge, which emphasized the image of poverty and incompleteness, (4) irregular lace knitting and slash technique, which is the typical details of grunge look and denies the traditional fashion order, (5) hand stitch technique using various materials, which gives second-hand mood of hippie look, and (6) fringe details, which originated from the unfinished edge technique.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.55-66
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes and characteristics of street fashion in Japan of the 1980s. The data were collected from the Mainichi Newspaper published in Japan from 1950 to 1990. The results were as follows: 1. After world war II, the street fashion had changed through the styles of the Panpan, Apres, Miyuki, Hippie & Hooten, Bikers in Japan. 2. The 1980s was characterized as an era of post industrial society and the appearance of Shinjinrui which means new human. In street fashion, these changes led to greater focus on unique style in Japan. In the 1980s, the street fashion had developed within four styles : traditional casual wear style, American sports wear style, performance.oriented style, and Japanese DC brand style in Japan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.581-588
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• 1997

Since 1950 postmodernism shows strong influences in literature, architektuTe, art, clothing and other social and cultural fields. It's main conceptswere individual, pluralistic, unconven- tional and deconstruction of social values. The purpose of thisstudy was to review the influence of postmodernism to German clothing for youth. To achieve this purpose, raga- zinesfor youth ("BKAVO") from 1959 to 1994 surveyed including a number of interviews. The characterizations of postmodernism in fashion are as follows: Sport Clothing has an effect on Oaily Clothing. Exotic phenomenon from south america, africa, asia shows strong in fashion. Subculture(Rocker, Hippie, Punker) is as anti-culture sylnbolically expressed in young fashion which is diffrent from mother-fashion. This appeard in Germany in the 50s, 60san6 70s. However, sub-culture-look in the 80s and 90s is presented only in outer style. It does'nt show any symbolic meanings. "Bricolage" ("mix and match") -concept was appeard in 60s and 70s only in fashion of subculture group. This concept generalized in standard fashion in 80s and 90s.andard fashion in 80s and 90s.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.122-142
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• 2003

This study examines the meaning of retro phenomenon and its background of establishment that showed in the pop culture. And it finds out the retro phenomena in the domestic fashion trends. And it defines the characteristics of dress and its ornament in the retro phenomena that have shown in the Korean movies since 1998. By doing this, it examines the relationship between movie dress and street fashion while it compares the styles in the 50s 70s with the retro fashion that is currently emerging. The results of the study are as follows. First, the hippie look in the 60s represented a distinctive characteristic of how they rejected traditional lifestyles. Hippie's romantic femininity that showed in the movie of 'Oollala Sisters' received a spotlight as a necessary style in the modern fashion trend. Second, while the funk look in the 70s was a style of disorder and disgust, the movie gives it a possibility of fashion with a converted sense as a vanguard fashion while embracing the funk look. Third, the layered look in the 70s was expressed with layered items, while the current layered look emphasizes layered textiles as shown in the movie of 'Hae-Jeok Became The Disco King'. Fourth, the feminine look which was a symbol of restraint shows a mixed style with delicate feminine items as shown in the movies, 'The Harmonium In My Memory' and 'Ditto'. Fifth, the training look that has two stripes as shown in the movie 'the Friends' is considered as casual wear, which is functional and easy to move at the end of the 20th century. Finally, the romantic images of school look, as shown in the movies 'the Friends' and 'Hae-Jeok Became The Disco King', show a renewed mixed & unique style. This study has its significance in the sense that it verifies the fact that the movie dress does not show the characteristics of the works that momentarily passes the screen, but it becomes a foundation of the future fashion design. At this time that Korean movies are highly developing, a through study on the movie fashion will not only give a direction of future in the modern fashion, but it will also give a developing momentum in the Korean movie dress.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.111-121
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• 2004

The influence of the 'well-being' trend on the every day life of our society can be found by recent books, articles, and magazines. The purpose of this study is to analyze the well-being trend and its effect on the current knitwear fashion. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; (1) The 'well-being' trend is very different from the past life style and it will be a preceding life style in 21st century. (2) The preference for organic food and the promotion of 'colorful menu' came from the 'well-being' trend. And, the yoga, zen, meditation, aroma-therapy, spa, and massage are also under the influence of 'well-being' trend. (3) The Neo-Hippie look and Neo-Vintage look are connected with the 'well-being' trend. (4) The influences of 'well-being' trend on the current knitwear fashion are shown in the hand knitting (bulky knit & crochet), twin sets including cardigans, hand crafted details, natural colors, and natural materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.26
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• pp.101-121
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• 1995

The Purpose of this study was to investigate homology between the Popular music and Fashion of youthful subculture and how the image of popular music have influenced on the 90's fashion. As the result, Korean youthful subculture analized to be different from western youthful subculture. In western countries, the style of youthful subculture groups spread to tricle up as developed themselves but represented tricle down phenomenon in Korea. Because life con-dition of Korean Youthful was different from westerns in everything. The Image of popular music have an influenced on the 90's fashion, it is be classified into the Jazz image, the Country & Western image, the Rock image, and Hip-Hop, Ragge image. 1. The jazz image from Jazz music has come back dandism of the nostalgia mood and intro-duce ethnic sense into fashion. 2. The Country & Western image is reflected in fashion of accessories details, materials and Coordination item. 3. The rock image from Acid Rock and Punk Rock effected the advent of hippie mood fashion, ethnic, ecology, new unisex fashion and Punk fashion trend. 4. The hip-hop, raggae image from Rap and Raggae music showed on fashion of primitive mood's naturism, Sports wear's generalization and dualism. After the 90th, youthful fashion of new gener-ation may be infered constantly on the move toward $\ulcorner Fashion democracy \lrcorner$formation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.30
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• pp.153-166
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to examine the Ethnic Fashion which is influenced by the Anti-Fashion in 1960s. Anti-Fashion as Hippie style had an effect on high fashion in the 60s-70s and which was restored in the early 90s are ethnic and folk-lore style. The influence that the Anti-Fashion has had on the Ethnic Fashion is summarized as follows. At the Ethnic Fashion in 60s-70s: First Europian romantic style that is velvet doublet breecheese race cuffs ruffle flounce race jabbot embrioderd blouse frilled blouse Victorian mode and Pre-Raphaello style. Second handicraft ornaments style & peasant style what are embroidery weaving variaty ornaments tie-dye patch work smocking beads & bell paisely print peasant blouse dundle skirt long skirt to clinging layered look floral print dress and shepherd-ness style. Third folklore style that is Oriental mao-suit harem pants & Indian pants caftan monk robe Afgan vest burnoos dhoti pants Hindu robe Red Indian fringe head band feather ornaments Red indian embroidery & weaving body painting gaucho poncho and serapi. At the Ethnic Fashion in 90s.: First Europian classical romantic style that is Victorian style Pre-Raphaello style ruffle & race decorations and velvet materials. Second peasant look& handicraft orna-ments what are floral print long skirt to cling-ing uneven stitches top stitchings patch work embroidery crochet and tie-dye. Third folklore style that is Red Indian style South East mode is sarong skirt & Nheru jacket Tibet & Mongolian style South America style and gypso style.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.470-480
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• 2003

This study looks upon the borderless phenomenon of genres and at the disintegration of boundaries in fashion, the current 'borderless trend', and analyze modern men's fashion having borderless phenomenon under social changes and disclose current men's fashion. The borderless phenomenon of men's fashion declines traditional image of gender and expresses modern men's images strongly in accordance with social changes: Thus, in modern days, men's images have changed from muscular men having show-off and superiority to women-like men having pearly skin and slender figure. Men's fashion also looked for feminization to let men like make-up, beauty salon, cosmetic surgery and women-like hair style, etc. Men have been also given women's sexy and sensual beauty to put on innerwear as an outerwearization. The Influx and mixing of mutually different cultures is expressed in Hippie, Ethnic, Oriental trends. Mutually opposing country's factors mix so that a new culture is established. Also, the sharing of fashions amongst younger and older generation has occurred for reasons that are similar to the reasons above.