• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.12
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• pp.889-898
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• 2013

Due to the popularization of high-performance capturing equipments and the emergence of powerful image-editing softwares, it is easy to make high-quality counterfeit money. However, the probability of detecting counterfeit money to the general public is extremely low and the detection device is expensive. In this paper, a counterfeit money detection algorithm using a general purpose scanner and computer system is proposed. First, the printing features of color printers are calculated using morphological operations and gray-level co-occurrence matrix. Then, these features are used to train a support vector machine classifier. This trained classifier is applied for identifying either original or counterfeit money. In the experiment, we measured the detection rate between the original and counterfeit money. Also, the printing source was identified. The proposed algorithm was compared with the algorithm using wiener filter to identify color printing source. The accuracy for identifying counterfeit money was 91.92%. The accuracy for identifying the printing source was over 94.5%. The results support that the proposed algorithm performs better than previous researches.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.77-94
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• 2020

While the importance of the service industry has increased at the national economy level, the service rate and job satisfaction of the flight attendants in the aviation service industry are not high. In this regard, this study aims to recognize what factors can reduce their job stress in the emotional work environment, and how job stress affects their attitude and job performance. More specifically, the current study tries to investigate how flight attendants' positive psychological status affect their job stress, organizational commitment, and knowledge sharing in the aspect of job performance. The main five constructs in these interrelationships include the flight attendants' positive psychological capital, leader-member exchange(LMX), job stress, organizational commitment, and knowledge sharing. This study conducted a quantitative research with 390 questionnaire for flight attendants, and analyzed the data using SPSS/PC version 20.0 and structural equation modeling program of AMOS 20.0. The findings show that the favorable leader-member exchange relationship between flight attendants plays a significant role in lowering job stress, while high job stress has a negative effect on organizational commitment and knowledge sharing. The result also shows that personal positive psychological capital acts as a trigger to influence other factors. Therefore, this study suggests that it is essential for airlines not only to promote an organizational system to support the flight attendants' emotional work but also to maintain a positive psychological state for securing competitive human resources.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.131-138
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• 1974

The author has conducted survey on the status of physical growth and morbidity of the children for christian children's fund programme, as a means of collecting basic data for the anticipated establishment of a health planning. A total 345 children aged 9 to 16 underwent C.C.F. programme while as a control, a total of 480 children of same ages from the middle-class school children in Jeonju area was also studied. As results of survey conducted for a period of one month (form July 1 to 31, 1974) on a total 429 children in 347 households living in Jeonju area. I. Socio-economic background 1. By educational status of the children, 39.9 per cent of the total children was attending at primary school, 33.8 per cent in middle school and 15.6 per cent in high school. 2. The greatest proportion or 28.8 per cent of the household head were engaged in labor, 17.9 per cent in peddler and 13.2 per cent in retail. 3. As for the living standard of the households, low class constitued 90.1 per cent, middle and high classes only 9.9 per cent. 4. 39.5 per cent of the households had their own house, 39.1 per cent lived in rent deposit house or rooms and 14.6 per cent in monthly rented house and rooms. II. Physical growth and nutritional status 1. The growth of children for C.C.F. programme in terms of height was found to be slightly smaller than the school children. The ages frm 9 to 16 corespond to the 'secondary growth and replenishment period and this period was regarded to be the one most affected by environmental and nutritional factors of all the other periods of growth and developmet. 2. The body weight of the children for C.C.F. presented a quite different pattern from that of the school children. The above findings appeared thin-and-long stature from the famillies with higher living standard while those from the household with low standard of living had a short-and-plump one. 3. According to the values of Rohrer's index, the children of C.C.F carried a higher degree of 'replenishment' than the children in Jeonju area and adolesecence comes later for the girls under C.C.F. programme. III. Morbidity 1. The monthly prevalence rate was 110.0 per thousand persons for the children under C.C.F. programme. 2. The total number of case was classified by timing of the incidence as follws. 40.0 per cent was constituted by diseases carried over from tile previous month and 60.0 per cent by new incidences. 3. The diseases were broken down by W.H.O. disease classification into the greatest proportion or 39.1 per thousand person constituted by disease of the digestive system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.2
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• pp.184-192
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• 2018

In this study was implemented to develop tree stem weight prediction equation of Larix kaempferi in central region by selecting a standard site, taking into account of diameter and position of the local trees. Fifty five sample trees were selected in total. By utilizing actual data of the sample trees, 11 models were compared and analyzed in order to estimate four different kinds of weights which include fresh weight, ovendry outside bark weight, ovendry inside bark weight and merchantable weight. As to estimate its weight, the study has classified its model according to three parameters: DBH, DBH and height, and volume. The optimal model was chosen by comparing the performance of model using the fit index and standard error of estimate and residual distribution. As a result, the formula utilizing DBH (Variable 1) is $W=a+bD+cD^2$ (3) and its fit index was 90~92%. The formula for DBH and height (Variable 2) is $W=aD^bH^C$ (8) and its fit index was 97~98%. In summation, Variable 2 model showed higher fitness than Variable 1 model. Moreover, fit index of formula for total volume and merchantable volume (W=aV) showed high rate of 98~99%, as well as resulting 7.7-17.5 with SEE and 8.0-10.0 with CV(%) which lead to predominately high fitness in conclusion. This study is expected to provide information on weights for single trees and furthermore, to be used as a basic study for weight of stand unit and biomass estimation equations.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2 s.32
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• pp.34-47
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• 1996

We have seen a sharp increase in the utilization rate of medical services since the launch of Nation Health Insurance system in 1989. However, the market share of oriental medicine in the Korean health sector has been gradually diminished mainly due to low insurance coverage and high price. Especially high price as an entry barrier to oriental medical services has played a major role in decreasing market share. This paper investigated the effects of price discount on the financial condition and market share of oriental medical institutions. Microeconomic theory and multiple regression analysis were used as a methodology in testing the alternative hypothesis: price discount of enveloped herb drug will result in increases in both the revenue and market share of oriental medical institutions. Data was collected from the statistical yearbook and sample survey. The price elasticity of demand for enveloped herb drug was estimated at 5.8 during 1987-1995 period, which means that a 1% decrease in price will bring about a 5.8% increase in the utilization of oriental medical services. The empirical result shows that a drastic price discount for the enveloped herb drug will eventually improve the financial status of the oriental medical institutions and enlarge the market share of oriental medicine in the Korean health care sector.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1987

It is well-known that hepatic scintigraphv have been found to be less sensitive and specific in the detection of the diffuse hepatocellular diseases than that of the space-occupying lesions. To obtain the higher diagnostic specificity and sensitivity, we, using the computer quantitation, have attempted to analyze hepatic and extrahepatic $^{99m}Tc-tin$ colloid uptake patterns in various diffuse hepatocellular diseases retrospectively. The studied groups consisted of 116 cases of normal, 67 cases of acute hepatitis, 112 cases of chronic hepatitis, 61 cases of liver cirrhosis, 47 cases of fatty liver, 12 cases of hepatoma and 9 cases of metastasis, making total 424 cases. Scintigraphic imagings were obtained in the anterior, right lateral and posterior projections using high-resolution collimation, and simultaneously these gamma data were acquisited into the computer system. Both large region of interest (ROI) using light pen and ROI computer program were placed over right lobe, left lobe of liver, spleen and cardiac blood pool. Total counts in ROI were divided by the number of pixels in the ROI, and mean count rate per pixels calculated. Mean right-lobe counts were divded by mean-left lobe counts to determine right-to-left hepatic lobe ratio and mean spleen counts were divided by mean liver counts to determine spleen to liver ratio. The results were as follows. 1) Of 424 cases, 292 were male and 132 were female. The majority of age distribution was in $30\sim49$ (54.5%). 2) Inter-observer between two independant operators and inter-method between drawing by light-pen and ROI computer program variations were not significant. 3) The uptake count values (per pixel) determined at each area in normal group were $106.53{\pm}18.35$ in right lobe, $79.00{\pm}13.82$ in left lobe, $17.52{\pm}8.31$ in spleen and $8.09{\pm}3.43$ in cardiac blood pool. 4) In liver cirrhosis, right lobe uptake was decreased but spleen and cardiac blood pool uptakes were increased (p<0.01). 5) Right-to-left hepatic lobe uptake ratio was $1.37{\pm}0.24$ in normal group and significantly low in chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and fatty liver, and more or less low in acute hepatitis. 6) Spleen-to-right hepatic lobe uptake ratio was $0.17{\pm}0.09$ in normal group and high in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. 7) The computer-quantitation of hepatic and extrahepatic uptake patterns thought to be sensitive and useful method in the interpretation of liver scintigram.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.115-119
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• 2005

As the regulations on DBPs are tightened, many water treatment plants (WTPs) in Korea have already introduced or will introduce enhanced coagulation, alternative disinfectants and advanced treatments such as ozonization and granular activated carbon to improve drinking water qualify. After a phenol leakage accident at the Nakdong-River in 1991, 26 WIPs in Korea introduced carbon dioxide generators, but there has been no accumulation of significant operating data. This research summarizes things that should be considered for the introduction of carbon dioxide disinfection process to WTPs based on one year operation data from A WTP that has had high concentration of DBP during a specific period in the summer. The removal efficiency of DBP was $30{\sim}40%$, but those of 2-MIB, Geosmin were less than 10%. The generation rate of $ClO_2$ by-products such as chlorite and chlorate were $70{\sim}100%$ of input dosage, but the ratios increased over time. At the same time, strong chlorine odors may be produced in the distribution system when $ClO_2$ was used with $Cl_2$ as a result of reaction between the chlorite and residual chlorine.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.211-216
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• 2006

$\underline{Purpose}$: An analysis of the infrastructure for radiotherapy in Korea was performed to establish a baseline plan in 2006 for future development. $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: The data were obtained from 61 radiotherapy centers. The survey covered the number of radiotherapy centers, major equipment and personnel. Centers were classified into technical level groups according to the IAEA criteria. $\underline{Results}$: 28,789 new patients were treated with radiation therapy in 2004. There were 104 megavoltage devices in 61 institutions, which included 96 linear accelerators, two Cobalt 60 units, three Tomotherapy units, two Cyberknife units and one proton accelerator in 2006. Thirty-five high dose rate remote after-loading systems and 20 CT-simulators were surveyed. Personnel included 132 radiation oncologists, 50 radiation oncology residents, 64 medical physicists, 130 nurses and 369 radiation therapy technologists. All of the facilities employed treatment-planning computers and simulators, among these thirty-two percent (20 facilities) used a CT-simulator. Sixty-six percent (40 facilities) used a PET/CT scanner, and 35% (22 facilities) had the capacity to implement intensity modulated radiation therapy. Twenty-five facilities (41%) were included in technical level 3 group (having one of intensity modulated radiotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy or intra-operative radiotherapy system). $\underline{Conclusion}$: Radiation oncology in Korea evolved greatly in both quality and quantity recently and demand for radiotherapy in Korea is increasing steadily. The information in this analysis represents important data to develop the future planning of equipment and human resources.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2010

National Cancer Screening Project and Korean Society of Breast Imaging recommend that breast cancer screening should be performed on those aged 40 and above. Nevertheless, this recommendation is usually ignored by a number of medical institutions. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the necessity of an age limitation in screening mammography. Ten institutions were randomly selected and telephone inquiries about patients' age limitation and internal guidelines were set up. The 3,214 women, who underwent screening mammography through 'GE Senography 2000D' in each hospital, were classified into five groups according to age(from 20s to 40s, at intervals of 5). And then, collected data was analyzed by a radiologist in accordance with ACR-BIRADS(American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System), through which breast parenchymal density and the results of analysis were categorized in order to predict the sensitivity of mammography. Information about craniocaudal-view mammograms was automatically produced by use of GE Senography 2000D, and the average glandular dose was retrospectively analyzed through the program 'Excel 2007.' Two institutions did not set the age limitation. Other seven institutions internally allowed those who wanted to receive mammography regardless of age. Approximately 99% of those aged 20 to 29 were judged as having the dense breast. In those aged 35 to 39, breast parenchymal density tended to be lower, but the fatty breast to increase. In the case of 'category-zero' that does not need additional tests, the rate of 'heterogeneously dense' and 'extremely dense' reached to 83.1% and 15.1% respectively. Regarding dense breasts, there was no sufficient information for image reading. The glandular dose, applied to 3,214, was 1.47mGy on the average. In those aged 20 to 24 who are sensitive to radiation, the average glandular dose indicated 1.59mGy. Those aged 35 and above showed the lowest value, 1.43mGy. In those aged 35 to 39, the breast tended to change from denseness to fattiness. The average glandular dose was lowest in those aged 35 and above, which suggests that screening mammography should be periodically performed on those aged 35 and above in order that breast cancer may be early detected. On the other hand, in those aged less than 35, it is difficult to analyze mammograms due to the high density of breast parenchyma, and also retakes become frequent. In particular, subjects may be exposed to excessive doses. Accordingly, it should be substituted by breast self-examination or clinical breast examination. In case of need, it is advisable to perform ultrasonography.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.5 no.10
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• pp.347-352
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• 2016

Recently, IoT technology has been applied in various field. In particular, the technology focuses on analysing large amount of data that has been gathered from the environmental sensors, to provide valuable information. This technique has been actively researched in the agro-industrial sector. Many researches are underway in the monitoring and control for growth crop environment in agro-industrial. Normally, the average weather data is provided by the manual agro-control method but the value may differ due to the different region's weather and environment that may cause problem in the disease and insect-pest prevention. In order to develop a suitable integrated system for fruit tree, all the necessary information is obtained from the Jeollanam-do province, which has the high production rate in the Korea. In this paper, we propose an integrated support platform for the growing crops, to minimize the damage caused due to the weather disaster through image analysis, forecasting models, by using the micro-climate weather information collection and CCTV. The fruit tree damage caused by the weather disaster are controlled by utilizing various IoT technology by maintaining the growth environment, which helps in the disease and insect-pest prevention and also helps farmers to improve the expected production.